Bijan Rezaee

  Information

      This study was conducted with the aim of elucidating the relationship between gamification and customer engagement in online businesses and of proposing an integrated conceptual model in this domain. The central research question concerned the mechanisms and elements through which gamification can enhance the emotional, cognitive, and social dimensions of customer engagement within digital environments. The research employed an exploratory mixed-methods approach and was carried out in two qualitative and quantitative phases.    In the qualitative phase, qualitative data were collected through a systematic thematic analysis of the existing literature as well as semi?structured interviews with 12 academic and professional experts in the fields of management, entrepreneurship, psychology, economics, and education. Participants were selected through purposive sampling based on expertise, academic background, and relevant professional experience, and data collection continued until theoretical saturation was achieved. The interview data were analyzed and categorized using open, axial, and selective coding. Based on the results of the qualitative analysis and themes extracted from the interviews, the dimensions and elements of gamification were identified, and the conceptual model of the study was developed.    Findings from this phase indicated that gamification in online businesses is not limited to commonly known mechanical elements such as points, badges, medals, leaderboards, levels, missions, and immediate feedback. Rather, a set of emerging, experience?based elements—directly derived from the qualitative data and semi?structured interviews—also affects various dimensions of customer engagement. These emerging elements included self?expression through identity representation and enhanced psychological ownership; the creation of pleasure as a positive emotional experience; purposeful and staged accomplishment of missions and levels; long?term motivation focused on sustained interaction; problem?solving ability through cognitive challenges; meaningful role?playing; the use of simulators for risk?free real?world experiences; implicit learning through indirect interaction; and the capability to combine physical and cognitive aspects simultaneously. These components collectively addressed the identity?related, emotional, cognitive, and social facets of user experience.    In the quantitative phase, the statistical population consisted of customers and users of online businesses, selected through convenience sampling. The sample size, determined using Cochran’s formula for infinite populations, was 387 participants, and data were collected via a researcher?developed questionnaire. Quantitative data analysis was conducted at both descriptive and inferential levels. Initially, descriptive statistics, demographic characteristics, tests of normality, and instrument reliability (via Cronbach’s alpha) were examined using    software, and the results confirmed adequate reliability and suitability of the data for more advanced analyses. Subsequently, to test the conceptual model and research hypotheses, structural equation modeling using the partial least squares approach was performed through SmartPLS software.   

With the development of new technologies, especially artificial intelligence, the insurance industry, as one of the main pillars of the country's financial system, is on the path of digital transformation. The present study was conducted with the aim of providing a model for improving the attitude towards the acceptance of artificial intelligence in the insurance industry. This study was applied in terms of purpose and was conducted with a qualitative approach and grounded theory research method. The study population included all experts, such as faculty members with relevant resumes and expertise, managers, specialists, and active and expert experts in Kowsar insurance agencies across the country. In terms of data collection method, it was a documentary-field research. Participants were selected using purposive and theoretical sampling methods, and to determine the sample size, sampling continued until theoretical saturation. The data collection tools in this study included reviewing existing documents and evidence, semi-structured interviews, group discussions, and field note-taking. To determine the validity and reliability of the research, triangulation techniques were used, as well as review by key participants and other colleagues of the research team. A three-stage coding technique was used to analyze the data. The results also presented a paradigmatic model consisting of the dimensions of causal conditions (including economic factors, cultural and social factors, etc.), contextual conditions (including managerial and organizational factors, infrastructure), intervening conditions (including legal-supportive factors, educational and research factors), measures (including organizational, educational-research, institutional and governmental factors, etc.), and consequences (including social, technological and innovative factors, etc.). This research states that the adoption of artificial intelligence in the Iranian insurance industry is not only a technological choice, but also a strategic organizational-cultural transformation, the success of which depends on a systemic and comprehensive approach to all influential factors.   

 Iran’s economy is among those in which energy consumption is heavily subsidized; as a result, domestic energy prices are low compared to neighboring countries. This has led to inefficient energy use, and international statistics classify Iran as a high energy?intensity economy. At the provincial level, there is also a considerable gap in energy intensity that cannot be fully explained by standard determinants such as industrialization, urbanization, GDP, and financial development; part of this gap is due to unexplained factors that conventional models cannot capture.Using provincial data for 2007–2020 and a decomposition?model approach, this study estimates the contribution of industrialization, GDP, urbanization, population, and financial development to energy intensity. The GMM estimation results show that industrialization, economic growth, and financial development have a negative and significant effect on energy intensity, whereas population and urbanization exert a positive and significant effect. Finally, the Oaxaca–Blinder decomposition indicates that about 93% of the gap in energy intensity and 70% of total energy consumption can be explained by these factors, while the contribution of smuggling and improper consumption patterns is about 7% of the intensity gap and 30% of energy use. Accordingly, designing appropriate economic structures that reinforce the negative impact of the above factors on energy intensity is a key policy priority for Iran’s economy.

The food industry, as a strategic sector of Iran's economy, plays a crucial role in creating sustainable employment, ensuring food security, and promoting regional development. However, in many less-developed areas, including Kermanshah province, attracting investors in this sector faces structural and institutional challenges. Identifying the factors influencing investment attraction can therefore facilitate economic growth and reduce regional inequalities. This study aims to identify and prioritize methods for attracting investors in small food businesses in Kermanshah. The research is applied in nature and follows a sequential exploratory mixed-methods approach. The population included local experts, managers, and specialists active in the province's industrial towns and zones. A purposeful snowball sampling method was used, and finally, 14 experts participated in a fuzzy Delphi process. Data were collected through interviews and questionnaires and analyzed using content analysis,    23, and Excel 2013. The findings indicate that attracting investors in less-developed food industry areas depends on four main dimensions: economic, political, governmental, and organizational. Among these, the economic dimension carries the greatest weight, with key indicators including improved production infrastructure, targeted financial support, and workforce skill development. The results can serve as a basis for developing investment attraction policies, improving infrastructure, and enhancing government-private sector interaction in Kermanshah province. Additionally, these findings provide a model for other less-developed regions of the country to guide sustainable regional development and investment strategies.   

   The present study aims to identify and analyze the challenges of creating sustainable employment for individuals with disabilities in workshop units supported by the Welfare Organization of Kermanshah Province. Sustainable employment, a key component in human and social development and crucial for enhancing the dignity and social participation of people with disabilities, continues to face issues such as unemployment and discrimination despite existing protective legislation. This qualitative study employed a qualitative content analysis approach, conducting 20 semi-structured interviews with experts in the field of employment for people with disabilities (using purposive snowball sampling) to analyze the data. Findings indicate that the challenges to sustainable employment for individuals with disabilities are multidimensional and intersectoral, >   Keywords: Sustainable employment of persons with disabilities, welfare, social entrepreneurship, social support, sheltered workshops, empowerment of persons with disabilities

  The present study was conducted to identify the key success factors in the Kermanshah Province Industrial Estate Company. In the first stage, the factors affecting the success of this company were comprehensively identified and categorized, and based on that, a key factor model was developed. In the next step, practical and effective solutions were presented to improve the performance and increase the productivity of the industrial estate company. This study was conducted with a mixed approach and applied purpose. In the qualitative section, data were collected through purposive sampling and in-depth semi-structured interviews. The statistical population included university professors with relevant specialized experience, experts from the Kermanshah Province Industrial Estate Company, industry owners and businesses located in the province's industrial estates, as well as relevant documents and texts. Sampling in the qualitative section continued until theoretical saturation was reached; in such a way that no new data was added to the previous data in the seventeenth interview onwards. Qualitative data were coded using thematic analysis method and Brown and Clark's six-step thematic analysis process was used. The results of the thematic analysis were categorized into basic themes, organizing themes, and overarching themes. In the quantitative section, the key success factors model in the industrial estate company was evaluated. Data were collected through a questionnaire derived from qualitative findings and the statistical population was similar to the qualitative section. 35 valid questionnaires were collected. The face and content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by experts and its construct validity and composite reliability were confirmed through structural equation modeling. Quantitative data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics such as mean and frequency and inferential statistics including structural equation modeling using    version 27 and SmartPLS version 4 software. In this section, the conceptual model resulting from the qualitative analysis was validated and its validity was confirmed.

Today, limited energy resources and increasing world population have faced countries with an energy consumption crisis. Considering the contemporary and rapidly changing society, renewable energies are emerging as a key element in advancing environmental resilience and energy independence. The limited resources of non-renewable (fossil) energies and the increase in environmental pollution caused by excessive consumption of fossil fuels are considered problems in energy consumption. These factors increase the importance of renewable energy consumption. The issue of environmental pollution and economic issues has led to the emergence of an approach called green economy. This goal will not be achieved unless the causes and obstacles to achieving it are analyzed. Although there are numerous studies on the effects of renewable energies, few studies have been conducted on the impact of renewable energy consumption on green growth and life expectancy. With the aim of filling this research gap, the effect of renewable energy consumption on green growth and life expectancy in RECAI countries will be examined using a wavelet-based quantile-on-quantile regression model.

The present study aims to present a model for the adoption of artificial intelligence in human resource management with an emphasis on improving organizational technological entrepreneurship (case study: Kermanshah Provincial Health Insurance Organization) in Kermanshah Province. This study is applied in terms of purpose and is a qualitative research using the grounded theory method. The statistical population of this study was all experts in various relevant communities, such as experts in the field of human resource management, faculty members with relevant resumes and backgrounds, and other experts in this field. 18 people were surveyed in semi-structured in-depth individual interviews using a non-probability purposeful sampling method using the snowball method until saturation was reached. Data analysis was performed using the content analysis method. Based on the results of the study, causal, contextual, intervening factors, main phenomena, strategies, and consequences were identified through three stages of open, axial, and selective coding using MAXQDA 2022 software. The findings showed that the obtained categories were categorized into 26 categories in 6 main categories, which included the following causal factors: competitive advantages in adopting artificial intelligence, managerial and organizational capabilities, technical and technological infrastructure, challenges and barriers to adoption, and factors facilitating adoption. Contextual factors included organizational characteristics, technological characteristics, external environment and market, human and behavioral characteristics. Also, intervening factors included training and skills development, management and leadership support, organizational culture and technology adoption, data and infrastructure quality, communication and information. Strategies included training and development of human resources, management and leadership support, improving infrastructure and data, increasing employee participation, developing evaluation and motivation models, creating a culture of innovation and learning, strengthening internal and external communications, and the consequences were improving human resource performance, strengthening technological entrepreneurship, increasing technology adoption and culture, improving organizational efficiency, and better strategic decision-making. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that for success in adopting new technologies, it is of great importance to develop managerial and organizational capabilities through holding special training courses for managers and clarifying the goals of artificial intelligence for all levels of management.   

   This research has identified and prioritized the factors affecting the development of IoT-based businesses. Given the rapid growth of IoT technologies and its impact on various industries, identifying and prioritizing these factors is essential to improve the performance and productivity of businesses. In this research, the existing literature on the Internet of Things and related businesses is first reviewed. Then, using analytical methods and statistical tools, the key factors affecting the development of these businesses are identified and prioritized. Initially, in-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with specialists and experts in the field of IoT in IT companies to identify the factors affecting the development of IoT businesses. After extracting the codes obtained from the interviews, the main concepts were identified, which included 6 factors: and to prioritize these factors, an AHP questionnaire was used, which was distributed among specialists and experts in the field of IoT. The results of the questionnaire were prioritized using Expert Choice software, which included the following factors in order: financial factor, technological factor, cultural factor, political factor, human factor, and managerial factor. The results of this study showed that factors such as investment in infrastructure and Internet network, as well as reducing product and cryptocurrency costs, are important components in the success of IoT-based businesses. Finally, this study provides suggestions for managers and decision-makers to improve and develop IoT-based businesses.

  Acquiring housing is one of the country's economic goals. One of the factors influencing housing prices is income distribution. With the improvement of income distribution, the price of housing decreases. Using the statistical evidence of Iran, the present study investigates the effect of income distribution policy on housing prices in the period of 1395-1400 in the provinces of Iran. In this regard, the panel data approach is used. The results obtained from this research show that income distribution has a positive and significant effect on housing prices. In other words, with the increase in income inequality, housing prices will also increase. Regarding housing demand, the results indicated a positive and significant effect of housing demand on housing prices.

Many digital businesses face challenges such as accurate analysis of consumer behavior, personalization of advertising, and optimization of marketing strategies. This thesis examines how these challenges can be overcome and marketing decisions can be improved by using artificial intelligence models. In this research, a survey method and a questionnaire tool were used to collect data. The statistical population includes managers and marketing experts in digital businesses. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS software to examine the impact of using artificial intelligence on marketing decisions. The objectives of this research are to identify the benefits and challenges of using artificial intelligence in digital marketing, to present efficient models of using artificial intelligence in marketing decision-making, to analyze the impact of artificial intelligence on the efficiency and effectiveness of marketing campaigns. and to propose solutions for optimizing marketing strategies using artificial intelligence. The results of this research show that the use of artificial intelligence can lead to improved accuracy in data analysis, increased customer satisfaction, and optimization of marketing strategies. The findings of this research can help digital businesses make smarter decisions and improve marketing performance. Keyword: Investigating the model of using artificial intelligence on marketing decisions in digital businesses

   One of the main problems of Iran's economy is the high inflation rate. Several factors are effective on the high inflation rate in Iran's economy, and their identification is of particular importance. In this research, the effect of commercial banks' debt and the government's budget deficit on inflation in Iran has been discussed. In this regard, the present study investigates the effect of commercial banks' debt and government budget deficit on the inflation rate in Iran's economy by using Iran's economic statistics during the period of 1385-1401 and applying the vector autoregression error correction method with distributional interval. The results of the estimates have shown that the debt of commercial banks to the central bank has a positive and significant effect on the inflation rate in the Iranian economy. This indicates the role and share of high-powered money on the high inflation rate of the Iranian economy. The results of the estimates have shown that the debt of commercial banks to the central bank has a positive and significant effect on the inflation rate in the Iranian economy. This indicates the role and share of high-powered money on the high inflation rate of the Iranian economy. Bank profitability variable also has a positive and significant effect on the inflation rate in Iran. Bank profitability variable also has a positive and significant effect on the inflation rate in Iran. Also, the estimation results show that non-current claims have a negative effect on the inflation rate in Iran. Also, the estimation results show that non-current claims have a negative effect on the inflation rate in Iran.

  Energy poverty refers to social and economic problems that are different from poverty in its traditional sense and originates from the need of households to allocate an inappropriate share of their income for energy services. In Iran's economy, the inefficiency of the houses without households becomes energy services, the use of dangerous fuels, the consumption of consumable fuels to provide the energy needed at home, for cooking and heating. In such cases, governments should present themselves to solve the problems of energy poverty along with other perspectives. However, little attention seems to have been paid to reveal the effects of government spending on energy poverty in developing countries, especially in Iran's economy, which is often criticized for inefficiency in public spending. In this regard, this study investigates the asymmetric effects of government spending on energy poverty in Iran using the NARDL approach during the period of 1380-1400. The results of the hypothesis test showed that public expenses, as an indicator of government performance, have a non-linear relationship with energy poverty. Also, the variables of economic growth rate, income distribution and good governance also have a non-linear relationship with energy poverty.

  The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the obstacles to the development of Internet businesses in Khanaqin, Iraq, in the field of sports. The research is practical in terms of purpose and has used the qualitative research method. The study population of the research includes experts and experts in the field of internet businesses, professors of the physical education department of Gramian Khanaqin University in Iraq, which was conducted using the snowball sampling method in the qualitative part of 15 in-depth semi-structured interviews. . The validity and reliability of the research tool was confirmed by selecting the appropriate sample and reviewing the participants. In the qualitative section, the codes were checked and extracted using the content analysis method. The findings indicate the extraction of 7 main categories and 16 subcategories. Identified barriers include; Technological barriers, legal-security barriers, barriers related to customers, managerial barriers, economic barriers, social cultural barriers and marketing barriers. In the following, for each of the barriers, solutions and suggestions were provided for managers to provide excellent customer support through various channels such as online chat, email, or phone to address customer questions and solve problems quickly.

In the past decade, there has been a significant growth in innovative businesses and startups in the healthcare sector, which have brought about major transformations in the industry by leveraging technology and innovation. The aim of this research is to "identify the challenges and provide solutions for the formation of innovative businesses in the healthcare sector". This research is non-experimental and descriptive (survey) in terms of design and data collection, and in terms of purpose, it is applied and developmental, and from the perspective of the method, it is mixed (qualitative-quantitative), with the qualitative part being conducted using content analysis and the quantitative part using the fuzzy Delphi method with a screening and prioritization approach. The population under study in this research included experts in the field of innovative businesses and startups in the healthcare sector, their mentors and consultants, entrepreneurs and founders of innovative companies in the healthcare sector, healthcare specialists and researchers, and representatives and managers of healthcare organizations. The data collection tools in the qualitative part were semi-structured interviews, and in the quantitative part, a fuzzy Delphi questionnaire. The results of this research showed that the most important challenges faced by innovative businesses in the healthcare sector include licenses and regulations, economic and financial issues, knowledge and technology environment, organizational and team structure, market and marketing, entrepreneurial ecosystem, technology and communication level, social and ethical issues, healthcare system, education and empowerment of individuals and teams, technical and technological limitations, international environment and foreign market, research and innovation system, knowledge and technology transfer, and cultural environment. The most important solutions identified to address these challenges include political and legal solutions, financial and economic solutions, knowledge and technology solutions, organizational and cultural solutions, marketing and service solutions, empowerment of individuals and teams, technological and innovative solutions, utilization of health system data and information, development of cooperation networks and knowledge sharing, and promotion of sustainable development based on health technologies.   

  پژوهش حاضر با هدف، شناسايي

  Abstract Culture can be considered one of the most important factors affecting the development of entrepreneurship in universities. Most of the entrepreneurial culture in today's societies is influenced by the institutionalization of the culture of science in the society. Entrepreneurial universities can facilitate the achievement of the third mission of the university, namely economic development, through the spread of entrepreneurial culture in universities. The aim of the current research is to provide a model for culture in an entrepreneurial university. This research is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of qualitative approach, and it was carried out by using the foundational data theory method (Strauss and Corbin). According to the purpose of the research, the studied community of experts in the field of culture and entrepreneurship in Razi University were considered. 15 people were selected from among this community according to indicators such as experience, expertise, desire, ability and availability through purposeful and theoretical sampling. Based on this, professors from the management, entrepreneurship, economics, sociology and university executives, including the growth center and the industry and society liaison office, were interviewed. The views of the participants, which were organized through the interview protocol, were collected and analyzed. The analysis of data in this section was done using the classical fundamental theory method (Strauss and Corbin) during a regular process and at the same time continuous comparison of data in three stages of open, central and selective coding, formulation and design of the theory. . The main components of the Grenand Theory method in this research briefly include: Causal factors that are expressed with sub-categories (scientific, managerial, systemic and entrepreneurial orientation); Contextual factors that are expressed with sub-categories (personal, social, relational and knowledge); The intervention factors that were expressed with the sub-categories (facilitation, implementation, support, belief and education); the strategic factors that were expressed with the sub-categories (legal, content and interaction); And finally, the results of the actions taken, which include financial, developmental and occupational categories. The general proposal of the research: The structure and university system should be revised in the layers and levels that lead to changes in management and education methods and practices. In order to achieve this goal, the university, as the scientific and economic driving force of the society, should incorporate the entrepreneurial culture and use it as an emphasized norm.

   Abstract The general purpose of this research was to present a model for the development of entrepreneurial behaviors of women entrepreneurs in Iraqi Kurdistan. The approach of the current research was qualitative and practical in terms of purpose, and it was carried out by the method of data base theory (grounded theory). The community studied in this research included all experts and key informants in the field of the subject under study, such as women entrepreneurs, specialists and experts in the field of women's entrepreneurship in Iraqi Kurdistan. In this research, theoretical saturation was achieved by interviewing 22 people. In order to analyze the data, the three-stage pattern of open, central and selective coding was used. The method of data analysis was three-step coding. According to the findings of the research, the phenomenon in this study is "the development of entrepreneurial behavior of female entrepreneurs in Iraqi Kurdistan", based on the interviews conducted with the studied community and library studies, in the total research coding process, there are 105 concepts, 34 subcategories and 10 main categories. Which includes five categories of "causal conditions", "contextual conditions", "intervening conditions", "adopted strategies" and "consequences of adopted actions". Causal conditions in this research include four categories such as "economic factors" with 5 subcategories (marketing development, competitiveness development, increased risk taking, economic networking, economic stability), "professional factors" with 1 subcategory (empowerment and development of job centers), " "Psychological factors" with 3 subcategories (development of creativity, psychological factors, increasing psychological security) and "technical factors" with 1 subcategory (resolving technical problems and providing raw materials). It is suggested that the authorities and operators should plan to amend and adopt the necessary laws and regulations for the development of women's entrepreneurial culture, the stability of costs and prices, and take the necessary measures, and also the laws governing businesses should be redesigned in such a way that women entrepreneurs can Having the independence to act. KeyWords: Development of entrepreneurial behaviors, Women's entrepreneurship, Iraqi Kurdistan.

The general purpose of this research was to present a paradigmatic model for the revival of ecotourism businesses in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province in the post-corona era. The approach of the current research was qualitative and applied in terms of purpose, which was carried out with the method of data base theory (grounded theory). The community under study in this research includes all experts and key informants in the field of the subject under study, such as experts, experts and planners, and experienced ecotourism business owners with relevant educational qualifications in the field of the subject under study at the level of Chaharmahal province and It was Bakhtiari. The sampling method of the current research was purposeful and theoretical. In this research, theoretical saturation was obtained by interviewing 30 experts. In order to analyze the data, a three-stage pattern of open, central and selective coding was used. Based on the results of the interviews, there are 181 concepts and 21 categories describing causal conditions with 5 categories (including economic-financial factors, educational factors, mental-psychological factors, technical-infrastructural factors and sanitary-health factors), background conditions with 2 categories (including managerial factors and marketing-advertising factors), conditions An intervention with 4 levels (including environmental factors, legal factors, social factors and support factors), the phenomenon of "revival of ecotourism businesses in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province in post-corona" with 4 concepts, effective measures in revitalizing ecotourism businesses in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province with 4 >KeyWords: Revival of businesses, Tourism, ecotourism accommodations, Post-corona era. The general purpose of this research was to present a paradigmatic model for the revival of ecotourism businesses in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province in the post-corona era. The approach of the current research was qualitative and applied in terms of purpose, which was carried out with the method of data base theory (grounded theory). The community under study in this research includes all experts and key informants in the field of the subject under study, such as experts, experts and planners, and experienced ecotourism business owners with relevant educational qualifications in the field of the subject under study at the level of Chaharmahal province and It was Bakhtiari. The sampling method of the current research was purposeful and theoretical. In this research, theoretical saturation was obtained by interviewing 30 experts. In order to analyze the data, a three-stage pattern of open, central and selective coding was used. Based on the results of the interviews, there are 181 concepts and 21 categories describing causal conditions with 5 categories (including economic-financial factors, educational factors, mental-psychological factors, technical-infrastructural factors and sanitary-health factors), background conditions with 2 categories (including managerial factors and marketing-advertising factors), conditions An intervention with 4 levels (including environmental factors, legal factors, social factors and support factors), the phenomenon of "revival of ecotourism businesses in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province in post-corona" with 4 concepts, effective measures in revitalizing ecotourism businesses in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province with 4 >KeyWords: Revival of businesses, Tourism, ecotourism accommodations, Post-corona era.   

   Abstract The present study was conducted with the aim of designing and evaluating a local model to investigate the effect of entrepreneurship education on the development of entrepreneurial behaviors in Soliko company. The approach of the current research was mixed (qualitative-quantitative), in the qualitative part of the content analysis method and in the quantitative part of the descriptive-correlation method, it was investigated using the structural equation modeling method. In this research, the community studied in the qualitative part included experts who have scientific expertise and work experience in the field of entrepreneurship and entrepreneurship education, which includes university professors, experts and researchers who have indicators such as experience (at least ten years), appropriateness of the field of study. , have a doctorate degree, teaching experience at the university, research and authoring experience in this field, and also experienced managers with relevant degrees of Soliko company. In the quantitative part, the statistical population included all managers and employees of Soliko Kale company, numbering nineteen thousand people. In the qualitative part, the participants were selected using the purposeful sampling method, which sampling continued until theoretical saturation was achieved. In the quantitative part, there were 384 employees and managers of Solico company, who were randomly selected using the Morgan and Krejci table. In the qualitative section, in order to present the model of the effect of entrepreneurship education on the development of entrepreneurial behaviors, the technique of qualitative content analysis was used using the qualitative software MAXQDA version 2020. In the quantitative section, data analysis in two sections of descriptive statistics (including frequency, frequency and ...) and inferential statistics (including structural equation modeling) were performed using    version 25 and PLS version 3 software. In this research, the results showed that entrepreneurship training in Soliko has 10 dimensions, such as training and awareness, business planning, facilitating innovation and product development, financial management, human resource management, communication and team skills. Risk management, networking, problem analysis and problem solving, and social responsibility were identified, and also the dimensions of developing entrepreneurial behaviors of Solico company employees included 6 dimensions such as empowerment, encouraging employees, teamwork, flexibility, creating an active environment, and risk taking. The results of the research hypothesis also showed that entrepreneurship education directly affects the development of entrepreneurial behaviors by 60%, so in general, it can be concluded that entrepreneurship education has an impact on the development of entrepreneurial behaviors of Soliko company. Therefore, in this regard, it is suggested to the managers and officials of Soliko company to introduce the employees of the organization to the field of entrepreneurship and technology by holding courses and workshops related to the management of startups, in order to provide the opportunity to share and strengthen innovative ideas, and - also the employees of the organization support to create bold vision and new opportunities among them by increasing their experience.       Key words: entrepreneurship education, entrepreneurial behavior, development of entrepreneurial behaviors, Solico company, mixed approach.   

Inflation is one of the economic problems that has affected many countries, including Iran. Inflation causes many social and economic problems, and most economists and politicians are looking for a solution to curb inflation. Several factors affect inflation, including the increase in the price index of imported goods, increase in exchange rate, positive and negative shocks of oil income, uncertainty and volatility, increase in the population of the consumer age group, increase in liquidity, expansionary financial policies and budget deficit. Inflation expectations are one of the main causes of inflation in Iran. As mentioned, one of the variables that affects inflation in Iran is liquidity and monetary base. The country's bank balance sheet has been facing a widening imbalance for many years with the overdraft of the banks from the central bank and the government's budget deficit. Therefore, in this research, quantitative estimation of the effect of banks' mismatches on inflation in Iran has been done. In this research, the statistical data of 1370-1400 were used, and the models used are OLS method and quantile regression. The results of the research in the OLS method show that all variables have a significant effect on inflation and also the quantile regression method shows that with the increase in the growth rate of the banks' debt to the central bank, the growth rate of the government's debt to the central bank and the exchange rate in quantiles. high and low, inflation increases, and the growth rate of the production gap and the openness of the financial market have a negative and significant effect on inflation.   

   The current research was conducted with the aim of comparing entrepreneurial ability, job search beliefs and career self-concept in female students of technical-professional and theoretical branches. The statistical population of the research includes all female students studying in the twelfth grade in Kermanshah city in the academic year of 1402-1401. (N=5557) of which 359 people were selected using stratified random sampling, 240 of them were from theoretical fields and 119 from technical fields. The main tools of the research were Shafi Abadi and Rezaei occupational self-concept questionnaire (1376), Salehi employment beliefs questionnaire (1384) and Zandi's entrepreneurial abilities questionnaire (1392). The validity of the questionnaires was confirmed by the supervisors and experts, and the results of the reliability test of the questionnaires using Cronbach's alpha coefficient showed that they have good reliability. Data analysis was done in two parts of descriptive and inferential statistics using    version 26 software. The results of the research showed that there is a significant difference between the female students of the technical-professional branch and the theoretical branch in terms of entrepreneurial abilities and job search beliefs. Different departments see, but technical students hope more to start their own business and manage a job that they create themselves, also, conservatory students are trained in such a way that they enter the job market after getting a diploma, so the beliefs The positive regarding employment among them is strengthened; But in the case of high school students, the material they learn in textbooks has no direct relation with the job market, and on the other hand, by observing the amount of university graduates who are unemployed, they feel hopeless about finding a suitable job. Regarding the occupational self-concept component, no significant difference was observed between the two groups, and this means that the third hypothesis of the research was not confirmed, the result obtained may be due to the fact that technical and theoretical students at this age are still exploring their future careers. And they have not reached full self-awareness in the field of work. Key words: entrepreneurial ability, job search beliefs, job self-concept, student

   Abstract he phenomenon of body management and cosmetic surgery has attracted the attention   of Iranian women, including Ahvaz women, in recent years. In today's era, manipulating and regularly controlling the body has become a new tool for building a personal identity. The present study was conducted with the aim of analyzing the economic and social consequences of cosmetic surgery among women. The method of qualitative research and the method of data collection was interviews with 20 women aged 15 to 55 in Ahvaz. Based on the analysis of the interviews and the concepts extracted from it, there are 57 conceptual codes, two categories of economic and social consequences, three main themes and 18 sub-themes. These concepts were logically related to each other. Body management as a social phenomenon has positive and negative consequences that has been able to influence the socio-economic relations of the individual and the family. The evidence shows that working and educated women, by manipulating their bodies, produced the most results such as career promotion, entrepreneurship, change of work relations, change of family relations, which led to important social economic changes at the level They became society. Keywords: body management, surgery and cosmetic procedures, economic and social consequences      

پژوهش حاضر باهدف بررسي تأثير سرمايه انساني و سرمايه اجتماعي بر كارآفريني سازماني در بيمارستان‌هاي شهرستان كرمانشاه انجام گرديد. اين پژوهش ازنظر هدف كاربردي و ازنظر نحوه‌ي گردآوري داده‌ها توصيفي و از نوع همبستگي است. ابزار گردآوري شامل پرسشنامه‌هاي سرمايه انساني (اميري،1391)، پرسشنامه سرمايه اجتماعي( ناهابيت و گوشال،1996) و پرسشنامه كارآفريني سازماني (دس و همكاران،2003) بود.جهت تجزيه‌وتحليل داده‌هاي پژوهش از نرم‌افزار آماري21-    و روش‌هاي آمار توصيفي شامل ميانگين و انحراف استاندارد، گلموگروف اسميرونوف و روش آمار استنباطي تحليل رگرسيون استفاده شد. نتايج پژوهش نشان داد كه متغيرهاي سرمايه انساني و سرمايه اجتماعي بر(كارآفريني سازماني) تأثير دارند. ضرايب رگرسيوني متغيرهاي سرمايه انساني و سرمايه اجتماعي نشان داد كه   سرمايه انساني   با 52/0=?،3/0=t   و سرمايه اجتماعي با 17/0=?،34/0=t   مي‌توانند بر كارآفريني سازماني تأثيرگذار باشد.همچنين سرمايه دانش، تخصص، مهارت ،ساختاري، شناختي و ارتباطي واريانس كارآفريني سازماني را تبيين مي­كنند.

  Abstract: The current research has been carried out with the aim of identifying and prioritizing the challenges of tourism businesses in the field of social security. The research is practical in terms of its purpose and has benefited from the research method. The population studied in the research includes the managers and administrative personnel of the Social Security Organization, Cultural Heritage Organization, hotels, travel and tourism service companies, who were interviewed using the snowball sampling method in the qualitative part of 16 in-depth semi-interviews. It was structured and in the quantitative section, 50 samples of experts in this field with the most expertise were selected. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire was verified by experts in the qualitative section by selecting a suitable sample and reviewing the participants, and in the quantitative section, the validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha (0.72%). In the qualitative section, the codes were checked and extracted using the content analysis method. The findings indicate the extraction of 6 main categories and 9 subcategories. The main categories are; The challenges of the tourism field are the issues of laws and regulations, the challenges related to the social security organization, and finally the challenges of the policy making field. The findings of the qualitative section were prioritized with the help of the Friedman test method, and according to the analysis, the lack of definition of new laws appropriate to the present time with the rank (09/64), the vagueness of the contracts in the field of tourism businesses with the rank ( 13/63), lack of precise definition of tourism jobs and its separation from other areas with a rating (06/62), more focus of the social security organization on the treatment sector than the tourism sector with a rating (05/62), lack of appropriate laws And according to the field of tourism with a rank of (61/87), the lack of discounts and suitable privileges for the insured and pensioners of the field of tourism with a rank of (61/31) and insufficient information of the organization and other active departments in this field with a rank of (60/67) ) has the highest priority and factors; Inappropriate efficiency of current tourism centers with a rating (17/49), seasonal and temporary employment in tourism businesses with a rating (12/25), employers' unwillingness to insure personnel in this area with a rating (25/27), a decreasing trend Attracting tourists with a rating of (25.29), low growth of tourism businesses in Iran with a rating of (25.33) and poor advertising with a rating of (25.78) had the lowest priority according to the respondents. Therefore, it is suggested that managers provide training for employees and the integration of information in the organization. Key words: challenge, business, tourism, social security

Investigating the impact of perceived social responsibility on customer satisfaction and loyalty according to the moderating role of brand image (case study: Aindeh Bank)Abstract: As social and environmental demands from stakeholders are growing, businesses such as financial institutions must highlight these issues in their operations and increase consumer trust. The commitment of banks to comply with social responsibility can lead to the improvement of their currency, reputation and image, which will lead to the acquisition of more loyal customers. The purpose of this research is to investigate the impact of perceived social responsibility on satisfaction and customer loyalty, considering the role of brand image modifier in Aindeh Bank, Kermanshah. The research method is descriptive; In terms of examining how variables affect, it is cause and reason and is applied in terms of purpose. The information for the research has been obtained through the study of theoretical foundations and a questionnaire of 165 people, which was randomly distributed among the clients and users of the services of the Aindeh Bank of Kermanshah in 1402, and To analyze the data, structural equation modeling PLS technique has been used.The findings of this research showed that the customer's perception of the bank's social responsibility has a positive effect on customer satisfaction and loyalty; Customer satisfaction has a positive effect on customer loyalty. Also, the results showed that brand image has a moderating role on the effect of bank social responsibility on customer satisfaction, and brand image has a moderating role on the effect of customer satisfaction on loyalty; But the moderating role of brand image on the effect of bank social responsibility on customer loyalty is not significant

   The family, in terms of quantity and quality, can be the main concern of the thinker and seeker and nurture the spirit of the idea of ??the people in it. While the algorithm is efficient and searchable in the field of work and production in the society, the positive actions of the non-performers motivate the child towards the direction and direction of the activity so that the mind can be integrated and fruitful. Such individual availability of non-economic resources is considered to be of value in capturing new airspace. The role of parents in caring for their parents in the world is how to embody social values ??for their children, shaping their future personal lives and paving the way for a healthy economy. Therefore, the atmosphere within the family, especially the parental guidelines, gives this possibility to the children to pass on the habits and beliefs of the past to the other members of the family, to reconcile the new way of doing business and self-regulation. In this regard, the purpose of this research is to examine the effect of parents' research on the purpose of entrepreneurship (active study of entrepreneurs in Kermanshah tourism). The Entrepreneurial Society of Kermanshah is active in tourism. The sampling method is randomly simple and is used to determine the sample size of the Cochrane formula which has a sample volume of 330 mm. The library's research tools are standardized research libraries and testimonials that are credited with the Alfie Kronbach method 770/0. In this research, we have examined the effect of parents' observation on the purpose of entrepreneurial rotation (active study of entrepreneurial rotation in Kermanshah). Analysis and analysis. The results of this study indicate that various factors affect parents' intentional entrepreneurial activity (active study of entrepreneurial activities in Kermanshah). The family, in terms of quantity and quality, can be the main concern of the thinker and seeker and nurture the spirit of the idea of ??the people in it. While the algorithm is efficient and searchable in the field of work and production in the society, the positive actions of the non-performers motivate the child towards the direction and direction of the activity so that the mind can be integrated and fruitful. Such individual availability of non-economic resources is considered to be of value in capturing new airspace. The role of parents in caring for their parents in the world is how to embody social values ??for their children, shaping their future personal lives and paving the way for a healthy economy. Therefore, the atmosphere within the family, especially the parental guidelines, gives this possibility to the children to pass on the habits and beliefs of the past to the other members of the family, to reconcile the new way of doing business and self-regulation. In this regard, the purpose of this research is to examine the effect of parents' research on the purpose of entrepreneurship (active study of entrepreneurs in Kermanshah tourism). The Entrepreneurial Society of Kermanshah is active in tourism. The sampling method is randomly simple and is used to determine the sample size of the Cochrane formula which has a sample volume of 330 mm. The library's research tools are standardized research libraries and testimonials that are credited with the Alfie Kronbach method 770/0. In this research, we have examined the effect of parents' observation on the purpose of entrepreneurial rotation (active study of entrepreneurial rotation in Kermanshah). Analysis and analysis. The results of this study indicate that various factors affect parents' intentional entrepreneurial activity (active study of entrepreneurial activities in Kermanshah). Keywords: Entrepreneurial Entrepreneurship Entrepreneurship Entrepreneurship Parents

  The world registration of Oramanat region as the 26th world heritage of Iran in the UNESCO organization has doubled the importance of this region from the west of the country. Considering the many capacities of Oramanat region to attract tourists and the proper use of the world registration points to make this area known as a tourism pole at the international level, the aim of the present research is to find effective factors in branding the tourist destination of Oramanat in the form of a model. is. The review and study of related texts and research indicates that several factors are involved in the branding of a tourist destination and it ultimately brings significant benefits for tourist destinations, although due to the specific characteristics of a destination, branding it has certain difficulties. has its own In terms of the type of objective, this study is considered to be an applied research, which was carried out by a mixed exploratory method and during two qualitative and quantitative stages. In the qualitative part, interviews were conducted with 15 experts in the field of tourism, which included university professors, officials and activists in this field, first in a targeted manner and then in a snowball way, to identify the effective factors in international tourism branding in Oramanat region, and finally, with the analysis method The qualitative content of these factors were categorized into concepts and categories. In the quantitative part, the same sample people present in the qualitative part of the questionnaire were given pairwise comparisons in order to prioritize the obtained factors, and finally, hierarchical analysis was done in the Expert choice software environment for data analysis. Based on the findings of the research, 9 main factors were identified for the international tourism branding of Oramanate, respectively, the importance of infrastructure and facilities with a weight of 0.218, the factor of attractions with a weight of 0.179, and the factor of marketing and advertising with a weight of 0.170 received the highest score. have. Administrative, political and legal factors, tourists and agencies, building and stabilizing the brand, social, cultural and economic with weights of 0.108, 0.107, 0.074, 0.073, 0.047 and 0.025 are also in the priorities. are next. Among the limitations of this research, we can mention the non-cooperation of some members of the sample to conduct interviews and complete the pairwise comparison questionnaire, the lack of access to some tourism activists and officials in the region, and the excessively long process of interviews and data collection.

  Abstract During the last three decades, the countries that are members of the Economic Cooperation and Development Organization have moved their production model towards the knowledge-based production model, especially the production of high-tech products, in order to increase the per capita income of their country. According to UNIDO data, in 2021, the largest share of Iran's industrial export structure is source-oriented, and the share of high-tech products is about half a percent, which has caused Iran's per capita income to be low compared to other countries in the region. The knowledge-based production method requires attention to the prerequisites for achieving this production model. South Korea is a successful example of the leading countries in the field of production and export of nanotechnology products. The set of actions of this country in its nanotechnology market includes the cultivation of human skills, the development of appropriate communication infrastructures, investment in research and development of high-tech products, attention to the importance of innovation, and the support of the South Korean government to small and medium-sized companies. In this research, following the introduction of the most important prerequisites for the realization of the knowledge-based production model, the most important variables affecting the growth of nanotechnology products in Iran, and also investigating the effect of each of the variables on the growth of nanotechnology products in Iran through the estimation of the GMM model over a period of time. 1390-1400 and introducing some policies for reforming production methods in Iran.According to the research findings, the cost of research and development, working manpower, capital stock and the degree of openness of the economy are the most important factors affecting the growth of nanotechnology products in Iran, as well as the importance of lifelong learning, the importance of innovation, information and communication infrastructures. Appropriate, change in management methods and government support are the most important prerequisites for the realization of this production method. In this regard, the most important strategic policies for increasing nanotechnology production, including science, technology, and innovation policies, as well as policies for direct support, indirect support, catalytic financial support, and policies for improving macro conditions and infrastructure development, have been introduced. Keywords: knowledge-based economy, nanotechnology, South Korea, strategic policies

  urpose: The present research was conducted with the purpose of presenting the conceptual model of entrepreneurial university with a skill approach in Iraqi students of Razi University. Method: This research is exploratory in terms of its purpose and practical in terms of its use. The implementation method of this research is database. The statistical population of this research included experts, professors in the field of entrepreneurship and entrepreneurs. The required data were collected using targeted sampling with the snowball method and semi-structured in-depth interviews with experts. Max Kyuda version 22 software was used for data analysis. . Based on the results of the research, the causal, contextual, intervening factors, main phenomenon and strategies and consequences were identified during three stages of open, central and selective coding using MAXQDA 2022 software. Findings: The findings showed that the obtained categories were categorized under 31 sub-categories and 12 main categories in 6 main categories, which causal factors include; Infrastructural factors and human factors, the central category including organizational factors and structural factors; The strategies mentioned monitoring and implementation and technology. Background conditions have been emphasized on organizational attitudes, beliefs and strategies, and include intervening conditions, legal factors, and political factors. Also, the consequences included financial and social factors. Results: Creating and expanding academic entrepreneurship requires simultaneous attention to all structural, content and contextual aspects. In addition to this, the implementation of the entrepreneurial university model requires the formulation of entrepreneurial policies and perspectives, conducting internal and external studies, the formulation of specific strategic and operational plans for each university, and the continuous implementation and evaluation of these plans.

  This study was

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   The concern of knowing and mastering the future has always been one of the inherent curiosities of mankind; Curiosity that is mixed with financial interests has increased its value. The science of futurology deals with knowing and discovering the future with a practical view. This approach requires every business today. The present study was conducted with the aim of future research of the health products market of knowledge-based companies in Kermanshah province. The research approach used is mixed. The statistical sample of the research included 16 experts from knowledge-based companies that produce health products, who were selected based on the purposeful snowball sampling method. In various parts of the research, as needed, various tools such as in-depth semi-structured interview, group discussion, review of documents and questionnaires were used. The findings of the first stage of this study were based on the identification of 24 key indicators, which were categorized into four categories of opportunities, threats, strengths and weaknesses according to the SWOT matrix, and subsequently the market development strategy was formulated and presented. Using the Delphi-fuzzy analysis approach, the most important strategies for planning in the future for the development of markets were identified and prioritized in 32 strategies, which were divided into 8 categories. The results indicate that the knowledge-based companies that produce health products in Kermanshah province should continuously analyze the environment and market with appropriate planning to create valuable resources in the future, have a successful presence in domestic and foreign markets, and effectively deal with sanctions. As well as dealing efficiently with unexpected events, and besides developing knowledge and new technologies, they should give importance to employing expert and efficient people, especially in the field of marketing.

University graduates are often sent to the job market with the aim of playing a role in the majority of abilities and knowledge. What is taught during education should create changes in people's insight, knowledge and skills so that after education, the needs of the society can be answered. Apart from the quantity of graduates, there must be quality and harmony between what is needed and what is taught; But one of the issues that the education system of many countries of the world is facing is the degree of matching the needs of society with the education of universities and educational centers.   The issue that can be raised is that in many cases, these requirements are not related to the acquired knowledge and skills of the graduates, or the emerging needs due to environmental changes suggest the need to change the existing fields or create new fields. Based on this, changing the title or contents of courses and creating interdisciplinary courses is a solution to overcome these problems. This research is carried out in order to examine the degree of conformity of the real needs of the labor market with the characteristics of management graduates, and it is faced with the problem that to what extent the characteristics of university graduates in the management field are compatible with the market needs? If there is a difference between the market's needs and the output of the universities, what measures should be taken to close this gap? The current research is a type of applied research that has been done with both quantitative and qualitative methods. In the qualitative section, after interviewing 17 experts in educational fields, and open, central and selective coding on the interviews, finally a conceptual model was drawn for the development of additional technical education in the university. Data collection in the qualitative part continued with the snowball method until theoretical saturation was reached. After drawing the conceptual model, structural equation method was used to verify the model with smart pls software. The statistical population in this section included decision makers and influencers in the field of education as well as students and graduates of management fields. The number of samples in this section was 120 people. The results of checking this section with the software also indicate the relative fit of the model with quantitative data. In summary, the findings of this research have shown that the development model of additional technical education is affected by various factors that can be >  

   Today, entrepreneurship is one of the most important components of the development and excellence of organizations, economic development, fostering creativity and tools to eliminate unemployment, and it has been given serious attention these years. Organizational entrepreneurship as a branch of entrepreneurship is of interest to organizations to create value and develop and improve themselves. The insurance industry, as one of the most important economic sectors of the society, should focus on organizational entrepreneurship and organizational creativity for its development, value creation, impact on the unemployment rate, and in one word, the economic development of the society. Something that has not been given serious attention so far and seems to be facing obstacles. Understanding the importance of organizational entrepreneurship, this research seeks to identify its obstacles in the country's insurance industry. The current research, which is a qualitative research, was conducted with the method of qualitative content analysis and with the snowball data collection method until theoretical saturation. It should be mentioned that the statistical population of this research is the managers and activists of the country's insurance industry.

  With the advent of toxins in the food chain, people's awareness and sensitivity to the destructive consequences of excessive use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides on the environment increased. Over the past few decades, excessive use of chemical pesticides to control pests and plant diseases has created many problems for humans, the environment and other living organisms living in natural habitats, so that by consuming toxins in food production farms, toxins have entered the human food chain. One of the consequences of human diseases is one of its consequences. On the other hand, since medicinal plants are a subset of agriculture, their proper and planned exploitation can lead to economic prosperity and solve many problems in the pharmaceutical, food, cosmetic and environmental industries; Therefore, in the face of environmental, social and economic impacts, industrial cultivation; The production of sustainable and healthy food and medicine seems more vital than ever. Therefore, the formation of green entrepreneurship is mainly focused on increasing environmental issues and its development can play an important role in creating sustainable employment, reducing environmental problems, reducing diseases and illnesses caused by the consumption of unhealthy food and chemical drugs. The main purpose of this study is the strategic analysis of green entrepreneurship in the field of medicinal plants in Kermanshah. This research is applied in terms of type of purpose and based on the nature in the exploratory mixed research group (qualitative-quantitative). Targeted and snowball sampling was conducted with 16 farmers cultivating medicinal plants, managers and experts of Jihad Keshavarzi, natural resources experts and activists in the field of medicinal plants in-depth and semi-structured interviews. In the data analysis stage, all the information obtained from the interviews, after being handwritten, was repeatedly reviewed and re-read, and the initial codes were extracted from them. The codes that referred to a concept and were placed in a category were then placed in a concept, and the concepts related to a category were placed in a category on a more abstract level. Then, in order to explain and analyze the current situation regarding green entrepreneurship in the field of medicinal plants, a list of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats was extracted. Based on the research findings, the obtained categories including 5 categories as strengths, 4 categories as weaknesses, 6 categories as opportunities and 7 categories as threats were extracted. In a small step, to rank the SWOT factors and sub-factors and select the best strategy, in the form of AHP-SWOT technique and using Expert Choice11 software. According to the findings, green entrepreneurship strategies in the field of medicinal plants include: use of appropriate infrastructure and capable forces to improve the employment situation, reform of decision-making methods, planning and policy-making to improve the employment situation, strengthening supervisory and control systems. Quality of life of individuals in society, strengthening marketing, advertising and education by using specialized and capable forces, creating coordination between decision-making institutions using elites in order to make maximum use of suitable substrates of medicinal plants, strengthening marketing and programming Effective policymaking in the field of green entrepreneurship is the use of efficient oversight systems to integrate the power of decision-making institutions.

Just as the importance of entrepreneurship in today's societies is not hidden from anyone, the value and importance of entrepreneurship education in reducing unemployment and sustainable development of countries is an inescapable issue; On this basis, in our country, every year an increasing number of universities and governmental and non-governmental educational centers turn to entrepreneurship education, but the issue that is very important is the pathology of entrepreneurship education because if there are major injuries in the body of university entrepreneurship education and Failure to respond properly will waste all the funds spent in this area. Accordingly, this study aimed to investigate the pathology of entrepreneurship education at Razi University with the help of the four-dimensional F   model and to analyze the possible damages of this complex in four functional, process, structural and systemic dimensio   Therefore, with the help of the integrated (quantitative-qualitative) approach, among the 4570 students who passed the General Entrepreneurship Unit in different faculties in the academic year 1399-1400, 357 people were selected as a statistical sample and their opinions were assessed using a questionnaire. It was found that entrepreneurship education in Razi University is in a relatively unfavorable situation in the functional dimension and in a relatively favorable situation in the process, structural and systemic dimensions. In the next step, ie in the qualitative part of the research, in order to achieve useful solutions to improve the situation, the opinions of 5 relevant experts and professors were collected with the help of interview tools and the content of 15 documents, articles and researches in this field. Content analysis was reviewed and then practical solutions to eliminate the existing harms and improve the general situation of entrepreneurship education in Razi University of Kermanshah were proposed.   

The main purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of the Covid-19 crisis on businesses in the tourism sector of Oramanat region of Kermanshah province and to provide solutions to address them in the crisis. The research was quantitative-qualitative in nature and with inductive approach. Quantitative data were collected by Khosravi standard questionnaire (1400) and the data were analyzed by    26 software. Qualitative information was obtained through interviews and this information was analyzed by coding method using qualitative content analysis. The study population in this study is in the quantitative part of tourism business owners who used the census method for sampling and in the qualitative part were field experts and experienced business owners who were selected from the purposeful method. The Corona crisis was one of the new crises that, in addition to endangering human health, had unprecedented effects on various businesses, including tourism businesses. The closure of businesses in this area and the lack of income and unemployment of people had a negative impact on employment and had a great economic impact on the families involved. Using the results of the questionnaire, we prioritized the dimensions of business resilience, according to which the economic capacity in the first priority and the dimensions of policies and support, socio-cultural, communication-information capacities, The psychology of human resources, foresight and opportunity, changing and modifying marketing strategies, adhering to health protocols, brand identity, situational awareness, human resource management and adaptation are in the next priorities, respectively. And using the results of the interview, strategies such as government support and banking policies, improving the economic conditions of the people, compliance with health protocols by the people, changing and reforming business strategy, insurance coverage, human resource management and economic capacity to help The resilience of tourism businesses in the crisis was presented.   

   Entrepreneurship is an economic activity, because a new business is started and managed with the intention of creating value and financial profit and through the optimal use of limited resources. The aim of this study was to investigate the factors affecting the entrepreneurship of rural women in Nahavand. This research is based on the purpose of applied research and is based on the nature and method of descriptive research. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire and the statistical population of the study consists of women entrepreneurs in rural areas of Nahavand city, in which a total of 110 people, as a sample, were surveyed. Its validity was confirmed by the supervisor, consultant and relevant experts. The reliability of the questionnaire was calculated using Cronbach's alpha coefficient, which indicates the desired reliability. To analyze the data obtained using Smart PLS software version 3, descriptive statistics and inferential statistics were performed and also found There is a direct relationship between individual factors, family factors, economic factors, socio-cultural factors and entrepreneurship of rural women, based on the results of path analysis, the impact of individual factors (0.556); Family factors (0.125); Economic factors (0.398); Socio-cultural factors (0.349), which shows the impact of all identified factors on entrepreneurship of rural women. Finally, individual and economic criteria had the greatest impact on entrepreneurship of rural women. Keywords: Entrepreneurship, Women, Rural Women, Nahavand County

Abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of social support, loyal behaviors and attractiveness of technology on social business. The present study was applied in terms of purpose and correlational in terms of descriptive method. This study was applied in terms of method and regression in terms of descriptive-correlational purpose. The data required for this study were collected by Molino et al.'s (2019) Social Support Questionnaire, Liang Shen et al.'s (2019) Technology Attractiveness, Bintztack et al.'s (2003) Loyal Behaviors (2003), and Adenour (1397) Social Business Statistics. All students in Arak who are in Islamic Azad University, Arak University and Payame Noor University of Arak who buy from Digi Kala site and have had the experience of buying from this site at least once, which according to Cochran's formula for this volume of society, 379 Subjects were selected for stratified sampling. Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics were used to analyze the collected data. The results showed that social support has a positive and significant effect on social trade, loyal behaviors on social trade and technology attractiveness on social trade. Keywords: social support, loyal behaviors, technology attractiveness, social business   

   Today, the ecotourism industry has become one of the important sources of income for the villagers. IT, as an empowerment and integrator of the value network in the ecotourism industry, can play a significant role in the development of this industry and in addition to increasing local employment, increasing the income of local people and capabilities of rural areas. This study aims to provide a model for the developing ecotourism industry in Iran with an emphasis on IT. This research is a qualitative research that has been done by content analysis and Delphi methods. In the content analysis method, the indicators of the initial model have been extracted and this model has been completed and tested by the Delphi method. The statistical population in the content analysis method included all texts related to the research topic and in the Delphi method were experts and university professors specializing in e-tourism and e-tourism industry which 30 experts cooperated until the end of the third round. Sampling method was done in content analysis method using counting and in Delphi method using snowball. Based on the findings of the first part of the research, 38 indicators have been identified, and in the second part, 24 indicators have been added to model, of which six of the identified indicators have not been agreed by experts. The research model includes 56 indicators, 34 components and 9 dimensions (including legal infrastructure, financial infrastructure, mobile commerce infrastructure, e-advertising management, content marketing, customer relationship management, e-HRM, local partnership and software infrastructure). In this research, an innovative model for the development of ecotourism industry is presented. Although many studies emphasize on tourist attraction, this model encompasses all three stages of tourist life cycle management, which include attracting, maintaining, and developing a relationship with the tourist. Also, the proposed model covers the four approaches existing in the theoretical foundations in the field of eco-tourism industry development, which include the four perceptual, behavioral, service and educational perspectives. The proposed model of this research has raised issues far beyond the aforementioned views. Attention to all the extracted indicators of this research model in all its dimensions is suggested as practical suggestions for the development of ecotourism industry.

Universities play an important role in the development of entrepreneurship Achieving economic growth in today's knowledge-based societies, effective communication between the university and society is an important development in the development of any country. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of strategic analysis of Razi University Community Relations Office and presenting possible scenarios as one of the most important communication channels between the university and the community to develop these collaborations this research is applied in terms of purpose and is based on two approaches : combined approach ( swot - ahp ) and future research approach . in the qualitative part , purposive sampling and snowball sampling were used. after nine interviews with experts , theoretical saturation was obtained . in quantitative section , in order to assign weighting coefficients to each swot factors , paired comparisons questionnaire was provided to experts and strategy formulation was developed with two approaches : aggressive , defensive , conservative and defensive approaches for extracting the scenarios with a view of futures studies, the analysis of reciprocal works was presented to experts and the scenario of scenario software was presented in five different types of strategies.   

  AbstractProviding career counseling is one of the most important methods to strengthen and improve self-efficacy in decision making and reduce career path indecision. If the consultation is based on scientific and practical principles, it will have very beneficial effects on the decision-making process. Appropriate career counseling is essential for students, especially high school students, who are usually on the verge of multiple thoughts and beliefs and are preparing for multiple academic and career choices. Due to the importance of the subject, this study investigates the effectiveness of Career counseling based on Krumboltz learning theory on decision-making self-efficacy and career path indecision of female high school students in Islamabad Gharb. The purpose of this study is to measure the effectiveness of job counseling on decision-making self-efficacy and job indecision. The statistical population of the study is female high school students in the 98-99 academic year in the western city of Islamabad. The sample size was selected through multi-stage cluster sampling and a questionnaire test so that among those who received the lowest score, 30 specific people were selected and randomly divided into two groups. After completing the questionnaire, this number was selected from the people who received the lowest score and was randomly divided into two groups of 15 controls and experiments. Then, based on the protocol of the training sessions, the experimental group was give 8 sessions of 1/5-hour job counseling using the post-test-pre-test method. The collected data were then evaluated and analyzed using analysis of covariance. Findings show that job counseling based on Cromboltz's learning theory has a significant effect on decision-making self-efficacy and decision-making career path of students and has led to enhanced self-efficacy and reduced indecision in students. And this significance was (0.001) and (0.00), respectively. Also, the findings of the follow-up test to evaluate the stability of these effects for the variables of job decision self-efficacy (0.098) and career path indecision (0.081) showed. Therefore, the conclusion obtained from the analysis of the findings was that career counseling affects the self-efficacy of decision-making and indecision of students' career path, and this effect has lasting effects on students.

   Today,­start-ups have a­significant impact on economic growth and job creation,and the success of ­start-ups ­such as Tapsi, Snape and Cafe Bazaar in creating employment indicates this issue. But these businesses face many obstacles and challenges in their development path,which are the main­reasons for the high rate of failure of these businesses,so in the present study, the aim is to determine the­­ indicators for identifying the space of new knowledge-based businesses­(start-ups)­­­that these indicators are ­used ­to continuously monitor the business environment.­This research is­applied in terms of exploratory purpose, in terms of applied results and in terms of type of qualitative research­ category.In order to achieve the research objectives, firstly, through the transcendental method,the initial­­indicators were extracted.In the next step, with 12 owners, managers and experts in this field who were selected by judgmental method, face interview In this stage, the aimwas to identify new indicators and appropriate to the ecosystem of­ Kermanshah province, analysisand coding of­interviews transcriptswas performed by MAXQDA content analysis technique and MAXQDA software version 2020.Validity and reliability of the coding process was also confirmed.­­Finally, by aggregating and combining the results of the previous two stages,final indicators­(the same challengesand barriers to­business space) including two categories­ of survey and statistical ­components­were determined.­

The history of human civilization has been plagued by a series of crises caused by epidemics, wars and catastrophes, each of which has had a significant contribution to the change in the activities of human societies. The present study was written with the aim of analyzing the model of consumer behavior in crisis situations and providing an appropriate marketing solution (Case study: Corona virus crisis on small and medium enterprises), It has been written. For this purpose, five main steps were prepared to achieve the objectives of this study. In the first step, the effects and consequences of the outbreak of COVID-19 on consumer behavior in Iranian society were studied and identified, which resulted in the presentation of a four-part model at the beginning of the fifth chapter. In the third step of the research, which is a kind of entry into the quantitative phase and field study of the research, the collected data from the qualitative part were measured and tested to check their accuracy. Then, in the fourth step of the research, a model for predicting consumer behavior in crisis situations was prepared and adjusted. Finally, in the fifth step, in addition to presenting the research process model, solutions to get out of the current problem were suggested to businesses. The research methodology was a combination of two quantitative and qualitative approaches (mixed approach) and using nest logic; For this purpose, in the qualitative section, using the qualitative research interview method and systematic analysis of Strauss and Corbin, data were collected and collected. How to collect data in the qualitative part using judgmental sampling and snowball and based on a sample of 20 people consisting of experts and experts aware of the subject was done. Interviews (semi-structured) were then conducted to achieve theoretical saturation, and data analysis was performed through qualitative or interpretive content analysis. Then, in the quantitative part, the quantitative part was made by using a survey method and preparing a researcher-made questionnaire, the validity and reliability of which were confirmed. The accuracy of the data was measured in the qualitative part. The statistical population of Kermanshah province and the sample size selected in the quantitative section were selected by Morgan et al. Table above 384. Quantitative data analysis was performed using    software. The findings of the qualitative sector indicate profound changes in consumer behavior, which were >  

The current study aimed to investigate the challenges of the rural tourism and provide solutions for strengthening it in Eivan county. The research framework is quantitative and it uses descriptive survey approach. The study population contains tourists, villagers, and experts in the tourism field. By using the Krejcie - Morgan table, the sample size was 364. For the expert and villager groups, a simple random sampling method was used, and for the tourist group, an available random sampling approach was employed. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire whose validity was confirmed by a number of tourism professors and rural experts. Reliability of the questionnaire constructs was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha. The data obtained from the distribution of questionnaires was analyzed by using   25 software. Rural tourism challenges in this county were ranked using the weighted coefficient of variation. The most important weaknesses were the lack of government planning and investment, inadequate accommodation and welfare equipment, and the lack of publicity from the authorities regarding the existing tourist attractions. The local mountains and their high peaks for sports and recreation such as mountaineering and hiking, and the beautiful and unique landscapes along with green space and gardens in these areas, near the central city of Eivan, were identified as the most important strengths.   The most important rural tourism opportunities in this region are approval of supporting laws for the tourism industry, the existence of certain credit lines for the development of it, the government officials support for development of this industry using the employment-generation strategy, and increasing the motivation among the people of neighboring cities for travel and recreation in the study area. Increasing the desire and motivation of tourists to travel to other nearby recreational areas, improving the facilities and services among competing recreational areas, and the lack of the licenses and facilities by the government to expand tourism in these areas were identified as the most important threats to rural tourism in Eivan city. According to the results, solutions were proposed to strengthen rural tourism in Eivan county.   

   Today, due to the significant role of marketing in various aspects and the need to recognize it, studies in this field are very important. Political marketing is also an interdisciplinary scientific aspect in marketing, sociology, political science and communication sciences due to the current complex and transitional conditions, and studies that can determine its dimensions have already attracted the attention of experts and activists in this field. Due to the lack of a specific background based on inquiries from the Irandac system regarding the effect of political marketing on increasing the soft power component, in this study, political marketing tools and soft power tools were identified and their effects were studied. The effect of political marketing is to increase the soft power component of the Islamic Republic of Iran. For this purpose, in this exploratory mixed research (qualitative and quantitative), first in the qualitative phase, semi-structured and in-depth interviews were conducted with 10 experts, and with the help of content analysis, categories of both interviews and secondary data including books, internal and external articles, Archives of interviews of news agencies, websites and virtual network channels, including the channel of the Center for Political Marketing Studies affiliated with the Center for Growth of Imam Sadegh (AS) University, were identified. In the quantitative phase of the research, by preparing a researcher-made questionnaire and conducting an expert survey among 46 people from the statistical population, assuming (N = n), the categories were tested and the validity of the questionnaire was valid in two parts: validity and reliability (Cronbach's alpha was calculated 0.895). done. Quantitative research results were obtained using   26 software based on Friedman test and the identified categories of qualitative phase were classified. These results showed that in order to attract tourists and foreign investors, the use of political marketing is necessary to increase soft power, and this component was ranked first. Accordingly, various types of diplomacy such as public, official, sports, cultural, communication, event, etc. diplomacy were considered as the most important international political marketing techniques and won first place. National self-confidence was the most important indicator of international political marketing, according to experts, which ranked first among other indicators. Incoherence of programs and strategies in the field of international political marketing was the first constraint on the use of international political marketing, and this constraint was recognized as the most important constraint among the existing constraints. The most effective foreign policy discourse of the Islamic Republic of Iran in order to take advantage of international political marketing, the discourse of international detente was identified with realism and purpose. Regarding the current situation and position of the country, the position of the Islamic Republic of Iran was historically and culturally ranked first, but the country's position in terms of export products was ranked eighth among the questions related to the current position, which indicates that in This is a weakness. Therefore, in the suggestions section, separately and for each question, based on the ranks obtained through Friedman test, practical and research explanations are included.

  Considering the

The need of the society for food supply is increasing due to the high population growth, with the main share being the agricultural sector, especially the livestock sector. But given that the protein industry, especially in the poultry sector, is still being traditionally managed, it has not been able to keep pace with community needs. And it seems to be one of the important factors in the fabrication part of the industry, so this article, taken from a similar research, looks at this from the point of view of industry experts and after The issue is addressed in the production and supply chain in the poultry sector, while referring to a complete, independent, upstream and downstream supply chain of financing methods including consortiums, bank credentials, Crowd Funding and banks.

AbstractThis research, except for exploratory (qualitative-quantitative) mixed methods research in the field of theory, was designed to design a comprehensive model of academic entrepreneurship ecosystem with open innovation focus and adaptation rate of Razi University to this model. In the qualitative part of the research, content analysis method and grounded theory method were used to analyze the findings.Participants were 15 academic experts and professors with experience in commercialization or writing in the field, selected through snowball sampling. Data gathering tools were in-depth qualitative interviews with open-ended questions and method of data analysis through open, axial and selective coding.Finally, to arrive at a comprehensive model of 15 themes in the academic entrepreneurship ecosystem and in the categories of causal conditions (inter-university funding, extracurricular communication), contextual conditions (external financial contexts, internal educational contexts, macro education system, cultural factors) Macro, intercultural, human capital), intervening conditions (internal support institutions, external support institutions, motivational factors, internal policy, macro policy making), interactions (intra- and extracurricular networking) and outcome (acceptance of third academic mission) And finally the model of the researcher Was presented. In the other part, the barriers to open innovation were identified through in-depth interviews and seven content-based approaches to content analysis.In the quantitative section, the statistical population consisted of faculty members with five years of experience in Razi University, who were selected using proportional stratified random sampling. Data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire and extracted from the qualitative section. In the quantitative section, the ranking of the factors of importance at Razi University was performed by Friedman test, and the status of each component was assessed through descriptive findings. That the university is in a better position than the rest in terms of cultural context, educational context, and human resources. Finally, according to the results of the research, the researcher made suggestions regarding the academic entrepreneurship ecosystem and improvement of academic entrepreneurship conditions at Razi University.

The purpose of the present study is to identify, analyze and rank the factors affecting the development of cultural tourism in Kermanshah province using fuzzy AHP and fuzzy DEMTEL and fuzzy TOPSIS approach.This research is applied in terms of purpose and is one of the descriptive-survey research.In this study, 4 dimensions and 20 indicators influencing cultural tourism development in Kermanshah province were selected based on research literature and interviews with experts and experts.The questionnaires were then collected by experts and experts.Analyzes suggest that in prioritizing dimensions, the economic dimension is more concerned with natural, environmental, cultural, social, political, and security dimensions.The economic dimension was identified as the most important dimension, as well as the natural and environmental dimension as the most influential dimension.The analysis of indicators showed that according to tourism experts in Kermanshah province, respectively, indicators of beautiful natural attractions, government investment, numerous historical and archeological attractions, local markets and private sector participation are superior to other indicators.

AbstrctToday the tourism in dustry as a key part of the world economy, has been able to achieve the worlds third-largest income generating position. So that different countries, whether developed or developing, each seek to reach the stage of expantion or sustainability of the industry. The main purpose of this applied research is the to analyze the role of cultural tourism management in sustainable tourism development in Kermanshah, which was conducted in three qualitative- qualitative- quantitative phases. Content analysis method was used in qualitative part and descriptive survey method was used in quantitative part. The study population consisted of the first phase of research, tourists, managers, experts, and Faculty of Tourism in Kermanshah City, and in the second and third phase of research, managers, experts, and professors of tourism in Kermanshah City. Sampling method in qualitative section of this study was purposeful and theoretical (for managers, experts, and professors) and snowball (for tourists), through in-depth semi-structured interviews with 17 people in the first phase and 12 people in the second phase. Theoretical saturation was obtained. In the quantitative section, 12 xeperts were given AHP quastionnaive. The validity and reliability of the qualitative part of this study were confirmed using the triangulation technique, and in the quantitative part, the validity of the questionnaive designed by the experts, and its reliability due to the inconsistency rate(0/01) obtained in expert choice11   oftware, were confirmed, and   use the Excel2016 tool for the statistics section. Based on the findings of the qualitative section, the strengths in the field of cultural tourism management with 23 open source and 4 concept, weaknesses in the field of cultural tourism management with 48 open source and 11concept, as well as sterategies for sustainable tourism development in Kermanshah, it and 26 open source and 7 concept. Prioritization of strengths and weaknesses based on their frequency count showed that: organizational and institutional weaknesses with frequency (45) and weaknesses with advertising (45), most important weaknesses, and appropriate investment capacity with frequency (42) and holding training courses frequently, the most important strengths are in the field of cultural tourism management. In the quantitative part, the prioritization results showed that strategies: Education and culture with final weight (0.227), improving the management status of tourism compliance organizations with final weight (0.198), developing new programs and attitudes with final weights (0.188), facilitating financial support with the ultimate weight (0.163), making citizens with the ultimate weight (0.088), improved infrastructures and facilities with final weight (0.087), improve the advertising position with final weight (0.47), They won until the sevent. Therefore, relying on strengths and overcoming weaknesses in the field of cultural tourism management, and the adoption of strategies in this field, the development of tourism in Kermanshah City was the fundamental steps of harvesting, and control of sustainability in the industry. Also, it is suggested that the organization of tourism trustee in the field of tourism services, from educated people in contexts, tourism, employment and... To use.   Key words: tourism development, Sustainable tourism, cultural tourism, Management, Kermanshah city.

               Abstract    Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate entrepreneurship development indices in Rural tourism cooperatives in Kermanshah province with emphasis on sustainable tourism. Methodology: This study is an applied, quantitative, and descriptive survey method. The statistical population of this study consists of all members of board of directors and managers of rural tourism cooperatives in Kermanshah province with 290 members. According to Cochran formula, 165 people were selected as sample.   The sampling method used in this study was stratified random sampling. A researcher-made questionnaire was used for data collection. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by experts and the reliability of the questionnaires was calculated by Cronbach's alpha coefficient and was calculated to be 0.856 which indicates that the questionnaire had good reliability. Then, to analyze the data and test the research hypotheses from descriptive indices (frequency distribution table, mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (t-student test) in    software version 25 used. Results: The results of data analysis showed that the most important indicators of entrepreneurship development in the province's tourism co-operatives were economic indicators with average rating (3.40), infrastructure and institutional indicators with average rating (3.23), individual indicators with average. Ranked (3.13) and social and cultural indices averaged 2.83. Conclusions and Recommendations: The findings of this study show that economic indicators are the most important index in tourism development, especially in less developed areas, because people in these areas are low in terms of economy and income diversity. Policymakers and planners in the country should pay more attention to tourism and its importance, especially in less developed areas, such as pristine rural areas, while allocating more funds to these areas for tourism development to provide them with the least possible benefits. Keywords: Cooperatives, Rural Tourism Cooperatives, Entrepreneurial Development Indicators, Kermanshah Province.

Every community has diverse minorities. Changing the gender of the pepol as a sexual minority group that has the dilemma and importance of families and communities, revives the world, are different from the rest of society as a whole. The purpose of this study is to assess the quality of the world historically in Kermanshah, which has experience in their lives. In this research, a range of theories related to identity and tra  exual sexuality have been used: these theories are: the theory of identity of Ericsson, the cognitive theory of Kelberg identity, the theory of sexual orientation, the role of the cognitive-psychological approach, the social and cognitive approach to gender disorientation Each of which focuses on certain aspects of recognizing this minority's gender. The methodology of this study is qualitative and methodology has been used for this research. The data gathering method was: Deep View and Interview - Structured Seminar with 10 Data Exchanges. Selection of contributors has been used for targeted sampling and then data collection has been stopped based on theoretical considerations - the concept of research. The research data have been reviewed and presented by the content analysis method. The findings of this research show that there is a change in the data with various issues in society, culture, family, psychology, identity, education, occupation, physical and sexual, legal, and medical, which solve these issues by strengthening the protection of Families of culture-building, promotion of individual abilities, as well as improving interpersonal relationships with the help of psychologists, counseling, sociology and the assignment of this area are possible.  

The present study has been done to investigate the Effectiveness of Positive Skills Training on psychological Hardiness and Self –Compassion in Male Substance Dependent during treatment With Methadone. Research type was semi-experimental with pre-test, post-test design with control group. Population of this study was all in Male Substance Dependent during treatment With Methadone that to addiction treatment clinics in Kermanshah academic year 2019. 30 students were selected through available sampling method and assigned in 2 groups (experimental and control) randomly. The experimental group received 8 training sessions for positive thinking skills. The research instruments include Ahwaz psychological hardiness questionnaire Kayamrathi, Najjarian and Sohrabi-zadeh Honarmand (1998) and Self –Compassion Nef (2003). The gathered data were analyzed through MANCOVA and ANCOVA. The results showed that there was a significant difference between the two groups in terms of psychological Hardiness and Self –Compassion. Based on the results it con be said that the Positive Skills Training on psychological Hardiness and Self –Compassion in Male Substance Dependent during treatment With Methadone is effective.

  Commercialization of research outcomes is an important step in innovation system which ensures the resistance and continuation of research and according to this issue , in addition to providing prominent economical values for organizations ,it accelerates knowledge based economy in society. Universities are faced with increasing amount of new research commercialization and decreasing in older activities such as teaching and researches. Development in university research commercialization has opened a new way to privatization of scientific shares and scientific development. Razi university is one of the most authorized universities in Iran, which publishes many articles in different fields in scientific journals in a year. Mechanic engineering group in technical engineering collage is one of the active group in this field in university. So it is essential to do more efforts about commercialization of research outcomes in this group. The purpose of this research is designing a model for commercialization of research outcomes in chemistry engineering group.This research has qualitative approach and has used grounded theory method for model extraction. Sample data were extracted by studying documents, literature and interview with 13 universities professors. Data analysis was done in 3 steps including: open coding step, axial coding step and selective coding step. Model elements include, background factors, interloper factors, axial phenomenon guidelines and commercialization outcome that were extracted. According to   result for commercializatio   of research outcomes in mechanic engineering group some bases should be provided such as: mechanic engineering group awareness about industrial units needs and problems, industrial units awareness about professors ,s research and education background, providing financial infrastructure, revising in professor evaluation system, team working sprit and risk taking and privatization , keeping moral ownership, providing scientific lessons and practical discussions and accordance with industry requirement in mechanic engineering group and supervision in research budget allocation. Commercialization constraints in this group include: the difference between professor attitude and view point and workmen, lack of clarifying in industrial units problems and needs definitions, week background of professors in workmen view, financial problems and lack of experimental facilities in university, the lack of purposeful scientific visits of students and professors, and neglecting training units and lack of group work. So, demand based research and market analysis, university management positive view in commercialization, encouraging and work group and group cooperation with chemistry engineering group, mediator between industrial units and mechanic engineering group, changing in problem and needs of industrial units to research preferences in units according to industry are among cases that facilitate commercialization way in chemistry engineering group. Finally we propose a practical suggestion for improving commercialization in university especially in chemistry engineering group.

  E-learning opportunities and threats

AbstractThis research was done for strategic analysis in Razi University’s incubator using SWOT Model in 2016. This Research was conducted Exploratory mixed method, from goal is applied and for gathering data are divided into two methods of qualitative content analysis and Survey. Studied society is employees, officer and located business unites in Razi University’s incubator, Sampling in qualitative of research is Purposive sampling and In the quantitative of research is Census. In research study with 10 persons of society have been studied who are expert and have high level of information in the field of strategic Managment and incubator conditions to receive theoretical saturation were interview and then based on the results of interviews and questionnaires were prepared. The validity and reliability of qualitative research based on input from respondents, professionals and the way how to record and decode the interview was confirmed by technical experts. Also the content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by experts and its reliability by using Cronbach Alpha’s method. Data analysis on two inductive qualitative content analysis and descriptive statistics were performed using      _win19. In the qualitative analysis of 11 strengths and 11 weaknesses, 14 opportunities and 12 threats were obtained were the incubator of Razi University is facing. In the section of quantitative analysis also priority of the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats were discussed. Finally, with regard to the factors affecting the incubator of Razi University facing and put them in the SWOT matrix, 24 strategies for its further development was suggested.  Key words: incubator, strength point, weakness point, opportunity, threat  

AbstractThe purpose of   this study has been to investigate the relationship between triple knowledge dimensions with entrepreneurial intention of second grade students of Kardanesh conservatory in district 3 of Isfahan city in 94-95. Three dimensions of knowledge include theoretical knowledge, practical knowledge, and compatibility knowledge; and components of entrepreneurial intention were based on Ajzans theory of planned behavior (1991) which includes attitudes towards entrepreneurial behavior, subjective norms, and behavioral control perception. Methods of this study are in the lights of quantitative nature and applied purpose, and method of data collection is descriptive and correlational. The statistical population consisted of second grade students (male and female) of the Kardanesh conservatory in district 3 of Isfahan city. Well as the number statistical sample using the Morgan-Kerjsy table 249, based on stratified sampling method 100 females and 149 males formed with respect stratified sample data were extracted from Conservatory. In this study, two self-made questionnaire were used to collect data. To assess the validity, apparent and content validity is confirmed by professors and specialists. For evaluate the reliability the questionnaires on a group Comprised of 30 students were administered that Cronbachs alpha coefficient For questionnaire triple knowledge dimensions and entrepreneurial intention were achieved, respectively, 0.82 and 0.91 Which represents the reliability of the questionnaires. Inferential statistics including of confirmatory factor analysis of research Structure and the changing structure, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, testing hypotheses, structural equation modeling was performed using the software AMOS23. The results of the statistical analysis Show Approved Main hypothesis were of research; This means that between triple knowledge dimensions with entrepreneurial intention of second grade students of Kardanesh conservatory in district 3 of Isfahan there is a positive relationship. Also research showed among triple knowledge dimensions, theoretical knowledge and compatibility knowledge influence on all components entrepreneurial intention, But practical knowledge effective only on perceived behavioral control. According to the results hypotheses, satisfactory accomplishments For education planners to improve triple knowledge dimensions and entrepreneurial intention students of Kardanesh conservatory was submitted.

  ByMaryam Nazari    Abstrect  The recent research which has been done 1395is based on investigating   the   relationship between talent mangment and life style with health organization of the kermanshah stoking aqueous staffs.This Stady is practical regarding its nature, goal and also is correlative considering its method. The information was gathered through field study and libraries.The population include 241 stocking aqueous staffs and the statistical paradigm was stimulated through Bartlet table which equals 120 people. Here the hierarical sampling based on the number of people under study was used. The method for gathering information were: 3standard questionairs for evaluating Health Organization indicators, managing Talent and Life style which their reliability were confirmed by supervisors and consuling advisors. Validity was calculated through measuring.The amount of corbachs alpha. All data were analyzed by multiple regression tests, pearson correlative coefficient, colmogorov- smirnov test and    softwere. The results showed that there is a meaning ful and Talent relation between organization health variables and talent mangment but there is just a positive relation between Physical health variable and organization health variables among Life style variables. Absorbing talent(0/0475) had the highet correlation among talent mangment variables and talent maintenance hed the lowest correlation(0/0283) with the health organization.      Key Words: Health organization, Talent mangment, Life style, Kermanshah stocking aqueous organization.

Recently, start-ups issue is discussed in entrepreneurship assemblies severely. There are different views than the issue and various analysis in this area has resulted in a dusty environment. It is seem start-ups chance in creating productive employment played a key role but unfortunately, sometimes threats in this route is distorted the future prospects scarcely. If we want to follow the route of resistance economy in the field of productive employment, therefore should consider to stsrt-ups potential severely. Capacity which could have a tremendous opportunities ahead of self-belief and strengthen local infrastructure in the country. In this study, were looking phenomenology of the creation and growth of agricultural start-ups, barriers and solutions, to take place into qualitatively and the phenomenological method. Participants were 15 body of managers agricultural start-ups that locate their companies in the before growth and or growth stage and were supported by the science and technology park and were selected the targeted methodology and research, came to the theorical saturation during an interview with 11 persons of them. The data collection instruments were, observation, in-depth interviews with open questions and field notation and analysis of the data was performed. According to qualitative content analysis with an inductive approach and the Colaizzi method. The findings were emerged in the form of 21 initial codes and 24 concept. It was evident in the analysis of the statements of the participants that most of them belived that low the attractiveness of the agricultural sector for attraction capital to start idea driven businesses and also the uncertainty of acceptance   of the product or service by customers and farmers due to their willingness to use traditional methods, are the most important obstacles to start and growth stage for these start-ups respectively.

  The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the leadership styles with the indifference of the staff of the enterprise of Education City salas Babajani. Descriptive research method, a kind of solidarity. The Statistical Society of all first and second secretaries of the city high school high school the Salas Babajani 130 Persons. Were stratified random sampling method with appropriate statistical sampling and research assignment proportional to the size of the community with the use of a table of   Morgan, 97 persons were estimated. Measured research tools include: leadership through a multifactorial (MLQ) bass and Aliev (1997) and the organizational questionnaire was danaeifard indifference (OIQ) and Associates (1389) 5 Likert scale has. Validity of the questionnaire by faculty members of the Department of educational administration, Razi University confirmed. In order to. The research of reliability evaluation measurement tools reliability coefficient of   cronbach  hy; alpha and the combination was used. Cronbachs Alpha for Transformational leadership questionnaire, organizational indifference and Transactional leadership respectively 0.90, 0.78 and 0.94. The analysis of the data with the use of inferential tests include analysis of correlation, regression analysis; and the structural equations modeling. The results showed that the relationship between the leadership styles with the indifference of the enterprise there are negative and significant (p=0.000). most anticipated organizational indifference is estimated by the Transactional leadership (R2= 0.294). This means that the impact of the organizational leadership of the variable Transactional   is more on indifferenc.

Dramatic and wide developments occurring daily in all areas of social life and even values and culture of communities have led to recognition of entrepreneurship as an effective strategy for economic development and sustainable job creation. In this regard, we discussed the need to develop a new generation of entrepreneurs who are able to recognize and take advantage of green business opportunities. In developing countries, investment in green jobs and education of green entrepreneurship and business can be considered as a great help in order to create sustainable employment. But there are many obstacles in the way entrepreneurship entrepreneurs in the country in general and in the agricultural sector particularly. The purpose of this research was to identify Barriers and challenges the development of green entrepreneurship in Agriculture section and Provide appropriate solutions the development of green entrepreneurship. Exploratory mixed method that consists of four parts (qualitative- quantitative - qualitative and quantitative). In the qualitative section, with 12(people) experts, Managers department of agricultural jihad, Association of organic producers and Experts in the field of green products, were interviewed And in few using the results of the qualitative part, the questionnaire was prepared and stratified sampling among 190 experts department of agricultural jihad, Experts Standards Organization and Industrial Research in Kermanshah and Members of the Association of organic producers Kermanshah city Were distributed that, 181 questionnaires were returned. Then, The data obtained through questionnaires, structural equation model analysis software LISREL 8/5 were confirmed. The results suggest that three factors: structural changes, Institutionalize green entrepreneurship and Government support- patronage services has a significant and positive impact on reducing barriers to entrepreneurship development, green Explaining 68 percent the probability of its variances. Also, Results indicated that structure of the research model was confirmed based on the model fit indices and theoretical framework of the research was consistent with reality. According to our results, from the perspective of the participants, establishment of green entrepreneurship has increased most positive impact on the development of green entrepreneurship. Therefore, purchase behavior and consumption and promote culture change and promoting green consumption and production would be an appropriate basis for entrepreneurial behavior provided by farmers

  ocial Capital in order cement recognized that different components of the society holds together. This study aimed to determine the relationship between social capital with institutional voice and organizational silence in Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences in 2016-2017 years was conducted. This study from to goal applied and from data collection is descriptive correlational. The statistical population included employees of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences. The population consisted of 350 people. Evaluating the Statistical sampling size using Grjsy and Morgan Tables were estimated to number 186. The samples were selected using stratified random sampling. Data collection instrument consisted of three questionnaires of social capital Nahapiet and Ghoshal (1997), institutional voice Catharine Hames (2012) and organizational silence Vakola and Bouradas (2005). Content validity of the questionnaire in the study statistical population were approved by ten professors and experts in educational management. The tools reliability in society of this study using Cronbachs alpha coefficient method and this coefficient for social capital (0.95), organizational silence (0.85) and organizational Voice (96/00.96) were estimated. Analysis of data through Pearson correlation and regression analysis was performed using the software    V. 21. The results showed that there is a significant negative correlation between social capital and organizational silence at the University of Medical Sciences (r= - 0.678, P = 0.00). And there is a significant positive relationship between social capital and organizational Voice (r= 0.715, P = 0/000). The regression results showed that social capital can predict organizational silence on (R2= 0.46) and organizational Voice to amount (R2= 0.51). According to the results of this study based on the predictability of organizational silence and voice by social capital, using of social capital enhancement strategies have been proposed.

  Abstract Hence, the study is carried out basis on the entrepreneur effectiveness and its relation with motivation of entrepreneur in students. the present research is on the quality and quantity .The statistical of research in the quality text are professors and entrepreneur specialists of Razi university. in the quantity part 180 students include Razi technical faculty and Azad university of Kermanshah unit (passing entrepreneur unit). the velum sample in quality part determined with six persons and in quantity part 146 were selected by >  Key words : entrepreneurship education‌, entrepreneurial motivation, the effective teacher .  

  AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the impact instructional design and learning styles of students attitudes to business among on student’s Management small businesses entrepreneurship Faculty of Tehran University in the 95-94 year. Methods was quantitative nature, the purpose was Practical and for data collection descriptive survey and correlation. The study population consisted of students manage small businesses that their number was hundred Person. The number of sample that was extracted using Cochran formula, eighty. Based on stratified sampling method, as well thirty entries in 1391 year, thirty in 1392 year and twenty in 1393 year. In this study, three questionnaires were used to collect data. To assess the validity, content and face validity was approved professors and professionals. The reliability of the questionnaire instructional design, learning styles, and attitudes students to business using Cronbachs alpha coefficient equal to 83/0, 86/0 and 81/0 respectively, indicating the reliability of the questionnaire. Data were analyzed on both descriptive and inferential statistics. In the descriptive statistics, statistics such as (frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, and coefficient of variation) data and were normal in the field of statistics to confirm or reject hypotheses, since the random variable Research. Used to stepwise Pearson correlation, multiple regression analysis and comparison of means.the result of statistical analysi   The main hypothesis of this study was, in the sense that instructional design and learning styles of students attitudes are meaningful to the business relationship.   The main research hypothesis is confirmed, it means that there are significant relationship between instructional design and learning styles of students attitude to business. Component of course content and style converge with the respective correlation coefficients 545/0 and 129/0, the highest and lowest impact on their attitude to business students. There is also a difference between male and female students attitude to business. students learning style management of small businesses tehran University respectively were divergent methods and compliance procedures.