Homayoun Morad KHani

   The emergence of big data as a set of huge and complex data and its related technological advances provide the basis for big data analysis in the fields of accounting and auditing. For this reason, the purpose of the present study is to study the role of factors affecting the addoption of big data (initial trust, technology-task fit, and performance expectations) by bank inspectors in the banking system audit department. the statistical population of the study includes bank inspectors working in banks listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange, the statistical sample includes 386 people selected based on the simple random sampling method and the research data collection period is the First 6 months of 2024. The data collection tool is a questionnaire and partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) has been used for statistical analysis of the data. According to the research findings, the components of initial trust and performance expectation have a significant effect on the addoption of big data analysis by bank inspectors; but the appropriateness of the task technology does not have a significant effect on the addoption of big data analysis by bank inspectors. The research results indicate the role of trust created in individuals through training or personal recognition and expectation in improving performance, in the acceptance of big data analysis and new technological methods.

Abstract Oil is one of the most crucial energy resources in the global economy, and its price fluctuations have significant impacts on national economies. This study examines the effect of oil price shocks on inflation in the MENA region (Middle East and North Africa) during the period 2010–2023 using the Panel Vector Autoregression (Panel VAR) model. For a more comprehensive analysis, the impact of oil price shocks was first estimated for all MENA countries, followed by a separate evaluation for oil-exporting and oil-importing countries. The results indicate that the effect of oil prices on inflation in oil-exporting and oil-importing countries has been dynamic and variable over time. In the initial phase, an increase in oil prices led to a decline in inflation in oil-exporting countries, which could be attributed to government management of oil revenues and price controls. In oil-importing countries, this relationship was initially indirect, possibly due to regulatory policies aimed at preventing the rise in production and consumption costs. However, in the subsequent phase, as oil prices continued to rise, the relationship between oil prices and inflation became direct. In oil-exporting countries, increased oil revenues resulted in higher liquidity, boosted domestic demand, and consequently led to inflation, a phenomenon that can be linked to Dutch disease. In oil-importing countries, the rise in production, tra  ortation, and import costs contributed to higher inflation rates. By the end of the study period, the impact of oil price shocks on inflation had moderated, likely due to economic adjustments to oil price fluctuations and the implementation of appropriate fiscal and monetary policies. The findings of this study emphasize that oil shocks have a significant effect on inflation in the MENA region; however, these effects have evolved over time and depend on each country's economic policies and structural conditions. These results can assist policymakers in adopting appropriate measures to mitigate the adverse effects of oil price volatility on inflation.

 In the present study, the aim is to examine the impact of variables on poverty in Middle Eastern countries, covering the period 2007-2020. Econometric methods are also used to examine the relationships between variables. The software used in this study is Eviews.

  This study is focused on designing an electronic

 AbstractThe present research seeks to examine intergenerational encounter and the experience of symbolic violence through a study of high school girls in Kamyaran city. This research is conducted in a qualitative framework and designed as applied research. It is based on Pierre Bourdieu’s theoretical perspective on intergenerational encounter and symbolic violence, using qualitative methods such as interviews and various types of analysis.The study population consists of second-year high school girls students in Kamyaran city. From this population, 24 participants were purposefully selected for the study. To collect data, semi-structured interviews were employed. All interviews were analyzed using thematic analysis, coding, and through Bourdieu's conceptual framework of generational interactions, symbolic boundaries, and symbolic violence.Recently reaserchs shows that the issue of intergenerational encounters in the age has created multiple challenges based on this research family and school are as a key factors in the intergeneration encounter were examined. The results show that intergenerational encounter and the experience of symbolic violence can be analyzed and understood in terms of historical, social, cultural, and psychological dimensions. These confrontations often occur both directly and indirectly, with gaps and interactions between generations continuing to intensify symbolic violence

  The financial sector always plays a fundamental role in human development, on the other hand, the movement towards industrialization has increased the speed of human development. Therefore, the relationship between financial development and industrialization on human capital seems important and necessary. In this study, the impact of financial development and industrialization on human capital has been explained and considered by considering other variables affecting human development such as commercial freedom, government size and inflation. The time and place period used in this research is from 1357 to 1400 using the maximum available data for Iran. Based on this, the current research uses the autoregression method with extended breaks (ARDL) in time series to measure the effect of financial development and industrialization on human capital in Iran during the period (1357-1400). The research results show that financial development and industrialization have had a positive and significant effect on human development in Iran during the period (1357-1400). Economic growth and the size of the government have had a negative and significant effect on human development in Iran during the period (1357-1400) and commercial freedom has not had a significant effect.

   Today, due to the expansion of government duties, the need for financial resources has increased. In most countries, especially developed countries, tax revenues are one of the important pillars of financing public expenses and economic development, and its role in the country's budget cannot be ignored. Since individuals in society seek to reduce costs and maximize their profits, it is necessary for the government to provide strategies and methods to simplify tax procedures and requirements in order to increase tax revenues in society. One of these strategies is training taxpayers. The purpose of this research is to study the role of electronic education, print media and tax sensitization programs in tax compliance of taxpayers. This research is an applied research in terms of purpose and a descriptive research in terms of data collection method. The statistical population of this research includes all auditors, chief auditors, and general auditors of the Kermanshah Tax Affairs Department, using Cochran's formula, 227 people were selected by simple random sampling and information was collected by distributing questionnaires. The results of hypothesis testing using chi-square test in    software have shown that there is a positive and significant relationship between taxpayer training and increasing tax compliance. Also, using exploratory factor analysis, among the 20 available variables, 4 factors were identified as the most important factors affecting tax compliance, and then we ranked these factors using Friedman's test. According to the Friedman test, the highest average rank belongs to electronic education, tax payment sensitization programs, face-to-face education and print media, respectively.

  The ability to understand and manage financial concepts is of particular importance for every person, because it has a significant impact on people's financial and economic behavior. One of the basic factors in this field that plays a very important role is financial literacy, which refers to the ability of people to understand and optimally manage financial and tax issues. The purpose of this research is to investigate the role of financial literacy and having credit conditions in accessing bank credits and improving financial performance. The method of descriptive-survey research is applied and correlational. Library method and documentary studies were used in order to collect the theoretical bases regarding the explanation of the literature of the research topic. The tool of data collection in the present study was a questionnaire. The statistical population of this research includes CEOs of micro, small and medium companies in Kermanshah province, which were about 847 people according to the surveys conducted by the organization of industry, mining and trade of Kermanshah province and Iran's industrial information database. Also, according to the number of the statistical population based on Morgan's table, the number of the research sample was determined to be about 260 people. Stratified random sampling method is used. Hypotheses testing has been done using equation structure software. Based on the results of the studies, financial literacy has a significant relationship with access to bank credits and the performance of micro, small and medium enterprises. In addition, there is a significant relationship between credit conditions and access to bank credit. On the other hand, there is no significant relationship between credit conditions and the performance of micro, small and medium companies. But there is a significant relationship between access to bank credit and the performance of micro, small and medium enterprises. In general, the results show that financial literacy and access to bank credit can play an important role in the financial performance of companies, while credit conditions alone may not have much impact on the financial performance of companies. Keywords: financial literacy, credit conditions, bank loans, financial performance

   چكيده از ويژگي‌هاي زيست اقتصادي روستاهاي مرزي بخش نوسود قاچاق و كولبري است. قاچاق و كولبري فعاليتي موقتي، استرس‌زا و ريسك‌پذير است. هدف پژوهش بررسي نقش اقتصاد مرزي در تشديد عرفان عامه است. روش پژوهش كيفي با استفاده از نظريه‌ي زمينه‌اي و گردآوري اطلاعات با استفاده از مصاحبه عميق با فعالان قاچاق و كولبري در بخش نوسود بوده است. يافته‌ها نشان داد موقعيت مرزي، اقتصاد مرزي، وضعيت اقتصادي نامناسب، منعطف بودن شرايط كار قاچاق و كولبري از شرايط علي شكل‌گيري قاچاق و كولبري در نوسود بوده است. خطر و ريسك، عدم ثبات شغلي، حس رقابت، عدم اطمينان به اطرافيان، دسترسي آسان به عناصر عرفان عامه و شرايط محيطي به عنوان شرايط زمينه‌اي و مداخله‌گري هستند كه منجر به اتخاذ استراتژي عرفان عامه از سوي برخي افراد درگير در فعاليت قاچاق و كولبري شده است. پيامد چنين استراتژي، فرسايش اعتماد عمومي، مقبوليت عرفان عامه و ايجاد سوپاپ اطمينان براي ادامه مشاغل همراه با ريسك عنوان شده است.

چكيده خاورميانه از آن دسته مناطقي است كه بيشتر از آنكه داراي همگرايي منطقه اي باشد، مشخصه دائمي آن منازعه و كشمكش است. از جمله بحران ها و منازعات در اين مجموعه امنيتي، منازعـات كشور افغانستان است كه ميتواند بر رونـد و تكامـل مجموعـه امنيتـي خاورميانـه تأثيرگـذ ار باشد.جنگ به عنوان پديده اي مذموم، آثاري همچون فقر و گرسنگي، تخريب زيرساختارها، نابودي مراتع، كـشتزار و جنگـل، آوارگي و بي خانماني، محدوديت هايي درخـصوص حقـوق آزادي افـراد ماننـد رفـت وآمـد، حيـات، تماميـت جـسمي و معنوي، اشتغال، بهداشت، آموزش و به طور كلي تخريب بنيادهاي سياسي، اجتماعي، اقتصادي و فرهنگي را به دنبال خود پيشكش جوامع مينمايد. افغانستان هم به عنوان كشوري درگير جنگ در سه دهه اخير دور از اين مخاصمات جنايات جنگي نبوده است. طالبان و ساير گروه هاي نظامي، از سال 2002 ميلادي نفوذ خود را افغانستان بازسازي كردند. دست كم از سال 2002 ميلادي، مخاصمه مسلحانه در استان هاي جنوبي و شرقي افغانستان بين گروه هاي سازمان يافته مسلح، به طور خاص طالبان، و نيروهاي نظامي افغانستان و نيروهاي بين المللي شدت گرفت. بعد از سال 2002 افزايش چشمگيري داشته است. با بيشتر شدن مخاصمات و تغيير الگوي مخاصمات و گسترش سلاح هاي مرگبار امروزه حقوق دانان و انديشمندان در پي اجراي هر چه بيشتر قوانين و مقررات حقوق بشردوستانه در مخاصمات مسلصانه هستند و در پي اين موضوع سازمان ها و نهاد هاي بين المللي و دولتي و خصوصي بسياري شكل گرفتند. ازجمله اين نهاد ها ميتوان به كميته بين المللي صليب سرخ و هلال احمر كشورها و فعاليت هاي يونيسف نام برد. واژگان كليدي: مخاصمات، منازعات، جنگ، صليب سرخ        

  owadays, calculating efficiency in various organizations and industries is one of the necessary measures in order to compare the level of competitiveness in the domestic and foreign scene of a country, and banks are no exception to this rule. Therefore, it is very important to calculate the efficiency of banks and to know the factors affecting it. Therefore, the current research was conducted with the aim of determining the effect of capital adequacy ratio on the efficiency of the banking industry. For this purpose, 11 private and public banks of Iran were selected as a statistical sample during the years 2012 to 2022 and the required data were extracted from the audited annual financial statements of the banks. To measure the cost efficiency, the data coverage analysis method is used, and for the capital adequacy ratio, the ratio obtained by dividing the basic capital by the total assets weighted by the risk coefficients in percentage terms is used. Also, multivariable regression model and panel data method were used to test the research hypothesis. The results showed that the ratio of capital adequacy has a negative and significant effect on banking efficiency.

حيات اجتماعي در عرصههاي زنانه، گاه افقهاي روشن و متعالي را به خود ديده و از زن، الههها و سمبلهايي آزاديبخش وكنشگرانه ارائه نموده و گاه زن در هيئت كاال و بردهاي زرخريد و بياختيار در خدمت جامعهي مردساالر قرارگرفته است. به همين سياق، زنانگي در بين اقوام مختلف، فرهنگهاي گوناگون و جغرافيايي متفاوت، به اشكال متمايزي ظهور يافته است. زندگي اجتماعي زنان ايالمي، عامليت آنها در ميدان عمل و چگونگي احاطهي ساختار قدرت بر آنها، همگي حكايت از تجربهي متفاوت و منحصر به بافت اجتماعي جامعهي كنوني ايالم دارد. اين پژوهش با بهرهگيري از رويكرد تبارشناسانه نشان ميدهد كه سوبژكتيويتههاي منحصر به زن ايالمي، محصولي دمدستي نيست، بلكه چالشي است عميق و ريشهدار، كه باگذر زمان، در اثر ارادهي دولت براي بازسازي جامعه و بروز تغيير و تحوالت تاريخي-اجتماعي شكل گرفته است. سنخشناسي اين تحوالت و طبقهبندي هويتهاي زنانه، در بازه تاريخي1300تا 1400 بر اساس نقاط عطف تاريخي طبقه بندي شده است. اسناد موجود براي تأييد اين تحوالت از طريق مراجعه به اسناد و مدارك تاريخي موجود در آرشيو كتابخانهي ملي، كتابخانهي مجلس شوراي اسالمي و تاالر پژوهش كتابخانه ملي بدست آمده است. همچنين، جهت درك بهتر روايت زنان ايالمي و همپوشي جامع علمي، با تعدادي از زنان جغرافياي مورد مطالعه، مصاحبه به عمل آمده است. بنابر نتايج اين پژوهش، اسكان عشاير، اجراي طرح توسعه روستايي، انجام طرح اصالحات ارضي، اعزام سپاهيان دانش، گسترس مراكز درماني، تأسيس جادهها و راههاي ارتباطي، فعاليت احزاب سياسي، توسعه نظام اداري، جنگ و توسعه نظام آموزش عالي از جمله رخدادهاي مؤثر تاريخي بوده اند كه زمينهساز تغيير زنانگي زنان ايالمي گرديده و سوبژكتيويتهي خاص آنان را بهوجود آورده است. تحوالت تاريخي اجتماعي در ابتدا سبب حصر در مكان زنان ايالمي شد و به شكلگيري زنانگيهايي از نوع هژمونيك، بروكراتيك، مطالبهگر و جسورانه منجر گرديد. واژگان كليدي: سوبژكتيويته، زنانگي، عامليت، بازسازي جامعه، زنان استان ايالم، دولت.   

      In this research, the public space of Elaheh neighborhood of Kermanshah has been studied. The theoretical basis of the upcoming study is the opinions of Jane Jacobs, which tries to analyze the neighborhood, the street and its space from a new perspective by relying on it, and topics such as the use of sidewalks, the use of local parks, the use of neighborhoods, The necessity of mixing the main uses, the necessity of small buildings and the placement of schools and libraries in the focus of attention. In this article, a qualitative approach is used and the research method used is ethnography, an approach that values the people being researched. and the researcher tries to be aware of their views and opinions. Therefore, they collect data through observation and interview. In the analysis of the findings, all the problems of the neighborhood, including the communication routes and the inconvenience of the residents, to the problems and advantages of the local bazaar and the security and inconsistency of the traffic plans, are considered and suggestions are given for each of them. As a result, indicators and criteria were examined and analyzed, including access, facilities and facilities, social interactions and activities, which are more important factors in attracting people to the public space, and other criteria such as protection, flexibility, security and ... which in turn have a significant impact on the sociability of public spaces. In general, the results indicate that there should be public and lively spaces in different scales so that people can choose the desired space according to their situation, taste, needs, etc. and be present in it. Key words: Elaheh neighborhood, public space, urban life, citizenship, Kermanshah.

   پديده كار كودكان هرروز ابعاد پيچيده‏‌تري پيدا مي‌كند و حضور هر روزه آنان در عرصه‌هاي فعاليت توليدي و كشاورزي، ضرورت سياست‏گذاري درست در اين زمينه را به امري اجتناب ناپذير بدل كرده است. بيش از ?? سال از تصويب پيمان‌نامه حقوق كودك مي‌گذرد و ساليان زيادي از كنفرانس‏هاي عمومي سازمان بين‏‌المللي كار گذشته است كه كار كودك را ممنوع اعلام كرده‌اند و خواهان پايان دادن به بهره‌كشي از كودكان و اقدامات ملي كشورها در اين زمينه شده‌اند. سازمان ملل و سازمان بين‌المللي كار با طرح برنامه‌هايي خواهان لغو كار كودك و ريشه كني فقر در جهان تا سال ???? شده‌‏اند. زماني كه برنامه اعلام شد دست‌‏اندركاران اين برنامه   فكر مي‏‌كردند سال‌هاي زيادي در پيش است و مي‌توان با اجراي برنامه‌هاي دراز مدت و كوتاه مدت به اين مهم دست يافت. در سال‌هاي گذشته با اتكاء به كمك‌هاي مالي بين‏‌المللي و كوشش فعالان مدني در جهت اجراي برنامه‌هاي مبارزه با فقر و برنامه‌هاي آموزشي جمعيت كار كودكان تا سال ???? كاهش چشمگيري يافت اما از سال ???? اين رشد با كندي قابل توجهي روبرو شده است. مسئله اشتغال كودكان در جهان و ايران، واقعيتي دردناك است كه كمتر به آن توجه شده است و تا زماني كه فقر، ناآگاهي،   نابرابري و خشونت   وجود داشته باشد مشكل كار كودك به قوت خود باقي است. كار كودكان، تجاوز آشكار   به حقوق آنان است كه اغلب مورد غفلت قرار گرفته است. از آنجا كه از ديرباز كودكان در اقتصاد مبتني بر كشاورزي در مزارع و كنار ساير افراد خانواده كار مي‏‌كردند گويا زمينه اين غفلت و بي توجهي نسبت به اين مسئله توجيه شده است. البته اين غفلت شرم‌آور از طرف حكومت‌ها، بازار تجارت جهاني و بخش‌هاي مختلف قدرت صورت مي‏‌گيرد كه با وجود همه قوانين و مقاوله نامه‌ها از كار كودكان   سود مي‌‏برند و بخشي از اقتصاد زير زميني را با اتكا به كار آنان سازمان مي‌دهند. كار كودكان   ارزان است. كودكان از نظر جسمي و ذهني مطيع هستند. كار كودكان اتحاديه ندارند و نمي‌توانند به دادگاهي   شكايت برند. نبود يك اراده سياسي در جهان براي پايان دادن به كار كودكان   يكي از مهم‌ترين دلايل   ادامه حضور كودكان در بازار كار است.

    In this study, with a qualitative approach and through face-to-face interview, we investigated the lived experience of women from domestic violence in the Islamabad -e-Gharb city. Research data were collected by sampling 14 women aged 23 to 51 years. In this city with a traditional texture, the culture of patriarchy has always prevailed and women have been exposed to all kinds of violence by their husbands. In this study, we used feminist perspectives as the theoretical framework of our research. during the interviews, we formulated the concepts obtained in three dimensions: conditional (causal, intervening and contextual), interactive and consequential. It was also found that most types of violence are related to economic violence and the least type of violence is emotional. This study showed that domestic violence against women arises directly from the patriarchal construction of this society and it is a legitimate way to express male domination and it is fueled by traditional and historical contexts.Key words: women, domestic violence, Islamabad-e-Gharb city

   هدف: با توجه به اهميت تاريخ، سرگذشت شخصيت تاريخي چون يارمحمدخان كرمانشاهي به منظور آشنايي با مقطعي از تاريخ مشروطه و خود او، ضروري است. هدف از اين پايان نامه تحليل روايت راويان در باره يارمحمدخان كرمانشاهي، و پاسخ به اين پرسش است كه چه تفاوتي در روايت هاي مربوط به يارمحمدخان كرمانشاهي وجود دارد؟ آيا   روايت هاي مختلف در مورد يارمحمدخان كرمانشاهي، به خاستگاه فكري راويان او باز مي گردد؟   و چرا يارمحمدخان كرمانشاهي در خاطره جمعي مردم كرمانشاه باقي نمانده است؟ اساس كار پژوهش حاضر، سرگذشت يارمحمدخان كرمانشاهي بر اساس تحليل روايت است. مبناي كار، تحليل تاريخي روايات راويان مختلف در باره اين شخصيت تاريخي است.

  The purpose of this study is to study the phenomenon of female suicide in Holeilan city usinga qualitative method. To achieve this, in-depth interviews were conducted with 18 women andgirls who had attempted suicide or a woman who had attempted suicide. The theoretical basisof this research is a look at two theories, one is Durkheim's suicide theory; By claiming thatfemale suicide is a narrative of fateful suicide, and another is Giddens's view of the impact ofmodernity on the socialization of individuals and the formation of their identity. According tothe findings of this study, factors such as the emergence of the media, the development ofschools and universities and the growth and development of suburban tra  ortation on theone hand, and the spread of factors such as family disputes, forced marriages, domesticviolence, divorce, slander, supervision Maximum and mandatory coverage have had asignificant impact on the formation and increase of suicide. Keywords: Suicide, Women,Holeilan, Patriarchy, Identity

      Research in thefield of civil life and the threats that target everyday life, one of theimportant aspects of studies is related to urban policy which it's subject ofthe present study. The purpose of the review is to critique the distortedperception that physical and geographical changes of passages and urbanelements remains on the physical level while making any changes and removingthe elements that the street leads to have a great impact on the urban'scontext. The present study examines the non – level intersections of Velayatand Imam Hussein and removes connecting urban elements such as squares at sensitiveborder points, between neighborhoods. This research is based on the criticalparadigm and the method of urban critical studies. The basic concepts are theBorder Vacuum, non-places and civil life. The study conducted in the datacollection section was based on non – interventionist observation and examinesthe businesses on the street leading to the two non – level intersections.Construction of large – scale structures in this metropolitan area of thehistorical city of Kermanshah, it has caused a great obstacle to the connectionof urban neighborhoods through passages and the presence of residents of otherneighborhoods encounter an obstacle such as a non – level intersections. Thesenon – places in the sensitive border points have created a connection with theneighborhoods adjacent to border vacuum and the destructive effects of locationand boundary, Vacuum are synergistically degrading the existing fragile publicspace it is declining. Therefore, the existing business in Shahid ShemshadianBoulevard have moved towards temporary industrial services, if the mentionedeffects intensify, the neighborhood will become a perpetual slum.   Key wordsUrban spaces - non-level intersections – Border – Urban policy – Civil life  

  Due to its size, thisorganization is influenced by other institutions and one other hand how itoperates effects the development process of societies the world isreaching   developing countries, includingIran. Our aim in this dissertation is to study how the impact of privatizationon education and its dimensions and consequences, becausethe present study looks at the privatization of education from a criticalperspective, the method by this how can we examine   the privatization of education and itsconsequences from a political economy perspective.The tools used in this method also includeddocumenting upstream information to reveal the source of macro decisions at thenational   level as well as interviewtools that were done in a semi structured way and analyzed in the from ofcontextual construction.The finding of the research and data analysisas well as the main premise of the dissertation are based on the fact that dueto the high   costs out sourced to thelogic of profit to prevail and the education of the power and wealth of capitalowners to be placed in the private sector.Aa a result those in power focus onareas thatare profitable foe them such as orienting students to the experimental field. Strengthenging competition in the field for socialstatus due to their lack of financial means to educate their children.it isimportant to note that the government itself due to not allocating sufficientfunds to education and on the other hand pays special attention to the ministryof health in strengthening privatization with the focus on increasing thetendency to experimental field with the private sector.

In this research, we seek to study the social, cultural, economical, and social trends of the Torkashvand tribe in the contemporary history of Iran.   Theoretical approach of the article is based on Salzmann's theory about political organization among nomads and different elements of nomadic life, Barth's theory about the social structure of tribes and nomads, Iron’s theory about the economic organization of tribes and nomads, and also ltr">  

حافظه از مهم­ترين ابعاد فردي و اجتماعي انسان­هاست. انسان­ها نه تنها در بعد فردي بلكه در بعد اجتماعي نيز با حافظه درگير هستند. حافظه حتي در شخصي­ترين وجه خود تحت تاثير زمينه­هاي اجتماعي، اقتصادي وسياسي است. هنجارها، ارزش­ها و قوانين اجتماعي كه بسياري از آنها نسل به نسل منتقل شده­اند، گوياي اين امر است كه حافظه وراي بعد فردي و ذهني داراي بعد اجتماعي نيز هست. حافظه جمعي مانند يك مخزن يا قالب ثابت و تغييرناپذير نيست بلكه يك فرآيند است كه تحت تاثير زمان حال و چارچوب­هاي اجتماعي برساخته مي­شود. مسئله اصلي پژوهش حاضر با عنوان "لهستانيان در جنگ جهاني دوم در كرمانشاه"، سعي در فهم و درك چگونگي فرآيند فراموشي درباره آوارگان لهستاني در شهر كرمانشاه است. چارچوب نظري پژوهش براساس نظريه حافظه ي اجتماعي موريس هالبواكس و چارچوب­هاي اجتماعي حافظه ( سن، جنس، نژاد، مذهب، قوميت، پايگاه اقتصادي-اجتماعي) كه هالبواكس به آن­ها اشاره مي­كند، استوار است و همچنين از آراي   پل ريكور   كه خود نيز در بحث يادآوري و فراموشي تحت تاثير نظريه حافظه اجتماعي هالبواكس قرار دارد، استفاده شده­است. رويكرد پژوهش كيفي است و از روش تحليل روايت استفاده شده­است. از طريق نمونه­گيري هدفمند با 82 نفر مصاحبه شده­است و براي افزايش اعتبار پژوهش، اسناد مربوطه نيز مورد بررسي   قرار گرفته شده­است. نتايج پژوهش حاكي از اين امر است كه حافظه جمعي تحت تاثير عواملي همچون رسانه­ها، آموزش رسمي، مراسمات يادبودي و اجتماعات يادماني ، مكان­ها، امكان وجود گروه­هاي متنوع در جامعه و ارتباط و عضوگيري گروهاي اجتماعي مختلف با يكديگر، طبقه اقتصادي و اجتماعي و ايدئولوژي   برساخته مي­شود.   

  AbstractProviding career counseling is one of the most important methods to strengthen and improve self-efficacy in decision making and reduce career path indecision. If the consultation is based on scientific and practical principles, it will have very beneficial effects on the decision-making process. Appropriate career counseling is essential for students, especially high school students, who are usually on the verge of multiple thoughts and beliefs and are preparing for multiple academic and career choices. Due to the importance of the subject, this study investigates the effectiveness of Career counseling based on Krumboltz learning theory on decision-making self-efficacy and career path indecision of female high school students in Islamabad Gharb. The purpose of this study is to measure the effectiveness of job counseling on decision-making self-efficacy and job indecision. The statistical population of the study is female high school students in the 98-99 academic year in the western city of Islamabad. The sample size was selected through multi-stage cluster sampling and a questionnaire test so that among those who received the lowest score, 30 specific people were selected and randomly divided into two groups. After completing the questionnaire, this number was selected from the people who received the lowest score and was randomly divided into two groups of 15 controls and experiments. Then, based on the protocol of the training sessions, the experimental group was give 8 sessions of 1/5-hour job counseling using the post-test-pre-test method. The collected data were then evaluated and analyzed using analysis of covariance. Findings show that job counseling based on Cromboltz's learning theory has a significant effect on decision-making self-efficacy and decision-making career path of students and has led to enhanced self-efficacy and reduced indecision in students. And this significance was (0.001) and (0.00), respectively. Also, the findings of the follow-up test to evaluate the stability of these effects for the variables of job decision self-efficacy (0.098) and career path indecision (0.081) showed. Therefore, the conclusion obtained from the analysis of the findings was that career counseling affects the self-efficacy of decision-making and indecision of students' career path, and this effect has lasting effects on students.

Abstract This research is written in order to demonstrate the necessity of critical examination and review and also questioning of those poems which - by the given definition of this text - must be called 'public'. In order to do so, three definitions of 'public' will be provided: 1. public, in regard to the statement which is being posed in the poem. 2. Public, in regard to the amount of audiences who dwell in the poem and 3. Public, in regard to the virality and epidemicality of the poem. And will be argued that because of all those qualities that poems have - such as imagination, synesthesia, literary and Stylistic devices, rhyme and rhythm - if the content and statement would be left unquestioned, the result could be dangerous. Research method is Qualitative Content Analysis and in the end, it was concluded that critical dialogue and questioning public poem has a defendable necessity and in case of a noncritical encounter with public poems, the result could be dangerous. Keywords: statement, the public, public poem, private poem, proposition, poem   

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the verbal content of schizophrenic patients aged 20-60 years old in the daily care and rehabilitation center of chronic psychiatric patients in Bistoon in the first trimester of 1398. It means the content of words, delusions, the content of thinking, and generally the language impairments of people with schizophrenia. In view of the above, questions arose in the researcher's mind and interviews and analysis were carried out. Theoretical sampling was done and finally 4 people (including 2 men and 2 women) with schizophrenic mental disorder were selected. In the present study, data were collected through in-depth interviews and observations and data analysis was done through phenomenological method. According to the results of this study, it can be concluded that inconsistency is one of the most obvious symptoms of schizophrenic patients' speech, as well as impaired state of mind and functions leading to auditory hallucinations and delusions that have both speech structures. Research findings showed that these people have difficulty in the process of speech persistence. According to these findings, the speech of people with schizophrenia is often described as discontinuous speech. On the other hand, according to the results of this study, family dysfunction is one of the recurrent factors in schizophrenia.

  Review  The question of identity can be posed in the context of new theoretical discourse as a space. Identity can be Vrd.az Dstavrdgftman into account all the facts in this perspective, discourses are formed, so the identities are rooted in the discourse. Find uniqueness of this approach on how to organize production and a discursive practice focuses on shaping and defining identities. Discussion on the construction of three phenomena, social identity, social relationships and the meaning of knowledge and thus helps the functioning of the discourse of identity, relationships, and thought the main purpose of this research is the study of the discursive construction of identity in the Persian books (to read) and primary school Bashd.mtvn learning resources which can be used as a narrative identities are considered. Because identity is always some sort of representation of a narrative is and always has been and always within the framework of discourse construction Shvndvdr systems are represented. and its dominant influence over your audience so that your goals are achieved. The method used in this study is a qualitative methodology and methods of discourse analysis as a research procedure has been used. We performed this study to analyze texts and documents related to the interpretation and analysis of data Our research data from sources Prdakhtym.dr Vasnadvmdark (Persian textbooks for elementary) obtained. Arrangements and the steps that will help them to interpret and organize the data we use include conceptualization, concept-building, coding, and Ya  t relevance of the categories using the categories Vmqvlh processing. What was considered in the final analysis, the central signifiers shifting daily, the floating slab and the articulation Bashndkh conceptual tools and methods of discourse analysis to evaluate the style of the theoretical framework of this study is Lklayv Vmvfh Ast.nzryh results of discourse analysis literature investigation shows that the construction of identity in this book are: language, culture and Persian literature, Islam, Islamic Revolution, modernity, national history, environment, civility, family, personal and social ethics, character, and religious Iranian warriors health. it is creating a special normative patterns that affected other Hvythaaz discourses and identities. But . The essence of the subjects identity through identification with something outside itself acquires and knows himself as a person.Key words: identity construction, articulation, books for elementary Persian, Laclau Vmvfh, racing rims and highlighting