Syavash GHolipour

   One of the main problems for countries with oil resources is the existence of Dutch disease, during which, with the abundance of oil revenues, on the one hand, it is faced with a decrease in the exchange rate and on the other hand, with a decrease in competitiveness. The combination of these factors causes the economy to be highly vulnerable to external fluctuations. In this regard, the present study uses Iranian economic statistics during the period 1992-2023 and applies the ARDL approach to assess the impact of Dutch disease on the Iranian economy, focusing on the dynamics of the exchange rate and export diversity. The results of the present study show that there is a kind of causality from oil exports to the exchange rate and export diversity, but ARDL estimates show that oil revenues have improved the value of the national currency in the short term, but in the long term this effect is not statistically significant. Also, oil revenues have reduced export diversity in both the short and long term and have significantly increased the possibility of the emergence of Dutch disease. Therefore, the existence of Dutch disease in the Iranian economy has been confirmed, but given the decrease in foreign income, n recent years, this phenomenon has become less. Industrialization in the economy has significantly reduced the impact of the emergence of Dutch disease, and this is due to the nature of the development of the industrial sector in the growth of technology and innovation, ultimately foreign investment in the Iranian economy has not had a significant effect on export diversification. Therefore, improving diplomacy to remove economic sanctions and using the capacity of foreign direct investment to strengthen export diversification and using oil revenues to improve infrastructure to encourage the entry of the private sector are the most important policies to avoid Dutch disease.

   ---    This study was conducted with the aim of examining the level of satisfaction among Razi University students regarding their living conditions, the behavior of staff and employees toward students, and their access to educational, cultural, and recreational facilities. Students were asked to express their satisfaction or dissatisfaction with various factors such as dormitories, dining services, >   The theoretical foundations of this research are based on psychological theories (Self-Determination Theory) and sociological theories (Social Support Theory).   The theoretical framework of the study is primarily built upon Self-Determination Theory complemented by Subjective Well-being Theory to understand the cognitive and emotional dimensions of life satisfaction.    This research follows a qualitative approach, and its domain is Razi University. A random sample of 20 students was selected from the university population. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and observation.    The findings revealed that students' opinions about satisfaction or dissatisfaction vary according to individual attitudes in society and within the university.   While students expressed different levels of satisfaction in specific areas, overall results showed that the general level of student life satisfaction among Razi University students in Kermanshah is moderate. Only a few participants reported being completely satisfied with their student life, and most offered various opinions on different aspects.      One of the influential factors in feeling satisfied with life is having a clear purpose and a positive orientation toward life. Moreover, life satisfaction depends on individual circumstances, while social factors play a key role in increasing or decreasing it.   Other determinants such as family financial status, psychological condition, and staff attitudes toward students also contribute to satisfaction or dissatisfaction.    Students’ suggestions included reducing the cost of student living, improving the quality of dining services, ensuring better supervision of staff affairs, and engaging students in university-related work activities.    ---    Keywords: Higher Education, Student Perception, Student Experience, Student Life Satisfaction, Quality of University Life  

   Abstract In contemporary societies where globalization and cultural changes pose serious threats to the preservation of national identity, education, especially in the area of ??cultural diversity, can serve as a key tool to strengthen students' national identity. Teachers play a vital role in reducing social and cultural gaps in the classroom. These gaps, which are rooted in students' economic, cultural, ethnic, and linguistic differences, can lead to educational inequality, reduced motivation, and academic failure. The present study seeks to analyze teachers' experiences of working with culturally diverse students in the city of Urmia. Based on the content analysis of the research, in multicultural societies, cultural, linguistic, and racial discrimination, planned policies, and cultural duality are among the main challenges. However, multicultural societies also have many opportunities to enrich educational processes.Including cultural diversity that increases critical thinking, creativity and collaboration between students and cultural exchange, as well as the use of diverse teaching and assessment methods can help teachers identify and respond to the needs of each student. Despite the teachers’ emphasis on the importance of cultural diversity in various aspects such as building cultural identity, sense of belonging and communication skills, they stated that the Iranian education system, with educational centralism, cultural assimilation and ignoring the identity rights of minorities, implements a monocultural policy or the preservation of the dominant culture. They also linked the consequences of this policy to an identity crisis, an intensification of cultural duality and inhibitory learning. Finally, the teachers mentioned several suggestions such as eliminating political approaches in teaching cultural diversity, institutionalizing cultural responsiveness and ideology-free education to reform the current education system.Keywords: Urmia, focused education, lived experience, cultural diversity

   Social tolerance is one of the fundamental components of social cohesion and peaceful coexistence in multicultural societies. The city of Kermanshah, due to its ethnic, religious, and cultural diversity as well as the socio?economic transformations of recent decades, provides an appropriate context for examining the level of social tolerance and the factors influencing it. The aim of the present study is to assess the level of social tolerance among the citizens of Kermanshah and to analyze its relationship with selected individual, social, economic, and spatial characteristics.This research is applied in purpose and descriptive–analytical in method, conducted using a survey approach. The statistical population consists of citizens aged 18 and over in the city of Kermanshah. A sample of 400 respondents was selected through cluster sampling. Data were collected using a standardized social tolerance questionnaire based on a five?point Likert scale. The validity of the instrument was confirmed through factor analysis, and its reliability was verified using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient (0.916). Due to the non?normal distribution of the data, nonparametric tests including the Kruskal–Wallis test, Mann–Whitney U test, and Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient were employed for hypothesis testing.The findings indicate that the mean level of social tolerance among respondents is higher than the theoretical midpoint, reflecting a relatively favorable state of social tolerance in Kermanshah. The results of inferential analyses show that variables such as ethnicity, religion, occupation, age, income, and length of residence do not have a statistically significant relationship with social tolerance. In contrast, education level and neighborhood of residence play a significant or near?significant role in explaining variations in social tolerance. Overall, the findings suggest that social tolerance is more a context?dependent phenomenon influenced by educational and socio?spatial conditions than by individual characteristics. The results of this study can provide a basis for cultural, educational, and urban planning policies aimed at strengthening peaceful coexistence in the city of Kermanshah.

Postcolonial studies provide a critical perspective on Western knowledge about the East and how the East is constructed as the Other of the West. Cinema, as one of the hegemonic tools of power and dominance, and due to its ability to combine and edit images and create subjects while imposing a hegemonic symbolic world through cinematic tools, is one of the effective instruments in constructing the Other and perpetuating dominance. Postcolonial studies offer a new lens for understanding how Others are represented and constructed in cinema. This research, using a postcolonial theoretical framework and a discourse semiotic research method, analyzes the postcolonial aspects of cinematic works from the last four decades by Kurdish and non-Kurdish directors in Iran, focusing on the Kurdish subject as the Other of the dominant Iranian culture and its connection to the political discourses of the past four decades. To achieve the research objectives and questions, 16 films from the population of Kurdish-themed cinematic productions were selected, categorized by the following political discourses: 1) the discourse of the Revolutionary Government (1979-1989), 2) the discourse of the Reconstruction Government (1989-1996), 3) the discourse of the Reform Government (1996-2004), 4) the discourse of the Hope and Prudence Government (2004-2012), and 5) the discourse of the Hope and Prudence Government (2013-2021). The research results indicate that the representation of Kurds and Kurdistan in the first period aligns with the security-military discourse of the Revolutionary and conservative government (1979-1989) concerning the political and military conflicts between the central government and Kurdish opposition parties. The political and social changes and the rise of the Reconstruction Government (1989-1996) continued to influence the representation of the Kurdish subject and Kurdistan, with selected films from this period depicting the Kurdish subject through negative and distorted representations, such as a mercenary and savage figure. The political discourse change and the opening of the political space during the Reform Government (1996-2004) provided an opportunity for Kurdish directors like Bahman Ghobadi to represent Kurds and Kurdistan in their films. During this period, three discourses emerged, including the dominant and governing discourse, the naturalistic discourse, and the discourse of Kurdish directors influenced by the political and social atmosphere of the Reform discourse in representing the Kurdish subject and Kurdistan. With the rise of the Hope Government (2004-2012), the dominant and governing discourse continued to represent and reproduce its hegemonic approach to Kurds and Kurdistan and its Kurdish opposition parties through the lens of sacred defense cinema and military figures, using value-laden terms of violence, hostility towards the people, and dependence on foreigners, reflecting the political changes of the early revolutionary years and the Kurdish movement. In contrast, Kurdish directors' discourse, such as Salim Salavati with the film "The Last Winter," seeks a realistic and anthropological representation of the Kurdish subject and Kurdistan. With the emergence of the Hope and Prudence Government (2013-2021), a discursive shift for the representation of Kurds and Kurdistan as a cultural identity and element in Iran is established, which is reflected in the social and political policies of this discourse.

      پژوهش حاضر با تمركز بر منطقه كِسراي شهر كرمانشاه، به واكاوي فضاهاي مصرف و نقش آن‌ها در حيات شهري مي‌پردازد. هدف اصلي تحقيق، شناخت ويژگي‌ها و پيامدهاي اين فضاها و بررسي نحوه اثرگذاري آن‌ها بر تجربه زيسته شهروندان است. براي اين منظور، پژوهش بر دو پارادايم نظري استوار است: نخست «مصرف به‌مثابه هويت» كه با بهره‌گيري از نظريات بورديو، وبلن و فدرستون به بازنمايي مصرف در قالب بازتوليد هويت و تمايز اجتماعي مي‌پردازد؛ و دوم «مصرف به‌مثابه بيگانگي» كه با اتكا به ديدگاه‌هاي بودريار و لوفور، مصرف را به‌عنوان امري منجر به ازخودبيگانگي، انقطاع اجتماعي و سلطه ساختارهاي كالايي تحليل مي‌كند. روش پژوهش اتنوگرافي است، و فنون گردآوري داده‌ها از طريق مشاهده، مصاحبه‌ و استفاده از تكنيك تجزيه و تحليل گردآوري شده‌اند. يافته‌ها در سه بخش اصلي ارائه شده است:   بخش اول شكل‌گيري و تحول فضاهاي مصرف در كسرا: در اين بخش ضمن توصيف واقعيت جغرافيايي منطقه و خيابان كسرا، به تبيين فرايندهاي تاريخي و كالبدي شكل‌گيري فضاهاي مصرف پرداخته مي‌شود.   بخش دوم انواع ساكنان و تجربه زيسته آن‌ها: ساكنان كسرا به دو دسته اصلي تقسيم شده‌اند؛ ساكنان قديمي (با سابقه بيش از ده سال سكونت) و ساكنان جديد (كمتر از ده سال سكونت). بررسي مقايسه‌اي نشان مي‌دهد كه اين دو گروه ادراك‌ها و شيوه‌هاي متفاوتي از فضاهاي مصرف دارند كه بر روابط اجتماعي و كيفيت حيات شهري اثرگذار است.   بخش سوم: پيامدهاي مصرف در كسرا: يافته‌ها حاكي از آن است كه فضاهاي مصرف در كسرا پيامدهاي چندگانه‌اي به همراه دارند؛ از جمله تضعيف بازارهاي خرده‌فروشي ، ايجاد استرس و اضطراب در ساكنان، محدودسازي روابط انساني و … . اين پيامدها نشان مي‌دهد كه مصرف در اين منطقه، همزمان با شكل‌گيري الگوهاي جديد هويتي، مي‌تواند به تشديد گسست‌هاي اجتماعي و فرهنگي منجر شود. نتايج پژوهش بيانگر آن است كه فضاهاي مصرف در كسرا نه‌تنها عرصه‌اي براي بازتوليد هويت و تمايز اجتماعي هستند، بلكه به‌مثابه مكان‌هايي عمل مي‌كنند كه امكان بيگانگي، انقطاع و محدوديت در روابط اجتماعي را نيز به همراه دارند. واژگان كليدي: مصرف‌گرايي، مال‌ها، بوتيك‌ها، هويت، بيگانگي، شهر

AbstractThisdissertation analyzes the historical context surrounding the formation ofIslamic secularism in the thought of Ali Abdel Raziq, examining his seminalwork, Al-Islam wa Usul al-Hukm (Islam and the Foundations of Governance, 1925),through the framework of Quentin Skinner's intentionalist hermeneutics. Thisstudy investigates the influence of the fourfold contextual factors of 1920sEgypt on the development of secularism in Ali Abdel Raziq's thought. The principalhypothesis posits that a comprehensive examination of the intertwined set ofconditions and problems of Abdel Raziq's era, as an objective and pre-existingreality, is an essential prerequisite to the analysis of his secularist views.  Employinga qualitative-historical-interpretive methodology and Quentin Skinner'sintentionalist hermeneutics, this research analyzes four primary dimensions ofthe crisis in 1920s Egypt: the crisis of political legitimacy following theabolition of the Ottoman Caliphate, the complex domestic political situation,socio-economic transformations, and the cultural revolution.  Thefindings confirm the main hypothesis and three sub-hypotheses. It wasdetermined that Abdel Raziq, by utilizing authentic Islamic sources—the Qur'an,Hadith, and the history of early Islam—and an interpretive methodology,effectively refuted the traditional "consensus" (ijm??) on thenecessity of religious government. His dual educational background at Al-Azharand Oxford, combined with his judicial experience, was instrumental in shapinghis innovative approach.  Thisresearch offers a new understanding of the emergence of secularism within thediscourse of modern Islamic thought, demonstrating the decisive role ofhistorical context in the formation of innovative ideas. Abdel Raziq's adoptionof secularism is shown to be an indigenous response to the profound crises of1920s Egypt..  

In the contemporary world, smart economy has become a key factor in the economic transformation of countries by expanding its effects on various economic sectors, including the development of research and development, technology-based employment, innovation, and entrepreneurship. This process, relying on needs such as reducing production costs, accurate and fast documentation, efficient financial transactions, and reducing human error, not only increases productivity, but also transforms government systems, banking, and competitive markets. However, the effects of smart economy on macroeconomic indicators such as inflation and growth, especially in emerging economies, have been less comprehensively studied. This study aimed to analyze the effect of smart economy on inflation and economic growth in the BRICS countries (including new members including Iran) during the period 2005-2023. The results showed that smart economy, while strengthening economic growth through increased productivity, can increase inflation in the short term due to initial infrastructure costs. By providing a dual framework and utilizing up-to-date data, this study fills the gap in the research literature and offers a new perspective in this field.

      Abstract

   Abstract:   The study aims to investigate the motives and mental implications of young girls and women from Sanandaj regarding the category of veil (hijab) and the factors influencing the actions and reactions of young people to implement the changes that have occurred in women's veiling. Understanding the daily lives of individuals and their analysis and interpretation in terms of giving meaning to the transformational phenomenon of veiling are among the necessities of semantic analysis in the study that have been examined. The theory of social constructivism of reality is one of the theoretical foundations of the research to achieve the formed subjectivities and objectivities of the activism of individuals in society. Due to the importance of the present research problem, in order to achieve a sociological analysis of the understanding and experience of young women regarding veiling, using the interpretive phenomenological method and conducting open and pivotal interviews with 15 women, the factors influencing the understanding and lived experience of young people regarding the construction of veiling have been explained within the conceptual framework of grand theory among young women aged 18-24 in Sanandaj. Using purposive sampling, 341 descriptive codes were obtained, and all of these codes were collected and analyzed in the form of a cognitive description of the phenomenon of veiling and its understanding, under 22 interpretive sub-codes. After combining them, 28 interpretive codes and finally 5 explanatory codes were extracted as symbolic factors affecting veiling changes, intergenerational conflicts, the prestige of the private sphere, individualism, veiling valuations, and the culturization of the public sphere.    Keywords: veiling, grounded theory, female youth, Sanandaj      

رسال? پيش رو پژوهشي است دربار? تحليل مردم نگاران? «مور» و «مورخواني» نزد ايل كاكاوند در شهر هرسين و روستاهاي مجاور. چارچوب مفهومي پژوهش، «گفته»، «چندصدايي» و «بينامتنيت» در انديش? ميخاييل باختين است. روش پژوهش تركيبي از مردم نگاري و تحليل متن است. فنون گردآوري داده‌ها مشاهد? مشاركتي و مصاحب? عميق و بررسي اسناد است. فنون تجزيه و تحليل در حيط? مردم نگاري توصيف، تحليل و تفسير و در حيط? تحليل متن مقوله ‌بندي «كليمه‌ها» (اشعار) است. در اين پژوهش پس از گردآوري، آوانگاري و دسته بندي كليمه‌ها، ارجاعات اجتماعي مور استخراج شده و اجراي مور به مثابه گفته مورد تحليل قرار گرفته است. آنگاه با تكيه بر مفاهيم تئوريك «گفته»، «بينامتنيت» و «چند صدايي» متن مورها تحليل و بررسي شده است. يافته‌ها نشان مي‌دهد كه مور با پيش متن‌هاي مختلفي از قبيل آثار و متون ادبي، ديني و ... ارتباط بينامتني دارد و با شاهنامه فردوسي بيشترين ارتباط بينامتني را داراست و با تكيه بر نتايج حاصل از پژوهش و تعاريف باختين از چند صدايي و اهميت تقسيم صدا ميان افراد جامعه براي به وجود آمدن فضاي چندصدايي، مي‌توان ادعا كرد كه مور واجد امكانات چند صدايي بوده و متني گفتگومند است.  

Regulating labor relations with the passage of time and considering the expansion of industrial and production units and the industrialization of societies is an undeniable necessity. This is despite the fact that legal relations and regulations in the field of work are highly sensitive, because this not only has a significant impact on the life, livelihood and well-being of many active members of the society, but it can also affect the economic growth or decline of a society. be Iran's labor law has significant defects and errors, and for this reason, it has distanced itself from international standards in many cases. Considering the goal of reducing the unemployment rate in the fourth development program of the country, the necessity of analyzing the labor force and the existing laws related to this force should be considered. The need to review and compile this law in our country in order to improve job security and adapt and model this law with updated and developed laws such as the rules and regulations of England, seems necessary and necessary. In this research, we intend to examine the legal gaps that exist around work and workers in Iran and compare and adapt the existing laws with international standards (labor law) and developed countries such as England, and in this way take a step towards the progress of the labor force in the country.   

  The main problem of this research is to analyze and investigate non-communicable and chronic diseases as a social issue. Contrary to the approach of medicalization that limits non-communicable diseases to individual and biological factors, in this research it has been argued that social relations, including political economy relations, play the main role in contracting these diseases. Therefore, an attempt has been made to analyze non-communicable diseases in their entirety. Therefore, the main goal of this research is to reveal the social, economic and political dimensions of non-communicable diseases and emphasize the fact that non-communicable diseases have a class and social pattern. The current research method is critical and relies on political economy. The technique of data collection is documentary and the method of data analysis is also theoretical. Research findings show that the main risk factors of chronic diseases include unhealthy diet, inactivity, smoking, exposure to environmental pollution, and the distribution of these factors is influenced by social relations and socio-economic factors. Because the level of access and benefit of different strata and groups to the desired level of health requires a high social and economic status. This means that the more people have a higher class status, the healthier their lifestyle will be. Therefore, the risk factors of non-communicable diseases threaten the lower classes of society more. Adopting a social and political economy approach towards non-communicable and chronic diseases causes the identification of structural factors of society and the way of distribution of wealth and resources in society instead of individual and biological factors. From this point of view, the control of this disease requires fundamental social changes.

  Carpet is one of the Dari weaves that is popular in most areas of Kermanshah province. The most famous rugs of Kermanshah are woven in Harsin city. Harsin rugs are always famous and popular. The designs used in Harsin rugs are generally the mind of the weaver, which is the product of the weaver's taste, nature, and living environment. This research deals with the carpet production process in Hersin city. The theoretical approach of this research is based on Karl Marx. The research method is ethnography and data collection techniques are observation and interview. The findings of the research are: First part: This part deals with the history of Harsin rugs and Harsin rugs. Harsin rugs are one of the best types of rugs in Iran, which is different from products from other parts of the country. The weaving of this rug is done in a special way and high quality wool yarn and vegetable dyes are used. The second part introduces the geographical and economic location of Hersin. The third part of this research examines raw materials and tools for making rugs in Hersin city It was discussed that the findings show that the tools and raw materials of Hersin rugs are used traditionally with limited changes. In the fourth part, it examines the production of rugs in Hersin city, and the findings of the research indicate that the ownership of tools and raw materials in the workshops It is a centralized production, owned by the founders and owned by the weavers in the home workshops. The fifth section: In the fifth section, rugs were analyzed as a commodity. From their nature and beliefs, they weave mental and diverse images on rugs. The sixth part of the research also examines the importance of handicrafts, especially rug weaving in Hersin city. The results indicate that carpet production in Hersin city is done in two forms, consumption and gift, and currently, the purchase of carpets is done in retail and wholesale form by capitalists, brokers and individuals.

  The recognition policy as a practical theoretical framework can play a key role in understanding the factors that reproduce divergence in the relations between the Islamic Republic of Iran and Saudi Arabia. In the framework of this theory, the concept of recognition is formed from the two dimensions of self-recognition and the recognition of others, and its output is minimal and maximal recognition. The purpose of this thesis is to use this theory to understand the key factors of the divergence between Iran and Saudi Arabia in the context of the struggle for recognition. This article seeks to understand the mentioned issue by raising this question: "What are the roots of the continued challenge and divergence in the relations between Iran and Saudi Arabia?" In response to this question, this hypothesis is proposed that: "The struggle for recognition has been the main motive for the formation and reproduction of divergence in the relations between the Islamic Republic of Iran and Saudi Arabia and the main factor in their confrontational relations". According to the framework of the recognition theory, the findings of this research show that there is a constant struggle for recognition between Iran and Saudi Arabia. This constant struggle comes from the definition that two countries have of their identity in their definition. In most cases, the self-definition of these two countries is in clear conflict with the other. As a result, the two countries have formed identification on a fragile foundation that is never able to produce a stable and permanent relationship. This causes divergence between the two countries in the ideological-identity areas based on sectarianism, conflict in the attitude towards the role of America, tension in the area of ??influence and regional hegemony, the nuclear program, the Ibrahim agreement.

      The present study aims to investigate the state of development and its obstacles in Lekstan. The theoretical approach of this research is based on the center-periphery approach, in this sense there are areas in the form of mother cities that have a high level of development and around them there are satellite cities that are not developed, to investigate the development status of its obstacles in Lekstan from the ethnographic research method and techniques Observation, interview and document review have been used to collect data. The results of the research indicate that according to the calculations based on the statistical yearbooks, Lakstan is at the level of deprived development in terms of physical, economic, cultural and social indicators. The most important obstacles to development in Lakstan are the settlement of nomads, land reforms and development programs. did Settlement of nomads in Lekstan was a deadly program accompanied by military repression. Ili structures fell apart and the nomadic way of life disappeared. This process caused a lot of material damage. Military interventions and war and flight for more than a decade destroyed the possibility of implementing modernization programs. The second factor was land reform. The dominance of small ownership and the mountainous nature of the region made it impossible to develop agriculture, and agricultural joint stock companies and cooperatives were not established. Capitalist relations and modernization processes such as road construction, educational and health infrastructures were carried out with a delay of several decades compared to other parts of the country and on a limited scale. Industries also did not grow. After the revolution, this situation continued for three decades and a large population migrated from Lekstan to small, medium, large and metropolitan cities. Since the mid-70s, road construction and rural development such as education and health facilities have been done with attention, but still this area does not have the economic potential to attract population and reverse migration.    Keywords: settlement of nomads, land reforms, development plans, development obstacles, migration, Lakestan

   Abstract The present study was conducted with the aim of designing and evaluating a local model to investigate the effect of entrepreneurship education on the development of entrepreneurial behaviors in Soliko company. The approach of the current research was mixed (qualitative-quantitative), in the qualitative part of the content analysis method and in the quantitative part of the descriptive-correlation method, it was investigated using the structural equation modeling method. In this research, the community studied in the qualitative part included experts who have scientific expertise and work experience in the field of entrepreneurship and entrepreneurship education, which includes university professors, experts and researchers who have indicators such as experience (at least ten years), appropriateness of the field of study. , have a doctorate degree, teaching experience at the university, research and authoring experience in this field, and also experienced managers with relevant degrees of Soliko company. In the quantitative part, the statistical population included all managers and employees of Soliko Kale company, numbering nineteen thousand people. In the qualitative part, the participants were selected using the purposeful sampling method, which sampling continued until theoretical saturation was achieved. In the quantitative part, there were 384 employees and managers of Solico company, who were randomly selected using the Morgan and Krejci table. In the qualitative section, in order to present the model of the effect of entrepreneurship education on the development of entrepreneurial behaviors, the technique of qualitative content analysis was used using the qualitative software MAXQDA version 2020. In the quantitative section, data analysis in two sections of descriptive statistics (including frequency, frequency and ...) and inferential statistics (including structural equation modeling) were performed using    version 25 and PLS version 3 software. In this research, the results showed that entrepreneurship training in Soliko has 10 dimensions, such as training and awareness, business planning, facilitating innovation and product development, financial management, human resource management, communication and team skills. Risk management, networking, problem analysis and problem solving, and social responsibility were identified, and also the dimensions of developing entrepreneurial behaviors of Solico company employees included 6 dimensions such as empowerment, encouraging employees, teamwork, flexibility, creating an active environment, and risk taking. The results of the research hypothesis also showed that entrepreneurship education directly affects the development of entrepreneurial behaviors by 60%, so in general, it can be concluded that entrepreneurship education has an impact on the development of entrepreneurial behaviors of Soliko company. Therefore, in this regard, it is suggested to the managers and officials of Soliko company to introduce the employees of the organization to the field of entrepreneurship and technology by holding courses and workshops related to the management of startups, in order to provide the opportunity to share and strengthen innovative ideas, and - also the employees of the organization support to create bold vision and new opportunities among them by increasing their experience.       Key words: entrepreneurship education, entrepreneurial behavior, development of entrepreneurial behaviors, Solico company, mixed approach.   

  Abstract

   Abstract The general purpose of this research was to present a model for the development of entrepreneurial behaviors of women entrepreneurs in Iraqi Kurdistan. The approach of the current research was qualitative and practical in terms of purpose, and it was carried out by the method of data base theory (grounded theory). The community studied in this research included all experts and key informants in the field of the subject under study, such as women entrepreneurs, specialists and experts in the field of women's entrepreneurship in Iraqi Kurdistan. In this research, theoretical saturation was achieved by interviewing 22 people. In order to analyze the data, the three-stage pattern of open, central and selective coding was used. The method of data analysis was three-step coding. According to the findings of the research, the phenomenon in this study is "the development of entrepreneurial behavior of female entrepreneurs in Iraqi Kurdistan", based on the interviews conducted with the studied community and library studies, in the total research coding process, there are 105 concepts, 34 subcategories and 10 main categories. Which includes five categories of "causal conditions", "contextual conditions", "intervening conditions", "adopted strategies" and "consequences of adopted actions". Causal conditions in this research include four categories such as "economic factors" with 5 subcategories (marketing development, competitiveness development, increased risk taking, economic networking, economic stability), "professional factors" with 1 subcategory (empowerment and development of job centers), " "Psychological factors" with 3 subcategories (development of creativity, psychological factors, increasing psychological security) and "technical factors" with 1 subcategory (resolving technical problems and providing raw materials). It is suggested that the authorities and operators should plan to amend and adopt the necessary laws and regulations for the development of women's entrepreneurial culture, the stability of costs and prices, and take the necessary measures, and also the laws governing businesses should be redesigned in such a way that women entrepreneurs can Having the independence to act. KeyWords: Development of entrepreneurial behaviors, Women's entrepreneurship, Iraqi Kurdistan.

  In recent years, the concept of social welfare has received serious attention from sociologists, economists and other fields related to development, and it has always been a social concern in a country, especially in developing countries, including Iran

   ·   چكيده : (با تاكيد بر طرح مسئله، روش تحقيق و اهداف)(حداكثر 250 كلمه) در اين پژوهش تلاش داريم تا با ارزيابي تاريخي، اجتماعي و كالبدي محله آقاجان به عنوان يكي از محلات آسيب­پذير و سكونتگاه­هاي غيررسمي كرمانشاه كه آسيب­هاي اجتماعي زيادي درون خود دارد، به مطالعه شيوه­هايي بپردازيم كه يك محله به عنوان حاشيه شكل گرفته و شيوه­هاي سكني گزيدن فقراي شهري در آن را مورد مطالعه قرار دهيم. همچنين در اين پژوهش اين موضوع مورد توجه است كه چه استراتژي­ها و فرآيندهايي در طول تاريخ شكل مي­گيرد كه موجب طرد و انگ­خوردگي جمعي ساكنان اين محلات مي­شود. اين فرآيندها منجر به نوعي سوژگي در ميان ساكنان اين محلات شده به صورتي كه هويت خود را به عنوان فردي حاشيه­اي، محروم و مستحق شرايط موجود شكل مي­دهد و افراد را به پذيرش وضعيت موجود وا داشته و شرايط موجود را به مثابه امري طبيعي جلوه مي­دهد. مساله اصلي فهم سازوكارهايي است كه در وهله اول منجر به شكل­گيري اين وضعيت شده و در وهله دوم پيامدهاي اجتماعي، فرهنگي و كالبدي اين سازوكارها است. از طرف ديگر تاكيد بر اين موضوع خواهد بود كه فرآيندهاي طرد و انگ صرفا امري عيني نيستند و علاوه بر پيامدهاي كالبدي، موضوعي گفتماني و ذهني است كه بر مبناي تعامل اين دو بعد، سوژه­هاي حاشيه­اي خود را توليد مي­كند.

   چكيده اين پژوهش به بررسي چگونگي تكوين محله آناهيتا در شهر كرمانشاه مي‌پردازد. رويكرد نظري پژوهش مبتني بر آراء هانري لوفور در باب «توليد فضا» است. از نظريات و مفاهيم اين نظريه‎پرداز، جهت شرح روندهاي شكل‌گيري اين محله در قالب سه بُعد فضايي (بازنمايي فضايي، فضاي بازنمايي و عمل فضايي) و حق بر شهر سود جسته‌ايم. روش مورد استفاده اتنوگرافي است و تكنيك گردآوري داده‌ها شامل مشاهده، مصاحبه، تجربه زيسته و نقشه‌هاي ذهني است. يافته‌هاي پژوهش نشان‌دهنده آن است كه اين محله در سه مقطع و برهه زماني شكل گرفته است. ابتدا در سال 1357 ساخت آن شروع شد كه مبتني بر طرح جامع 1352 بود و با انقلاب 1357 ناتمام ماند. در سال 1359 با شروع جنگ عراق عليه ايران، اين شهرك به محل اسكان آوارگان جنگي زير نظر بنياد امور مهاجرين جنگ تحميلي تبديل شد. با پايان جنگ، اين محله به شهرداري واگذار گرديد كه با بي‌توجهي مديران شهري و ساخت‌وسازهاي بي‌ضابطه كه با شيوه‌هاي مختلف (تصرف عدواني، تصرف خزنده) صورت مي‌گرفت، تبديل به يك سكونتگاه غيررسمي و حاشيه‌اي شد. بر اين اساس آنچه در روند تكوين اين شهرك با توجه به آراي هانري لوفور اهميت دارد، بُعد دوم يعني فضاي بازنمايي است و گواه اين امر كه محله آناهيتا در غياب مديران و برنامه‌ريزان شهري به صورت خودجوش و از درون زندگي روزمره تكوين يافته است. كليدواژه‌ها:   آناهيتا، جنگ، مهاجرين، قصرشيرين، فضاي بازنمايي.

  Abstract:The purpose of the research: it is necessary to present a coherent plan that identifies and analyzes the views of professors on this matter. The purpose of this research is to identify and analyze the opinion of the professors of social sciences and humanities faculties of Razi University about the rules and promotion process of faculty members in order to improve the evaluation status of professors of social sciences and humanities faculties of Razi University. The system of promotion of faculty members is leading the university and society towards development.Research method: The validity of a research is in choosing the best method to do it. The current research is of applied type. The research approach is qualitative and the content analysis method was used to analyze the data. Qualitative research requires systematic collection, organization and interpretation of the materials obtained from interviews with faculty members. The statistical population of the research is the faculty members of social sciences and humanities faculties of Razi University of Kermanshah, which considering the nature of the research, the best way to achieve the result is to use the point of view of experts in this field. Findings: The findings show that the answers of professors were categorized into four axes, the first axis expresses the opinions of professors about the existing rules in the promotion process. The opinion of the interviewees in the second axis is to express criticism and opinions and challenges facing these two fields. Regarding the strengths of the regulation and its issues that were discussed in the third axis and the opinion of the professors, they pointed out the rise of the scientific rank of the country in the world and in the region. The fourth axis was the consequence of the laws and the current promotion process in the lives of the professors. The professors mentioned the stress and anxiety in their work and personal life in the fourth axis and tried to improve the promotion process.Conclusion: The laws, process and all aspects of promotion should be reviewed in a systematic way. Fixing the weak points and challenges, paying attention to the criticism and opinions of faculty members, providing a solution to improve the rules and the promotion process, paying attention to the strengths of the promotion regulation should be on the agenda.Keywords: faculty members, field of social and human sciences, Razi University, promotion rules, promotion process, qualitative content analysis.   

The emergence of some important political, economic, social and biological crises has an important role in changing the behavior of human society, especially from the point of view of macro decisions of a country with an economic approach. The preventive and control measures of the corona virus crisis, which require a comprehensive, systematic and multi-dimensional approach, have led to changes in the economic behavior of people in the society, which has caused the country's economic system to face serious challenges.Therefore, the study of the economic situation of the household in the last two years, the effectiveness of the country's decisions regarding the control of the Covid-19 disease and its impact on the economy, the social and economic behavior of the people in the face of such crises in order to prevent challenges and try to create a A healthy economy and its protection are very necessary.In this research, considering the approach of examining the responses of the studied statistical population through the publication of a questionnaire in the virtual space, as well as the use of statistics center data, library documents, related articles, etc., also taking into account the economic situation of the studied population. The study in the last two years uses experimental, content analysis, documentary and descriptive methods. Finally, in the final chapters of the thesis, quantitative data will be analyzed by descriptive statistics and regression methods.The main goal of this research is to investigate the impact of the spread of the Covid-19 disease on the food security, livelihood and economy of the studied households in Kermanshah province based on the results of an internet survey in a short period of time.   

  Inflation is one of the basic problems in Iran's economy. So that during the past years, Iran's economy has experienced high inflation. Therefore, identifying and estimating the factors affecting inflation in Iran can be useful in providing solutions to solve the problem of Iran's economy. One of the factors affecting inflation in Iran is the volume of liquidity and its components, i.e. the increasing coefficient of liquidity and the monetary base. The monetary base has different components based on expenses and sources. Based on expenses, the monetary base includes banknotes and muskox and reserves of commercial banks. According to sources, the monetary base includes net foreign assets of the central bank, net government debt, gross commercial bank debt and net other assets. The effects of spending components and monetary resources components on inflation are not the same. Estimating the impact of each component of monetary base expenses and resources on inflation is of particular importance and can be effective in the country's monetary policies. In this research, it is tried to estimate the effect of components of resources and expenditures on inflation in Iran using time series data for the period of 1370-1400 with self-explanatory econometric method with extended intervals (ARDL). The results indicate that the net foreign assets of the central bank and the net debt of the public sector to the central bank and the gross debt of commercial banks, which are part of the basic monetary resources, have a positive and significant effect on inflation during this period of time, and according to the findings of the research, Banknotes and bills in the flow and reserves of commercial banks with the central bank, which is one of the basic monetary expenses, have a positive and significant effect on inflation. In other words, in both models, the long-term equilibrium relationship between inflation rate variables, net foreign assets of foreign banks, net debt of the public sector to the central bank, gross debt of commercial banks to the central bank, reserves of commercial banks to the central bank and notes and Muskok is accepted in the flow.

      In this research, the public space of Elaheh neighborhood of Kermanshah has been studied. The theoretical basis of the upcoming study is the opinions of Jane Jacobs, which tries to analyze the neighborhood, the street and its space from a new perspective by relying on it, and topics such as the use of sidewalks, the use of local parks, the use of neighborhoods, The necessity of mixing the main uses, the necessity of small buildings and the placement of schools and libraries in the focus of attention. In this article, a qualitative approach is used and the research method used is ethnography, an approach that values the people being researched. and the researcher tries to be aware of their views and opinions. Therefore, they collect data through observation and interview. In the analysis of the findings, all the problems of the neighborhood, including the communication routes and the inconvenience of the residents, to the problems and advantages of the local bazaar and the security and inconsistency of the traffic plans, are considered and suggestions are given for each of them. As a result, indicators and criteria were examined and analyzed, including access, facilities and facilities, social interactions and activities, which are more important factors in attracting people to the public space, and other criteria such as protection, flexibility, security and ... which in turn have a significant impact on the sociability of public spaces. In general, the results indicate that there should be public and lively spaces in different scales so that people can choose the desired space according to their situation, taste, needs, etc. and be present in it. Key words: Elaheh neighborhood, public space, urban life, citizenship, Kermanshah.

   در سده دوازده­خورشيدي، شهر كرمانشاه از شهرهاي مهم سرحدات عثماني و ايران بود. اين شهر به عامليت تجار، ديوان­سالاران و روحانيون، به يك شهر مهم تجاري در غرب ايران بدل شد. از آن زمان تا واخر سده چهارده خورشيدي، كرمانشاه اوج و فرودهاي گسترده­اي را از سر گذراند. اگرچه زمينه كلي معيشت استان (ايالت سابق) متكي به كشاورزي بود ولي شهر ماهيتي غالبا تجاري بروكراتيك داشت و دارد. كالبد شهر از گذار از شيوه توليد پيشاسرمايه تا دوران تثبيت­يافته­تر سرمايه­داري شكل يافت. در اين ميان، يكي از محلات كنوني شهر كرمانشاه، محله بيست و دو بهمن است كه ساخت آن از دهه چهل خورشيدي سده چهاردهم آغاز شد و امروزه به يكي از مراكز تمركز سرمايه بدل شده­است. از اين منظر مسئله پژوهش حاضر با عنوان "تاريخ زمين   در كرمانشاه (از دوران قاجار تا جمهوري­اسلامي)"، فهم چگونگي شكل­يابي شهر كرمانشاه با محوريت محله بيست و دو بهمن، در اين برهه است. براي فهم چگونگي اين تغييرات و زمينه­ اين شكل­يابي نياز است كه در پهنه­اي عميق­تر به مسئله پرداخت شود. مكتوب حاضر متكي به آراي ديويد هاروي است. هاروي بر اين باور است كه سرمايه براي باز توليدش بايد شهري شود و اين امر از رهگذر سه چرخه سرمايه امكان پذير مي­شود. روش پژوهش حاضر تاريخي است كه با اتكا به اسناد، گزارش­ها و سفرنامه­ها به تحليل و بررسي موضوع مود نظر پرداخته شده­است. علاوه بر آن جهت بررسي برخي ابعاد مسئله، با 76 نفر مصاحبه نيمه­ساختار يافته­ انجام شد. مشاهده توصيفي نيز از ديگر تكنيك­هاي مورد استفاده در اين پژوهش است. نتايج پژوهش حاكي از اين امر است كه شكل­يابي شهر از رهگذر خواست حكومت رخ داده­است. اعيان­سازي، جداگزيني لازمه بقاي سرمايه است و مسئله زمين در ادامه تضاد كار و سرمايه قابل فهم است. مادامي كه كار، در فرايند چپاول و بي ارزش شدن است، زمين در خدمت سرمايه و قوام­بخش آن است و توسعه افسانه­ايست كه كاركرد اصليش تعميق مناسبات سرمايه و افزايش ضريب استثمار است و سلب مالكيت از نيروكار را تا سرحد امكان پيش­ مي­برد و خانه­ به دوشي در پرت افتاده­ترين نقاط از سرمايه، وضعيت معمول و مطلوب نيروي كار مي­شود و اين­ها در بستر تاريخي رخ مي­دهد كه در آن، از زمان زايش دولت مدرن در ايران، دولت و سرمايه اين­همان بوده­اند. كليد واژگان: كرمانشاه، زمين، پيشاسرمايه­داري، سرمايه­داري، كار.   

چكيده روند رو به رشد تجرد درميان دختران در جامعه­ي ايران رو به افزايش است، به طور سنتي در خصوص تجرد دختران كليشه­هايي وجود دارد، بسياري معتقدند براي ادامه زندگي يك زن، وجود يك مرد و ازدواج ضروري و لازم است. اين شرط از جامعه­اي به جامعه­ي ديگر و حتي برهه­اي از زمان، نسبت به زمان ديگر متفاوت خواهد بود. در اين راستا اين پژوهش با ورود به دنياي دختران مجرد بالاي 30 سال سعي دارد به واقعيت تجربه­ي زيسته آنان از تأخير در ازدواج با توجه به تفاوت­هاي موقعيتي آن­ها دست يابد ، و تجربه زيسته دختران مجرد و نوع نگاه به زندگي آنان را طبق خود شناسه و شناسنده، به نوعي از نگاه خود و از نگاه ديگران مورد كنكاش قرار دهد. بدين منظور از نظريه برگر و لاكمن، نظريه گيدنز در رابطه با تغيير در خانواده و نوع روابط، نظريه مدرنيزاسيون و .... استفاده شده است. بنابراين به تناسب آن با رويكرد پديدارشناسي به بررسي تجربه زيسته دختران مجرد بالاي 30 سال شهر كرمانشاه پرداخته و با 22 نفر از دختران مجرد كه با پديده تأخير در ازدواج مواجه هستند مصاحبه شده است.   نتايج را طبق مقولات خانواده (سنتي و مدرن)، تحصيل در دو زير گروه ( زيرديپلم و آكادميك)، وضعيت شغلي (دولتي، آزاد، خانه­دار)، نوع طبقه (مرفه، متوسط، فرودست)، بُعد خانوار (تنها، كم­جمعيت، پرجمعيت)   دسته­بندي كرده و تأثير رسانه به عنوان يك وسيله همگاني بر نگرش افراد مورد توجه قرار گرفته است و همچنين تجربيات مثبت و منفي مشترك در همه­ي دختران با وجود تفاوت­هاي موجود در زندگي آن­ها نيز مورد بررسي قرار گرفته است. يافته­هاي پژوهش حاكي از آن است كه با توجه به موقعيت، افراد زيست­جها­ن­هاي متفاوتي را تجربه مي­كنند و نوع نگرش آن­ها به ازدواج بسته به شرايط آن­ها متفاوت است. دختران مجرد در خانواده مدرن، با تحصيلات آكادميك، شاغل، طبقه­ي بالا، خانواده كم جمعيت و تنها، نسبت به دختران مجرد در خانواده سنتي، با تحصيلات كم، بيكار ، طبقه پايين و در خانواده پرجمعيت موقعيت بهتري دارند. رسانه­ها نيز به عنوان ابزار تأثيرگذار باعث تغيير در نگرش افراد، تغيير در روابط و ... شده­اند. جداي از تفاوت­هاي كه در   تجربه دختران هست، تجارب مشتركي همچون آزادي و حس تنهايي و... در آن­ها ديده مي­شود.       كليدواژه:   دختران مجرد، تجربه­ي زيسته، زيست­جهان، نگرش متفاوت، پديدارشناسي.

چكيده: توجه به ظاهر و متناسب بودن در هر دوره­اي وجود دارد اما گاهي اين توجه به صورت افراطي و حساسيت شديد ظهور پيدا مي­كند كه ديگر طبيعي نبوده و تبديل به اختلال بدريخت انگاري بدن شده و همين امر عملكرد فردي و اجتماعي فرد را تحت­تأثير قرار مي­دهد.اين پژوهش با هدف بررسي نقش ميانجي سوگيري توجه در رابطه بين تنظيم هيجان و افكار خودآيند منفي با نشانه هاي بدريخت انگاري در مراجعه كنندگان به مراكز زيبايي انجام شد.   با استفاده   از روش نمونه گيري در دسترس و با توجه به زير مقياس هاي متغير هاي پژوهش ( به استثناي بدريخت انگاري بدني) تعداد 180 نفر در نظر گرفته شد. براي گردآوري داده ها از پرسشنامه هاي اختلال بدريخت انگاري ربيعي و همكاران (1390) ، تنظيم هيجاني گرتز و روئمر (2004)، افكار خودآيند كندال و هالون (1980)، سوگيري توجه وودي چامبلس و گلاس (1997) استفاده گرديد. براي آزمون فرضيه هاي پژوهش از مدل معادلات ساختاري در فضاي نرم افزاري PLS استفاده شد. يافته ها حاكي از آن بود كه بين تنظيم هيجان با نشانه هاي اختلال بدريخت انگاري بدني رابطه منفي و معناداري (220/0-)وجود داشته است. بين افكار خودآيند منفي با نشانه هاي اختلال بدريخت انگاري بدني رابطه مثبت و معناداري (209/0)   وجود داشته است. بين سوگيري توجه و نشانه هاي اختلال بدريخت انگاري بدني با توجه به اينكه T-VALUE(233/0)مي باشد مسير تاييد نگرديد و رابطه­ي معناداري وجود نداشت.   همچنين تنظيم هيجان با ميانجي‌گري سوگيري توجه با نشانه هاي اختلال بدريخت انگاري بدني رابطه نداشته و در نهايت اينكه افكار خودآيند منفي با ميانجي‌گري سوگيري توجه با نشانه هاي اختلال بدريخت انگاري بدني رابطه ندارد. كليدواژه: بدريخت انگاري بدني، افكار خود آيند منفي، سوگيري توجه ، تنظيم هيجان.   

   چكيده اين پژوهش در پي آن بوده كه به بررسي تجارب ساكنان محلة دولت‌آباد از هستي‌شان، و چگونگي روند سكني گزيدن آنان در اين محله بپردازد. رويكرد نظري اين پژوهش مبتني بر آراء مارتين هايدگر، گاستون باشلار و مارك اوژه بوده است. خصلت مشترك در نگاه هر سه متفكر ذكر شده، برداشتي معناگرايانه و غير هندسي از مكان است. رويكرد معنا‌گراي هايدگر براي بيان سكونت كردن، با طرح مفاهيمي همچون حفاظت كردن و مراقبت كردن از زمين، آسمان، خدايان و فانيان تكامل مي‌يابد. همچنين براي اوژه تفاوت مكان با نامكان در خصلت همزيستي و زيست معناگرايانة انسان‌ها با يكديگر است، هر جايي كه خاصيت ايجاد تعامل و رابطه و شكل گيري هويت و تاريخ را داشته باشد مكان است. براي باشلار نيز خانه همان جاييست كه احساس آسودگي و امنيت را فراهم مي‌آورد تا انسان فارغ از حس ناامني، به خيال پردازي مشغول شود. براي پرداختن به اين مسئله از روش پژوهش اتنوگرافي و تكنيك‌هاي مشاهده، مصاحبه، نقشه‌هاي شناختي و بررسي اسناد براي جمع آوري داده‌ها استفاده شده است. در پايان يافته‌هاي پژوهش حكايت از آن دارد كه محلة دولت‌آباد داري ويژگي‌هاي خاص سكونتي و اجتماعي از حيث انسان شناختي است تحليل‌هاي پاياني نشان مي‌دهد كه دولت‌آباد خانه و مكاني براي ساكنانش است. محله‌اي كه تاريخ خودش را دارد و محلي براي آسودگي ساكنانش بوده. آنچه كه اين امر را محقق كرده، عوامل مهمي همچون خويشاوندي و هم‌كيشي ساكنان، بازار و مسجد و مراقبت آنان از خويش، اقليت قومي و هويتشان بوده است. كليد واژه‌ها: احساس در خانه بودن، تعلق، دولت‌آباد، سكونت كردن، مكان‌بودگي.  

   چكيده هدف اصلي اين پژوهش تعيين پيامدهاي اقتصادي و اجتماعي تحصيلات دانشگاهي در زندگي دختران(مطالعه موردي شهرستان جوانرود) بود، روش انجام اين پژوهش، توصيفي – پيمايشي و از نظر هدف كاربردي و از نظر ماهيت و روش توصيفي ـ مقايسه­اي و از نوع همبستگي بود، جامعه آماري تحقيق، زنان و دختران نسل هاي 1360 و 1370؛ 19 تا 45 ساله شهر جوانرود مي‏باشند كه در سال 1400 در اين شهر زندگي مي­كنند، كه طبق نتايج سرشماري عمومي نفوس و مسكن سال 1395 تعداد آنها برابر 12573 نفر بود، حجم نمونه بر اساس فرمول كوكران برابر 380 نفر بود كه در نهايت 400 نفر به عنوان نمونه انتخاب شدند. روش نمونه گيري تصادفي طبقه­اي است، روش‌هاي گردآوري اطلاعات مطالعات كتابخانه و پرسش نامه محقق ساخته بود، اعتبار پرسش نامه با استفاده از اعتبار محتوا و پايايي آن با استفاده از آلفاي كرونباخ تاييد شد، تجزيه و تحليل داده­ها با استفاده از نرم افزار   24 انجام شد. نتايج يافته هاي تحقيق نشان داد بين دختران دهه 60 و 70 از نظر شاخصهاي مشاركت اجتماعي، قدرت در خانواده و استقلال اقتصادي تفاوت معني دار مي باشد، بين پاسخگويان در چهار شاخص مشاركت اجتماعي، قدرت در خانواده، و استقلال اقتصادي بر اساس وضعيت تاهل، ميزان تحصيلات، وضعيت فعاليت، وضع سكونت و نوع اشتغال آنها تفاوت معني داري وجود دارد، بين پاسخگويان بر اساس درآمد در شاخص قدرت در خانواده تفاوت معنادار وجود دارد، اما از نظر ميزان هزينه ماهيانه، بين هيچ كدام از شاخص هاي مورد بررسي تفاوت معناداري مشاهده نشد. همچنين نتايج تحليل كوواريانس نشان داد سن و تحصيلات هر كدام به تنهايي بر مشاركت اجتماعي، قدرت در خانواده، استقلال اقتصادي تاثير گذارند،   اما اين متغيرها به تنهايي يا از طريق اثر تعاملي بر مشاركت در ازدواج تاثير معنادار نداشته اند. نتيجه گيري: تحصيل زنان نه تنها منجر به رشد و ارتقاي سلامت جسماني - رواني و اجتماعي -اقتصادي زنان مي­شود، بلكه در رشد و سلامت خانواده و جامعه تأثير بسيار مهم و بسزايي دارد. لذا جامعه­اي كه هدفش ارتقاي كيفيت زندگي خانوادگي و اجتماعي است بايد بيش از پيش اهميت باسواد شدن و دانش افزايي زنان را درك كند و جزء اهداف اساسي و ضروري برنامه­ريزي و توسعة اجتماعي قرار بدهد.    واژگان كليدي: تحصيلات عالي، مشاركت اجتماعي، وضعيت اقتصادي و اجتماعي، دختران   

   Abstract    The purpose of this research is the role of women in family economic decisions It was in West Islamabad city. The statistical population included all married women who The sample size was selected using Cochran's formula of 377 people. In this research, a questionnaire was used to collect information. By using    software, Pearson correlation coefficient and Kruskal-Wallis test were used to analyze the hypotheses. The results of Pearson's correlation coefficient showed that the economic decision-making rate of women was the highest in individual characteristics (income) and the lowest in individual characteristics (age). Also, according to the Kruskal-Wallis test, it was determined that the dimensions of education of women with postgraduate and doctorate education, job (studying), socio-economic base dimension (very high status), economic level dimension (very high status) have the highest The role of women was in the economic decision-making of the family.    Key words: women, economic decisions, family, West Islamabad         

   چكيده: هدف از تحقيق حاضر شناخت زمينه­ها و پيامدهاي محروميت از ارث دختران است، به اين صورت كه در مناطقي از ايران، حق دختران از ارث پدري­شان به آن­ها داده نمي­شود و مجبور به بخشيدن ارث خود به برادران هستند، جهت دسترسي به اين هدف از روش تحقيق كيفي و تئوري زمينه­اي استفاده شده است، زيرا ما براي رسيدن به هدف تحقيق نياز به اطلاعاتي از ذهنيت­ها، انگيزه­ها و باورها داشتيم كه با تحقيق كيفي مي­توانستيم به آن­ها دست پيدا كنيم،   جامعه مورد مطالعه زنان و دختران طايفه اولاد قباد و ايتي­وند از توابع شهرستان نورآباد دلفان هستند، جهت جمع­آوري اطلاعات از نمونه­گيري هدفمند بهره برديم   و با 14 نفر از دختران اين طوايف مصاحبه عميق انجام شد، براي تجزيه و تحليل اطلاعات از روش كدگذاري استفاده كرديم، به اين صورت كه مصاحبه­ها تبديل به گزاره و مفاهيم و مقولات شدند و از ميان آنها يك مقوله مركزي به دست آمد كه بقيه مقوله­ها و مفاهيم حول مقوله محوري نقش­آفريني داشتند، يافته­ها حاكي از اين بود كه مسئله محروميت از ارث با تبعيض جنسيتي در خانواده­ها و رجحان جنس پسر در خانواده شكل مي­گيرد كه اين خود نيز از سروري و سالاري مردها   و قدرت در خانواده نشات مي­گيرد، و با پذيرش اين برتري توسط مادر، فرزندان نيز، با اين باور تربيت مي­شوند، به طوري­ كه مادر و حتي فرزندان دختر، خود اين محروميت را تاييد و مي­پذيرند، وبه اين برتري و كهتري و محروميت از ارث دامن مي­زنند، البته شرايطي به كمك اين مسئله مي­آيند كه از آن جمله عدم سواد و آگاهي زنان، عدم تملك زنان كه خود از همان مردسالاري يا رجحان جنسيتي مي­آيد، بوروكراسي و دردسرهاي قانون و مراجعه به دادگاهها و...مي­باشند، و با وجود تغييرات اجتماعي، مادي و فرهنگي ايجاد شده و افزايش سطح سواد و آگاهي زنان، اين مسئله همچنان مناطقي از ايران چون لرستان، مناطق كردنشين، عرب، و استان فارس وبه صورت پراكنده ساير مناطق روستا نشين را درگير كرده­است، از جمله شرايطي كه به اين پايداري دامن مي­زند استفاده مردان از اين عرف و فرهنگ در جهت فردگرايي و ثروت اندوزي است، زيرا خشونت­هاي خانگي عليه زنان و آن حمايت­گري برادران در دنياي جديد ديگر خيلي جايي ندارد اما همچنان پسران به نفع خواسته­هاي جديد خود از اين فرهنگ محروميت از ارث بهره مي­برند. كليد واژه ها:

   هدف: با توجه به اهميت تاريخ، سرگذشت شخصيت تاريخي چون يارمحمدخان كرمانشاهي به منظور آشنايي با مقطعي از تاريخ مشروطه و خود او، ضروري است. هدف از اين پايان نامه تحليل روايت راويان در باره يارمحمدخان كرمانشاهي، و پاسخ به اين پرسش است كه چه تفاوتي در روايت هاي مربوط به يارمحمدخان كرمانشاهي وجود دارد؟ آيا   روايت هاي مختلف در مورد يارمحمدخان كرمانشاهي، به خاستگاه فكري راويان او باز مي گردد؟   و چرا يارمحمدخان كرمانشاهي در خاطره جمعي مردم كرمانشاه باقي نمانده است؟ اساس كار پژوهش حاضر، سرگذشت يارمحمدخان كرمانشاهي بر اساس تحليل روايت است. مبناي كار، تحليل تاريخي روايات راويان مختلف در باره اين شخصيت تاريخي است.

      Research in thefield of civil life and the threats that target everyday life, one of theimportant aspects of studies is related to urban policy which it's subject ofthe present study. The purpose of the review is to critique the distortedperception that physical and geographical changes of passages and urbanelements remains on the physical level while making any changes and removingthe elements that the street leads to have a great impact on the urban'scontext. The present study examines the non – level intersections of Velayatand Imam Hussein and removes connecting urban elements such as squares at sensitiveborder points, between neighborhoods. This research is based on the criticalparadigm and the method of urban critical studies. The basic concepts are theBorder Vacuum, non-places and civil life. The study conducted in the datacollection section was based on non – interventionist observation and examinesthe businesses on the street leading to the two non – level intersections.Construction of large – scale structures in this metropolitan area of thehistorical city of Kermanshah, it has caused a great obstacle to the connectionof urban neighborhoods through passages and the presence of residents of otherneighborhoods encounter an obstacle such as a non – level intersections. Thesenon – places in the sensitive border points have created a connection with theneighborhoods adjacent to border vacuum and the destructive effects of locationand boundary, Vacuum are synergistically degrading the existing fragile publicspace it is declining. Therefore, the existing business in Shahid ShemshadianBoulevard have moved towards temporary industrial services, if the mentionedeffects intensify, the neighborhood will become a perpetual slum.   Key wordsUrban spaces - non-level intersections – Border – Urban policy – Civil life  

   چكيده مسئله‌ي اصلي پژوهش حاضر بر اين اصل بنيان نهاده شده است كه حاشيه‌‌نشيني امري برساخته از جانب دولت و نهادهاي وابسته‌ي آن در بستر مناسبات سرمايه‌دارانه است. رويكرد انتخاب شده براي اين پژوهش، اقتصاد سياسي مي‌باشد و روش پژوهش نيز برپايه همين قياس انتقادي است. اين روش از انواع داده‌هاي موجود سود مي‌برد تا دلالت‌هاي پنهان را در شكل‌گير‌ي وضع موجود نمايان سازد. يافته‌هاي پژوهش نشان مي‌دهد، دولت در صدسال اخير از رهگذر برنامه‌هاي و اقدامات مختلف در هر دوره‌اي زمينه‌ي برساخته شدن مناطق حاشيه‌اي را فراهم آورده است كه اين امر ريشه در عدم توجه دولت به منافع عمومي جامعه مخصوصاً تهي‌دستان دارد، مناسبات اقتصادي (شيوه‌ي توليد) هر گروه مشخص كننده‌ي جايگاه آن‌ها در بستر مناسبات و برنامه‌هاي دولت است، دولت تنها حمايت‌كننده‌ي اهداف طبقه‌ي مسلط است، ضمن اينكه در همين راستا نيز منافع خود دولت نيز تأمين مي‌گردد. پديده‌ي مهاجرت، جمعيت و اصلاحات ارضي توجيه كافي و لازم براي حاشيه‌نشين‌سازي نمي‌باشد و تنها توجيهات ساختاري كلان سياسي هستند، رويكردهاي متاخر در ارتباط با حاشيه‌‌نشيني ازجمله توانمندسازي قابل قبول نمي‌باشد؛ زيرا حاشيه‌‌نشيني در بستر مناسبات اقتصادي شكل گرفته و توانمندسازي مفهومي فرهنگي است، ضمن اينكه در همين راستا تهي‌دستان نمي‌توانند عامليتي در فضاي شهري داشته باشند و آن‌ها پذيراي مناسبات ساختاري در هر دوره‌اي هستند و در پي آن مناسبات خود را شكل مي دهند. ظهور حاشيه‌‌نشيني ريشه در ساختارهاي كلان اقتصادي و سياسي دارد و رفع آن نيز تنها در بستر دگرگوني همين مناسبات ممكن خواهد بود. واژگان كليدي: اقتصاد سياسي، دولت، بازنمايي فضايي، حاشيه‌نشين‌سازي، كرمانشاه

   شناخت متغيرهاي دخيل در ارتقا سلامت روان نوجوانان از موضوعات مهم در حوزه روانشناسي است. تعارض والدين و نوجوان يكي از مهم ترين مؤلفه هاي اين حوزه است كه مي تواند بر جنبه هاي مختلف زندگي نوجوانان تاثير گذار باشد. بنابراين مطالعه هر چه بيشتر اين دوره، به افزايش آ گاهي از اين سن و مقتضيات آن، افزايش سلامت روان و فهم عواملي كه باعث سازگاري مثبت نوجوانان مي شوند، كمك مي كند. يكي از اين عوامل تنظيم هيجان مي باشد و پژوهش ها حاكي از آن است نوجواناني كه تنظيم هيجان مؤثري دارند، به لحاظ اجتماعي مهارت هاي بهتري را نشان مي دهند. اما جنبه هايي كه تاكنون به نظر مي رسد در اين رابطه مور بررسي كامل قرار نگرفته است مكانيسم و ميانجي گري خودانتقادي و اجتناب از تجربه است. بنابراين پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسي نقش ميانجي گري خودانتقادي و اجتناب از تجربه در رابطه بين تعارض والدين و نوجوان با تنظيم هيجان در دانش آموزان دختر دوره دوم متوسطه شهر كرمانشاه انجام شد. روش پژوهش حاضر توصيفي، از نوع همبستگي و جامعه آماري شامل كليه دانش آموزان دختر مشغول به تحصيل در مدارس دوره دوم متوسطه شهر كرمانشاه در سال   تحصيلي 1400-1399 بود. بدين منظور نمونه اي به تعداد 200 نفر از دانش آموزان دختر دوره دوم متوسطه از ميان مدارس مختلف شهر كرمانشاه به روش نمونه گيري خوشه اي چند مرحله اي انتخاب شدند. ابزار گردآوري داده ها، مقياس تعارضات بين والدين و نوجوان اسدي يونسي و همكاران (1390)، مقياس دشواري تنظيم هيجان گرتز و رومر (2004)، مقياس اجتناب از تجربه بوند، هيز و باير، كارپنتر و همكاران (2007)، مقياس خودانتقادي تامپسون و زوراف (2004) مي باشد. براي آزمون داده هاي حاصل از مقياس هاي نام برده از نرم افزار IBM AMOSS24 استفاده شد. همچنين به منظور تحليل داده ها آزمون همبستگي و تحليل مسير براي آزمون فرضيات مورد استفاده قرار گرفت. نتايج نشان داد بين تعارض والدين و نوجوان با تنطيم هيجان با نقش ميانجي خودانتقادي در دانش آموزان رابطه وجود دارد. همچنين، بين تعارض والدين و نوجوان با تنطيم هيجان با نقش ميانجي اجتناب از تجربه در دانش آموزان رابطه وجود دارد. ساير نتايج نشان داد بين تعارض والدين و نوجوان با تنظيم هيجان با نقش ميانجي خود انتقادي و اجتناب از تجربه در دانش آموزان رابطه وجود دارد. مي توان نتيجه گرفت كه براي والدين و نوجوانان در بدو ورود به مقطع بالاتر، از طريق مدارس و رسانه ها با آگاهي دادن به والدين در صدد شناخت نيازهاي دوره نوجواني باشند تا در تنظيم هيجان و سازگاري و كاهش تعارض به نوجوانان كمك كنند و چالش ها را به فرصت تبديل كنند.

In this research, we seek to study the social, cultural, economical, and social trends of the Torkashvand tribe in the contemporary history of Iran.   Theoretical approach of the article is based on Salzmann's theory about political organization among nomads and different elements of nomadic life, Barth's theory about the social structure of tribes and nomads, Iron’s theory about the economic organization of tribes and nomads, and also ltr">  

حافظه از مهم­ترين ابعاد فردي و اجتماعي انسان­هاست. انسان­ها نه تنها در بعد فردي بلكه در بعد اجتماعي نيز با حافظه درگير هستند. حافظه حتي در شخصي­ترين وجه خود تحت تاثير زمينه­هاي اجتماعي، اقتصادي وسياسي است. هنجارها، ارزش­ها و قوانين اجتماعي كه بسياري از آنها نسل به نسل منتقل شده­اند، گوياي اين امر است كه حافظه وراي بعد فردي و ذهني داراي بعد اجتماعي نيز هست. حافظه جمعي مانند يك مخزن يا قالب ثابت و تغييرناپذير نيست بلكه يك فرآيند است كه تحت تاثير زمان حال و چارچوب­هاي اجتماعي برساخته مي­شود. مسئله اصلي پژوهش حاضر با عنوان "لهستانيان در جنگ جهاني دوم در كرمانشاه"، سعي در فهم و درك چگونگي فرآيند فراموشي درباره آوارگان لهستاني در شهر كرمانشاه است. چارچوب نظري پژوهش براساس نظريه حافظه ي اجتماعي موريس هالبواكس و چارچوب­هاي اجتماعي حافظه ( سن، جنس، نژاد، مذهب، قوميت، پايگاه اقتصادي-اجتماعي) كه هالبواكس به آن­ها اشاره مي­كند، استوار است و همچنين از آراي   پل ريكور   كه خود نيز در بحث يادآوري و فراموشي تحت تاثير نظريه حافظه اجتماعي هالبواكس قرار دارد، استفاده شده­است. رويكرد پژوهش كيفي است و از روش تحليل روايت استفاده شده­است. از طريق نمونه­گيري هدفمند با 82 نفر مصاحبه شده­است و براي افزايش اعتبار پژوهش، اسناد مربوطه نيز مورد بررسي   قرار گرفته شده­است. نتايج پژوهش حاكي از اين امر است كه حافظه جمعي تحت تاثير عواملي همچون رسانه­ها، آموزش رسمي، مراسمات يادبودي و اجتماعات يادماني ، مكان­ها، امكان وجود گروه­هاي متنوع در جامعه و ارتباط و عضوگيري گروهاي اجتماعي مختلف با يكديگر، طبقه اقتصادي و اجتماعي و ايدئولوژي   برساخته مي­شود.   

Critical discourse is an interdisciplinary study method that can be used in the critique of literary novels and in the political and social fields. Norman Fairclough is one of the leading theorists of critical discourse who interpreted texts by elevating text analysis from descriptive to explanatory and by incorporating the components of ideology, power, and history. His approach was later considered and used to reveal the underlying layers in works of art and literature. The present study intends to re-read Bakhtiar Ali's novels at three levels of description, explanation and interpretation, using a descriptive-analytical method and relying on the critical analysis approach of Norman Fairclough. Preliminary findings of the research from the perspective of critical discourse indicate that at the level of description, Bakhtiar Ali's novels narrate the story non-linearly, the time sequence is not observed; Rather, the past, present and future are intertwined and make the reader find it difficult to understand time. In addition, the language of text description of Bakhtiar Ali's stories moves in a conversational manner. The sentences are narrated with a simple and fluent expression in a tangible and real relationship in the news aspect. At the level of explanation and interpretation, it should be noted that the main axis of Bakhtiar Ali's novels is the political and social relations in Iraqi Kurdistan, which are manifested in different types of Jamshid Khan, Parvaneh, Serias Sobhgahi, Khalid Amun and other characters of the novels. Each of these types of Bakhtiar Ali's novels recounts the collective and individual sufferings of the people of Iraqi Kurdistan; Examples include war, regional violence, identity problems, political and economic crises, individual human conflicts, and the problems of traditions and nationalist issues; The narrative of Bakhtiar Ali's novels is based on the connections, political discourses, and history of the social fabric of Iraqi Kurdistan.  

Abstract Understanding the complexity of the relationships that now govern urban life and urban space is one of the first tasks that should be considered in developing development plans. One of the important challenges of Javanrood city is poverty and its consequences, which have caused social and economic damage to families. This situation is more common in different urban areas, especially in poor areas. The aim of this study was to "investigate the impact of poverty on the social, economic and political situation of poor citizens of Javanrood". The theoretical framework of the research was a combination of sociological theories of the cycle or trap of poverty, capability poverty and participatory poverty. The research method has been quantitative. The study population was all the poor areas of Javanrood, including "Babajani, Qargeh, Gargeh Chal and Sanjabi" and 376 people completed the researcher-made questionnaire by multi-stage cluster sampling. Findings showed that citizens of poor areas of Javanrood city in terms of education, job, income, job skills and marital status are facing problems that have caused them to fall into the poverty trap. Less than 20% of respondents had a washing machine, computer, personal library and home furniture at home. Their social and political participation was low and varied according to the individual and social characteristics of the respondents. Between 20 and 40 percent of respondents in their family have been involved with at least one social injury. The most common injuries included working children, dropping out of school, domestic violence, and quarreling with others. Regression analysis showed that poverty on social participation was 0.3, on political advocacy was 0.4 and on social harms of domestic violence, prison history, dropout and street child was 0.7 and on social harms of divorce, addiction, escape. Affected by home and quarrel 0.19 percent. In this sense, it should be said that poverty has the greatest impact on social harms and the least impact on social participation. It can be concluded that the poverty among the studied poor is a poverty of capacity and structure that this poverty manifests itself in access to sustainable livelihood facilities. Low access to facilities and appliances, inadequate housing, and relatively high social harms indicate that the poverty trap does not allow these individuals to participate favorably in social and political life, as it encourages conflict in social and political activities. They see it as futile and ineffective in their current state.   

  ~The main concern of this research is the answer to this question: How did the produced political atmosphere and the praxis of the opposition forces in Kermanshah affect each other? Here the dialectical relationship of praxis and space in the heart of history through dealing with how the praxies of opposition and anti-government forces (both left and right, modern and traditional) and its two-way relationship with power at the heart of productive, political, ideological and ... Is available. By putting together the pieces of the puzzle of political struggles in this region, we give objectivity to the idea that changing the prevailing space changed the forms of praxis, and the political classes and forces with their praxis challenge the politics of space and space control by the government. Critical points and historical revolutionary moments in different periods, political parties and groups and their practice, social classes, understanding of regional economy, government, institutions of power and dominant political atmosphere, understanding of global capitalist phase and its impact on research geography and domestic production relations are the most important requirements. The raw materials of the research are discussed in two historical episodes (bread and law / from the beginning of the constitution to its end) and episode 2 (worker and murder / from the end of the constitution until 1325). In this praxis-based historical study, episode 1 begins with the bread riot and the constitutionalist praxis, and episode 2 begins with the bread and praxis riots of the protesting workers of the Kermanshah Oil Company, and eventually both episodes end in a coup. The demands made by the protesters in each episode are met or taken to another level. The aristocracy, intellectuals, clergy, tribes, and nomads were present in both episodes, and their political behavior did not change much in either period. In episode 2, the advanced class gradually fades with the advent of the new middle class and has no apparent presence in political developments, but the industrial worker is the stratum that systematically created labor struggles and did not have a visible presence in the first period of research (episode 1). Cinema and the street were also the achievements of changes in the relations of production and space, which are added to space in the second episode and play a role in the production of new space. The ruling power has also undergone changes in recent years, moving from a monarchy to a modern absolute state. "Oil" is an important economic element that has played an important role in changing this atmosphere and has left its effects in political, social and ... relations until today. During the research, we see an effective change from land rent to oil rent. In both episodes, the struggle of the fighting and ruling forces and the effects of pressures and resistances on each other are observed. The result of this conflict is the repulsion of each at a time when the opposing force, after accepting the influence of the other as well as the underlying changes, rises up and acts with a new quality.

      The phenomenon of smuggling is a problem in all countries, but it a more serious problem in developing countries. This phenomenon is known as a problem for it has pervaded the countries' economy and has negative effects, including disruption of economical policy, contributing to increased poverty, facilitating monopolization and money problems. No doubt, these negative effects, cause disorders in different communities and lead to the lack of balance in socioeconomic systems of countries and slow down or even stop all-round development. Several factors have been cited for smuggling but in this study, three important factors of behavioral, structural and contextual are expressed. The nature of smuggling indicates that this phenomenon is closely related to international law. Therefore, some international efforts have been made to prevent and deal with smuggling and this issue have been attended to form different political, economical and international criminal law aspects and one can see various international institutions and organizations such as the WTO or the World Customs Organization and others have paid special attention to it.This research relies on descriptive and analytical methods and use of library studies to explain the status of contraband goods in international law and raises the strategies to counter this issue from the perspective of the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC). The results of this study demonstrate the crucial importance of ICC in improving the culture and development of commerce specialized training with the aim of preventing smuggling in the area of ??international trade. It also expresses that ICC can cover part of the gaps in international treaties and regulations underlying the smuggling phenomenon and through this way play its important role in countering smuggling.

This research intends to examine the return to ancient Iran as an issue that is related to the social totality of contemporary Iran. The purpose of this study is to investigate concretely and empirically this issue in relation to the socioeconomic status of the society. The theoretical framework of the research, i  ired by Bakhtin on the epic and the novel, is obtained. The method of this research is dialectical materialism, which combines everything in one totality. This research was conducted in the Kermanshah city of 1396 solar time.