Sayed Mohammad Bagher Najafi

Abstract          Social development, as one of the key dimensions of sustainable development, plays an important role in improving the quality of life, social justice, and increasing public participation. In Iran, despite the efforts made in the economic field, many social indicators such as poverty, inequality, unemployment, and weak governance remain challenging. The main objective of this study is to investigate and estimate the effect of selected economic factors on social development in Iran during the period 1382 to 1400. In this regard, the autoregressive distribution lag (ARDL) model has been used to analyze the short-term and long-term relationships between economic variables and the social development index. In this study, social development is defined as a composite index including life expectancy, social capital, and the Gini coefficient, and the independent variables including poverty, employment rate, life expectancy, quality of governance, business environment, and income inequality (Gini coefficient) have been considered.    The results of the ARDL model estimation showed that in the long run, variables such as life expectancy, business environment, quality of governance, and employment rate have a positive and significant effect on social development, while poverty has a negative and significant effect on it. The Gini coefficient also showed a positive effect, contrary to theoretical expectations, which could depend on the method of calculating the composite index and requires cautious interpretation. Short-term results were also observed in a similar direction, but with a different strength of effect. Accordingly, it is suggested that economic policymakers take steps to promote social development in the country by focusing on reducing poverty, improving public health, improving the quality of governance, facilitating the business environment, and increasing job opportunities. It is also recommended to review the indicators for measuring social development and use regional and multidimensional approaches in future studies.   

 Abstract: The increasing trend of income inequality, along with high inflation, unemployment, and social injustice in the Middle East, has made this region one of the most unequal regions in the world. These acute socio-economic conditions have made it more than ever clear that policymakers need to pay serious attention to the issue of reducing inequality and more equitable income distribution. In the meantime, corruption is recognized as one of the most important structural factors exacerbating inequality in the countries of this region. This study examines in-depth the mechanisms of the impact of corruption on income inequality in the Middle East. In this regard, to examine the relationship between corruption and other control variables such as the global governance index, gross domestic product, trade openness, and unemployment rate with income inequality, panel data econometric techniques are used with annual data over the period 2012-2022 for 12 Middle East countries based on the World Bank classification.

   Non-communicable diseases (NCDs), particularly cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes, are among the most significant public health challenges in Iran. In addition to their negative impact on quality of life, they impose a substantial economic burden on patients, families, and the healthcare system. In Iran, especially in Kermanshah Province, the high prevalence of these diseases and the direct and indirect costs associated with them highlight the need to identify innovative, preventive approaches. This study aims to identify knowledge-based factors and strategies effective in preventing cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes, with a focus on improving public health and reducing related economic costs. The research is applied and qualitative in nature, employing the Delphi method and a researcher-made questionnaire to collect the opinions of specialist physicians in the fields of cardiology and diabetes in Kermanshah Province. The data were collected through purposive sampling and analyzed using    software and appropriate statistical methods.

Political attention in developing countries means the ability and power to make decisions in the allocation of scarce resources of the country in regions where the country's economic managers and decision-makers are from that region or are influenced by parliamentarians, influential or pressure groups, or processes that redirect scarce resources that can be allocated in favor of some regions with more attention. This process will be formed in a hidden and hidden way in the numbers of economic indicators. But some constructed economic indicators can demonstrate part of this power and ability to apply more attention. In this study, the effect of the political attention coefficient through budget allocation, financial facilities, employment policies, and taxes on inflation and economic growth of provinces in 31 provinces of Iran during the period 1385-1402 was examined. Using the FMOLS model, the results showed that PFI, PBI, EPR enhance growth but increase inflation, while Total Tax reduces growth and inflation.   

In the contemporary world, food security, as one of the main pillars of sustainable development and social welfare, plays a central role in the economic and social policies of countries. This concept, which, according to the definition of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), emphasizes universal access to sufficient, safe, and nutritious food for an active and healthy life, is affected by several factors, including exchange rate fluctuations. Exchange rate, as a macroeconomic variable, can affect food access, supply stability, and nutritional quality through its impact on import costs, domestic inflation, and household purchasing power. In developing economies such as Iran, which have a significant dependence on food imports and agricultural inputs, exchange rate fluctuations have become a major challenge for maintaining food security. However, a comprehensive study of the impact of these fluctuations on various dimensions of food security has received less attention. This study aimed to analyze the effect of exchange rate fluctuations on food security in Iran during the period 2010-2013. Using the fully modified least squares (FMOLS) econometric method and time series data, this study seeks to identify the channels of exchange rate impact on the Food Security Index (FSI) and to provide policy solutions to reduce its negative effects. By providing a comprehensive framework, this study fills the gap in the research literature and offers a new perspective for policymaking in the field of food security.   

In the contemporary world, smart economy has become a key factor in the economic transformation of countries by expanding its effects on various economic sectors, including the development of research and development, technology-based employment, innovation, and entrepreneurship. This process, relying on needs such as reducing production costs, accurate and fast documentation, efficient financial transactions, and reducing human error, not only increases productivity, but also transforms government systems, banking, and competitive markets. However, the effects of smart economy on macroeconomic indicators such as inflation and growth, especially in emerging economies, have been less comprehensively studied. This study aimed to analyze the effect of smart economy on inflation and economic growth in the BRICS countries (including new members including Iran) during the period 2005-2023. The results showed that smart economy, while strengthening economic growth through increased productivity, can increase inflation in the short term due to initial infrastructure costs. By providing a dual framework and utilizing up-to-date data, this study fills the gap in the research literature and offers a new perspective in this field.

  Acquiring housing is one of the country's economic goals. One of the factors influencing housing prices is income distribution. With the improvement of income distribution, the price of housing decreases. Using the statistical evidence of Iran, the present study investigates the effect of income distribution policy on housing prices in the period of 1395-1400 in the provinces of Iran. In this regard, the panel data approach is used. The results obtained from this research show that income distribution has a positive and significant effect on housing prices. In other words, with the increase in income inequality, housing prices will also increase. Regarding housing demand, the results indicated a positive and significant effect of housing demand on housing prices.

Economic development is the aspiration of all nations, and a necessary (but not sufficient) condition for its realization is stable economic growth. Investment is also necessary for the realization of economic growth. Today, almost all development experts believe that the quality of governance plays a fundamental role in attracting capital, and on the other hand, the exchange rate is also one of the key variables affecting investment. Therefore, the present study seeks to examine the effect of the quality of governance and the exchange rate on investment in Iran during the period 1357 to 1401, considering the maximum available data and using the autoregression with extended lags (ARDL) method. The results of the study show that the quality of governance and the logarithm of GDP have a positive and significant effect on the logarithm of investment in the short and long term. However, the logarithm of the exchange rate and the nominal interest rate have a negative and significant effect on the logarithm of investment in the short and long term. Therefore, given the adverse effects of exchange rate fluctuations and uncertainty and good governance, in order to attract investment, it is necessary to avoid policies that exacerbate exchange rate fluctuations and to strive to improve governance.  

   Timeliness of financial reports is very important to increase the efficiency of capital markets and reduce information asymmetry. Because the delay in submitting the audit report is one of the few variables related to audit efficiency that can be seen by stakeholders. Meanwhile, there are regulatory concerns that the auditor's workload threatens the quality of financial reporting. The purpose of this research is the moderating role of financial reporting quality on the relationship between time pressure and audit report timeliness. This research is descriptive-correlational researches in terms of its purpose and is applied researches in terms of method, and in order to discover the relationships between the independent and dependent variables of the research, the mixed data regression technique (panel) was used. A sample of 120 companies was investigated by random sampling in the period of 2016 to 2021 from the companies admitted to the Tehran Stock Exchange. For this purpose, calculations and implementation of econometric tests were done using EViews software. By estimating the regression model as a panel with fixed effects, the regression coefficients were estimated and finally, the results showed that there is no significant relationship between the time pressure and the audit report timeliness. The financial reporting quality does not have a moderating effect on the relationship between the time pressure and the audit report timeliness. According to the results, it can be said that the destructive effect of the high workload of the audit partners on the audit report timeliness is not as widespread as contemporary researches have suggested.

The purpose of this research is to identify and rank the effective factors in sustainable production in the conditions of economic recession and sanctions in Iran Khodro Company. The statistical population of the research in the qualitative part is 18 academic experts, experts of the Ministry of Safety and experts of Iran Khodro Company. The statistical population of this study is, in a quantitative part, all the employees of Iran Khodro Company in the country. To select the sample, 375 employees of Iran Khodro Company were selected as a sample using stratified random sampling method and using Cochran's formula. This research is practical based on the purpose. From the point of view of how to collect information, it is of mixed exploratory and qualitative-quantitative research. The data collection tool in the qualitative section is an interview. In the current research, semi-structured interviews were used to identify and rank the effective factors in sustainable production in Iran Khodro company under sanctions and economic recession. The qualitative part of this research was done using the Delphi technique. Data analysis was done in the quantitative part of structural equations. All the key points of the interviews were extracted and coded, and after their review and analysis, similar codes were assigned to specific concepts, and finally 40 indicators in the form of 4 variables (economic and social, environmental, technological, and managerial) as effective factors in Sustainable production in the conditions of sanctions and economic recession was identified in Iran Khodro Company and the managerial factor has the most influence and also the economic and social factor has the least influence in sustainable production in the conditions of sanctions and economic recession (the study of Iran Khodro Company).  

 Abstract The users of financial statements, who are in two groups, internal and external, need financial information according to their needs and goals. Companies publish information required by users in financial reports. Published financial information must be understandable by the user, therefore financial statements must have qualitative characteristics such as comprehensibility, comparability and reliability. Therefore, the way of presenting financial information is of particular importance. The current research is done with the aim of presenting accounting information in a new format. As a result, the aim of this research is to investigate the impact of financial accounting information and infographics on the understanding of users of financial statements. The current research is in the descriptive-survey research group in terms of its practical purpose and data collection method. The statistical population of the research includes all students of Razi University, numbering 11080 people. In addition, 371 people were selected as a statistical sample using Cochran sampling and simple random sampling method. The desired data was collected through the distribution of questionnaires among students. Also, one-sample t-test and independent t-test were used to check the research hypotheses. The results obtained in the research show that students prefer the traditional format for presenting financial statements, however, the results show that in some cases (such as costs) infographics work better. In general, the accounting information provided in the infographic format has reduced the visual and real understanding compared to the traditional format.

  پژوهش حاضر با هدف، شناسايي

  The financial sector always plays a fundamental role in human development, on the other hand, the movement towards industrialization has increased the speed of human development. Therefore, the relationship between financial development and industrialization on human capital seems important and necessary. In this study, the impact of financial development and industrialization on human capital has been explained and considered by considering other variables affecting human development such as commercial freedom, government size and inflation. The time and place period used in this research is from 1357 to 1400 using the maximum available data for Iran. Based on this, the current research uses the autoregression method with extended breaks (ARDL) in time series to measure the effect of financial development and industrialization on human capital in Iran during the period (1357-1400). The research results show that financial development and industrialization have had a positive and significant effect on human development in Iran during the period (1357-1400). Economic growth and the size of the government have had a negative and significant effect on human development in Iran during the period (1357-1400) and commercial freedom has not had a significant effect.

One of the issues that has received the attention of researchers today and is based on the study of the impact of human activities on the environment and the earth, is the ecological footprint. The purpose of this study is to investigate the long-term relationship between ecological footprint per capita and variables of economic complexity, GDP per capita, energy consumption (renewable and fossil fuel) and financial development, in the period of 1995-2021 using panel data in the countries of China, Japan, India, South Korea and Iran are based on threshold panel and non-threshold panel method. The results of the cointegration test indicate the existence of a long-term relationship between the model variables. The results show that the environmental hypothesis of Kuznets (inverted U growth-ecological footprint relationship) is confirmed in this group of countries. Fossil energy consumption and renewable energy consumption significantly increases and decreases the ecological footprint, respectively. Financial development in the threshold panel model significantly reduces the ecological footprint, while this effect is not significant in the non-threshold panel model. According to the threshold estimates, the threshold value of the economic complexity index is estimated to be 1.12. With the increase of economic complexity, in amounts less than 1.12, the ecological footprint increases with a rate of 0.034. This is while in values greater than 1.12 with the increase in economic complexity, the ecological footprint increases with a rate of 0.0765 (more than 0.034). According to non-threshold estimates, at very low levels of knowledge and economic complexity, ecological footprints decrease as economies become more complex, but then, as economic complexity increases, ecological footprints increase at an increasing rate. In order to achieve sustainable development along with increasing the level of knowledge and economic complexity, it is suggested to the studied countries to use production processes and environmentally friendly technologies, replace renewable energy instead of fossil energy and grow the financial sector. Keywords: economic complexity, ecological footprint, threshold panel model and Kuznets ecological hypothesi  

  The labor market in Iran is one of the most important relationships that determine social systems, and by analyzing it, the intertwined economic and social processes can be explained. The situation of women in the labor market is much more complicated and little research has been done about it. Meanwhile, divorced women have a unique situation that this research tries to explain part of the relationships governing the work of divorced women in Kermanshah. The inferiority of women in the labor market and social relations by intensifying each other has created a different situation that whatever is established for the workforce has become more intense in the case of women. Divorced women are at the bottom of the labor market and are exploited in v

   Comparative comparison of performance evaluation models of agricultural and livestock companies in Kermanshah province and presentation of optimal performance evaluation model Abstract Objective: The evaluation process is one of the most important processes that every collection needs to ensure its survival and to know the quality of its performance and accurate implementation of its programs. In this regard, the current research was conducted with the aim of comparative comparison of performance evaluation models and providing the optimal performance evaluation model. Research Methodology: The research was conducted with a qualitative and documentary method. In order to achieve the objectives of the research, first by studying the selected texts and document review of researches related to common performance evaluation models, the main indicators and components intended to evaluate the performance of organizations and companies were categorized, then for each of the performance evaluation models, the indicators and components of that model It was evaluated and compiled, and finally, based on the obtained indicators, performance evaluation models were compared. Data analysis methods were thematic analysis and descriptive statistical indicators. Results: The results obtained from the research showed that among the performance evaluation models, the balanced evaluation model is a more comprehensive and optimal model and provides more complete results and more components for a comprehensive and correct evaluation of the performance of companies and organizations compared to other models. Conclusion: According to the obtained results, it can be said that among the performance evaluation models, the balanced evaluation model is the most optimal and efficient model for performance evaluation in agricultural and animal husbandry companies. Keywords: performance evaluation, Balanced Score Card, comparative comparison

  Abstract During the last three decades, the countries that are members of the Economic Cooperation and Development Organization have moved their production model towards the knowledge-based production model, especially the production of high-tech products, in order to increase the per capita income of their country. According to UNIDO data, in 2021, the largest share of Iran's industrial export structure is source-oriented, and the share of high-tech products is about half a percent, which has caused Iran's per capita income to be low compared to other countries in the region. The knowledge-based production method requires attention to the prerequisites for achieving this production model. South Korea is a successful example of the leading countries in the field of production and export of nanotechnology products. The set of actions of this country in its nanotechnology market includes the cultivation of human skills, the development of appropriate communication infrastructures, investment in research and development of high-tech products, attention to the importance of innovation, and the support of the South Korean government to small and medium-sized companies. In this research, following the introduction of the most important prerequisites for the realization of the knowledge-based production model, the most important variables affecting the growth of nanotechnology products in Iran, and also investigating the effect of each of the variables on the growth of nanotechnology products in Iran through the estimation of the GMM model over a period of time. 1390-1400 and introducing some policies for reforming production methods in Iran.According to the research findings, the cost of research and development, working manpower, capital stock and the degree of openness of the economy are the most important factors affecting the growth of nanotechnology products in Iran, as well as the importance of lifelong learning, the importance of innovation, information and communication infrastructures. Appropriate, change in management methods and government support are the most important prerequisites for the realization of this production method. In this regard, the most important strategic policies for increasing nanotechnology production, including science, technology, and innovation policies, as well as policies for direct support, indirect support, catalytic financial support, and policies for improving macro conditions and infrastructure development, have been introduced. Keywords: knowledge-based economy, nanotechnology, South Korea, strategic policies

   Abstract Mental models and beliefs that result from the human cognitive system and learning lead to the formation of institutions. Institutions determine the scope of choices and decision-making of individuals and societies and the fate of the development of societies. Therefore, it is necessary to modify them to realize development. Since people are born in a world full of institutions, their mental models get used to common institutions from the birth moment, and consequently, they do not recognize the problems of ineffective institutions to resolve them. This is the main obstacle to the development of developing countries. Hence, this paper attempts to find a solution to empower and increase people's cognition and knowledge. The data were collected by the library-documentary method, and descriptive-analytical method and content analysis method were used to analyze the data. According to the findings of the paper, critical thinking can lead to institutional modifications by empowering rational thinking, evaluating inferences and beliefs, and providing a ground for changing mental models and beliefs, which ultimately help provide necessary prerequisites for development. Also, considering the three reasons of the importance of critical thinking, the formation of personality in the first years of life, the permanence and better consolidation of what is learned in the mind, if the education starts from childhood, the best time for teaching evaluative thinking is the elementary education stage. In order to examine the current status of teaching critical thinking in elementary school, in this treatise, the first to sixth science books of this stage and the sixth book of thinking and research are. were subject to content analysis in terms of training this content. In the science books of this stage, low-level skills of critical thinking such as analysis and inference have been given, but little attention has been paid to other skills. In the book of thinking and research, good attention has been paid to some high-level elements of critical thinking such as evaluation. More attention should be paid to other important skills such as identifying assumptions.

  GOs and credit cooperatives are among the non-bank financial institutions that are important providers of microfinance, while in most societies, banks still maintain their dominance in the field of microcredit services.Microfinance was founded in 1970 and has a special place in advanced societies as well as an essential role in the economy of development and poverty alleviation in developing countries. Today, such organizations can operate in various forms such as institutions, institutions, loan funds, cooperatives, associations, boards and groups, and the financing of each of them in Islamic societies requires Sharia contracts to prevent usury. The activity process of such funds, jurisprudential and legal hypotheses are possible. Among these assumptions, it is possible to refer to contracts of representation, guarantee, conditional gift, conditional loan, etc. In the continuation of this research, it should be mentioned that non-governmental charity loan funds, according to the loan, partnership, representation, grant and peace contracts with the members, attract capital or the membership fee, and the fees charged by these funds are analyzed and analyzed. The type of study and the method of examining the hypotheses in this research is library, internet and jurisprudential software.

  The purpose of this research is to provide a model for customer life cycle management in social network banking. Other objectives of the research are to determine the weight and relative importance of the indicators used in the grouping of bank customers, to determine the CLV position of each of the customer categories and to determine the appropriate strategies of the bank in dealing with each of the customer categories that are engaged in social network banking at different stages of the customer's life cycle. Is. Also, the role of social networks in the banking system and the opportunities created by it were comprehensively investigated. The type of research method of this research is based on the purpose of an applied research, based on data collection is a survey descriptive research, and based on the approach or methodology, it is a qualitative research. In this research, content analysis and Delphi methods were used to collect data. The content analysis method was used to extract the research model and the Delphi method was used to test the model and improve it. The means of data collection were content analysis, document studies and Delphi method, interviews and distribution of questionnaires with closed and open questions. In the documentary and library method, theoretical foundations related to the research subject and the background of the studies conducted inside and outside the country on the subject under study were examined and many written sources including books, articles, theses and websites were searched. Then, the identified factors were strengthened by means of a Delphi questionnaire with closed and open questions. In the content analysis method, the statistical population included all the reviewed articles in the field of customer life cycle management and social network banking, and only the texts that were most related to the research topic were selected. The statistical population of the research using the Delphi method was academic experts and IT officials working in banks and universities, 30 of whom were selected by judgmental purposeful sampling and then snowballing until saturation was reached. The results of the research show that in the content analysis method, 60 indicators were obtained to provide a model for managing the customer life cycle in the bank and they entered the Delphi stage. In three Delphi rounds, 44 indicators were added to the indicators, and out of a total of 104 indicators, all were agreed upon by the experts. The proposed model of this research has 4 dimensions, 22 components and 104 indicators.

   Household demography and changes in household dimensions are among the cases that have not been studied much. The studies that have been done in this field are mostly descriptive and small geographical scale. One of the demographic problems in today's societies is the decrease in the size of the household, which has led to changes in the structure of societies. A household is a group of people that is considered as a coherent and effective unit in economic and social dimensions in human societies. In fact, households are the central core of demographic, social and economic processes. For this reason, any decrease or increase in the household dimension is very important, because it can have different economic and social consequences. Based on this, in this study, the changes in the average size of the household in Iran and the influence of different variables on it were investigated. Factors such as human development, urbanization rate, cost of education and cost of energy consumption in the household affect the dimensions of the household. By adopting a panel approach and based on household statistical data, this study examines the relationship between household dimensions and human development and the changes that occurred in the average household dimensions in Iran and the factors affecting it during the period 1389-1399. The findings showed that during the mentioned period, the average size of the household has decreased, and in general, all the variables of this study have a negative and significant effect on the size of the household.

   توسعه اقتصادي مهم‌ترين آرمان كشورهاي توسعه نيافته است و زنان نه تنها به عنوان نيمي از جمعيت هدف توسعه، بلكه به عنوان تربيت‎‌كنندگان نسل‌هاي آينده، مربيان مهدكودك‌ها و نيمي از معلمان مقطع ابتدايي نقش بي بديلي در نهادينه كردن نگرش‌هاي توسعه‌اي دارند. بنابراين توانمندسـازي زنان يكي از مهم‌ترين الزامات تحقق توسعه است. بنابراين سوال اصلي پژوهش حاضر اين است كه قابليتهاي موردنياز زنان به منظور ايفاي نقش در فرايند توسعه چيست؟ و به چه ميزان محتواي كتب درسي آموزش پايه ويژه دختران براي توسعه اين قابليتها مناسب است؟   براي پاسخگويي به اين سوالات، پژوهش حاضر در مرحله اول با بهره­گيري از از روش اسنادي و مرور ادبيات جامع، فهرستي از قابليت­هاي اساسي براي پرورش دانش­آموزان در نظام­هاي آموزش پايه را شناسايي و به منظور بومي­سازي و انطباق آن با شرايط خاص توسعه­اي ايران، با به­كارگيري تكنيك دلفي مورد پيمايش 16 نفر خبرگان توسعه، آموزش و رواشناسي كه به شيوه نمونه‌گيري هدفمند انتخاب شدند، قرار گرفته است. نتايج حاصل از سه دور پيمايش دلفي و رسيدن به ضريب هماهنگي كندال برابر 7/0 و اجماع نظر 90 درصدي كه حاكي از اجماع نظر قوي بين خبرگان و اطمينان زياد نسبت به ترتيب عوامل است، 13 قابليت اساسي را پيشنهاد مي‌دهد كه به ترتيب اهميت عبارتند از: "تفكرانتقادي"، "خلاقيت و نوآوري"، "قانون مداري"، "حل مسئله"، "ارتباطات اجتماعي، همكاري و تعلق خاطر"، "خودمختاري"، "توانايي مباحثه"، "ادراك و صيانت از ديگر گونه­هاي حيات"، "انسجام اجتماعي"، "عقلانيت عملي"، بهره­گيري از عواطف"، "تصور روايتي" و "سلامت بدني".   در مرحلة دوم، براي تعيين وضع موجود نظام آموزش پايه از منظر توجه به قابليت­هاي اساسي براي اصلاحات نهادي موردنياز توسعه جهت توانمندسازي دانش­آموزان دختر، به تحليل محتواي كتاب درسي پاية هفتم پرداخته شده است. يافته­هاي اين بخش نشان داد كه در محتواي كتاب مورد بررسي، بجز توجه ناچيز به سه قابليت بهره­گيري از عواطف، ارتباطات اجتماعي و سلامت بدني به ساير قابليت­هاي نامبرده، يا توجه كافي صورت نگرفته و يا محتواي نظام­مند و مناسبي كه قادر به نهادينه­سازي قابليت­هاي مورد نظر در وجود دانش­آموزان(دختر) باشند، ارائه نشده است. يافته­هاي اين پژوهش نشاد داد كه از منظر توجه به قابليت­هاي مورد نياز براي اصلاحات نهادي بسترساز توسعه، وضع موجود نظام آموزش پايه ايران، نگرش­ها و حالت­هايي را تشويق مي­كند كه با اهداف برنامة درسي همخواني چنداني نداشته است و فاصلة معناداري تا رسيدن به وضع مطلوب آموزشي وجود دارد.

  The use of valuable business opportunities in the service sector, especially in the tourism industry, is a characteristic of the 21st century. Ecotourism is considered one of the branches of tourism, which branched off from rural tourism, and is now proposed as a new approach in this industry. It has become one of the most important economic sectors in many countries of the world. The tourism industry, with its ever-increasing growth and global nature, needs to be actively present in virtual communities. And to reach a worthy position, they should take advantage of new tools based on information technology. Operators of tourism businesses, especially those active in the field of ecotourism, can use virtual spaces as a different place for marketing and provide a new and suitable distribution channel for providing self-services; and attract tourists by introducing their business. Today, with the development of information technology, many businesses have accepted it as part of the value chain in their organization and updated and developed their work processes with the help of information technology resources. Ecotourism is also not without this way and in many countries, electronic tourism has spread well. One of the management measures in order to take advantage of information technology facilities is the use of social media to attract and retain customers, which can benefit It deserves the attention of organizations. In this study, using qualitative content analysis and Delphi method, effective factors in the use of social networks in ecotourism marketing have been identified and prioritized, and appropriate policy solutions have been proposed based on the findings. In terms of its practical (developmental) purpose, this research is a qualitative research in terms of its approach or methodology, and in terms of its data collection method, it is a survey type. In order to collect information, first by conducting library research and analyzing the content of different sources, the factors and factors affecting the marketing of social networks in tourism were extracted, and then by using the questionnaire tool and using the Delphi method, the opinion of 25 people The experts of information technology, tourism and marketing fields - who were selected by targeted sampling method - were asked about the indicators and key factors of success in social network marketing. In the end, the research model was identified by extracting five criteria for success in social media marketing, including the role of the social network platform, the role of electronic content, the role of businesses, the role of users, and the role of macro policies and governments.

  In today's world, when it comes to economic problems, the lack of physical capital is often cited as one of its biggest problems, and there is no mention of social capital. At the same time, the need for social capital is felt more than any other capital in the face of recession or inflation, which requires confidence-building. Accordingly, the present study has estimated the role of social capital in supporting national production during the years 1370 to 1399 using the ARDL approach. In this regard, the results have shown that in the short and long term, social capital has a positive and significant effect on the share of the industrial production sector in gross national income

this study aimed to analysis the barriers to entrepreneurship in the mobile games industry in Iran. In order to prepare the data, first by studying the theoretical foundations and literature of the research and the existing documents related to the research topic through content analysis, the existing barriers to entrepreneurship in the mobile games industry were identified and   Then, through Delphi method, these barriers were approved and prioritized. The present study is a in terms of applied purpose, in term of data collection descriptive and It is a mixed research in terms of methodology. The statistical population in the content analysis method included all Internal and external scientific sources and documents and research literature and existing background related to the research topic. the statistical population of the study in Delphi method were experts in the field of technology, video games and mobile phones in the country, who were selected by purposeful sampling method in the form of snowball and according to indicators such as experience, ability, desire, participation and availability and 25 panel members Delphi collaborated with the researcher until the end of the third round. The results show that in the content analysis method, 67 indicators for   the barriers to entrepreneurship in the mobile gaming industry were extracted and the Delphi phase of the research began and then in 3 rounds of Delphi, 24 indicators were added to the indicators and out of 91 indicators proposed in the Delphi rounds, 55 indicators were approved by the panel members. the Suggested pattern of this research has 6 dimensions, 28 components and 54 indices. It can be concluded that entrepreneurs in the path of activity in the mobile games industry face barriers related to the dimensions of financial barriers, human barriers, cultural barriers, infrastructure barriers, legal barriers and managerial barriers. In the continuation of the research, solutions and suggestions are presented in order to eliminate these obstacles.

  Knowledge-based economy is one of the most attractive economic topics in the last two decades due to its rapid transformation, rapid return on investment and tremendous impact on growth. The importance of this issue is the position that knowledge-based economy has in the growth, development and dynamism of the country's economy, because in the current competitive environment, product growth and stabilization of economic fluctuations, is one of the most important macroeconomic goals of any country.More specifically, the purpose of this study is to "examine the role of democracy and democracy in achieving the growth and development of knowledge-based." Due to the nature of the subject, the type of this research is developmental and applied and in terms of scope is case and in terms of method is among the descriptive-analytical researches. In the model studied in this research, following the framework of Eric and Levy, the relationship between the institutional variable of democracy and the growth of knowledge-based development is examined using the endogenous growth model. In this study, in addition to the democracy index (average 4-year trend of electoral parties), civil free ideas and the degree of openness of the economy and sanctions are also used as control variables in the model, because they can be a factor influencing export growth and development. Recognize High Tech (alternative variable) knowledge-based.The statistical population of the study is selected countries of Mena (oil and gas producing countries in the Middle East and North Africa).Data collection tools: In compiling this research, first the concepts and theoretical foundations related to library resources, specialized journals of Internet scientific databases, articles and reputable Internet journals will be extracted. Then, using time series panel data (dynamic panel) during the period (2019-2000), the desired information will be extracted and obtained from the WDI World Database (2019) for the countries of the Mena region.Analysis tools: In this study, the data obtained using Minitab statistical software were classified and the dimensions and channels of influence of democracy and democracy; Knowledge-based economic growth and development will be extracted using the dynamic panel model in Eviews software version 9. In this study, the results obtained from the model parameters in the countries of the Mena region are as expected. Therefore, حاكي of تاييد پژ پژ and ست نشاn gives the meaning of بين موكر س س ي ي ي ي ي ي ي ي ي ش.. ابق ابق نت ايج ايج از از از از.......................... در.......... در در در در در در در در در در در در در در در در در By reviewing the policies and laws related to the 4-year trend of electoral parties with the development of exports of knowledge-based products and services, it can be seen that there are different policies and laws in most of the subject areas related to the development of exports in this sector. Therefore, it seems that most of the existing challenges are due to the non-implementation of 4-year-old party laws.

   Today,­start-ups have a­significant impact on economic growth and job creation,and the success of ­start-ups ­such as Tapsi, Snape and Cafe Bazaar in creating employment indicates this issue. But these businesses face many obstacles and challenges in their development path,which are the main­reasons for the high rate of failure of these businesses,so in the present study, the aim is to determine the­­ indicators for identifying the space of new knowledge-based businesses­(start-ups)­­­that these indicators are ­used ­to continuously monitor the business environment.­This research is­applied in terms of exploratory purpose, in terms of applied results and in terms of type of qualitative research­ category.In order to achieve the research objectives, firstly, through the transcendental method,the initial­­indicators were extracted.In the next step, with 12 owners, managers and experts in this field who were selected by judgmental method, face interview In this stage, the aimwas to identify new indicators and appropriate to the ecosystem of­ Kermanshah province, analysisand coding of­interviews transcriptswas performed by MAXQDA content analysis technique and MAXQDA software version 2020.Validity and reliability of the coding process was also confirmed.­­Finally, by aggregating and combining the results of the previous two stages,final indicators­(the same challengesand barriers to­business space) including two categories­ of survey and statistical ­components­were determined.­

Education is the axis of change in society and an important instrument for achieving economic and social development of countries. The capability approach (CA), that sees human as means and ends of development, considers the value of education in all of its dimensions and believes that the education system of countries - by providing the opportunity of educating required capabilities - enable citizens to participate effectively in the process of development. Therefore, the present study intends to use the CA to analyze and evaluate the capability gap in the basic education system of Afghanistan. In the first step, to determine the current situation of the basic education system in terms of attention to the capabilities required for realization of development, the content of the textbooks of this level is analyzed. The findings of this section showed that in the content of the studied textbooks, the most attention was paid to the capabilities of “Literacy and Numeracy” (29.38%), “Voice and Assertiveness” (18.99%) and “Values and Etiquette” (15.7%); but to the other capabilities, has not been paid sufficient and balanced attention or has not been provided systematic and appropriate content that be able to educate and institutionalize those capabilities in the personality of students. In the second step, in order to draw the desired situation of the basic education system in Afghanistan, by using a comprehensive literature review, a list of capabilities required for the basic education system was identified and then, to localize and adapt it to the specific needs and conditions of Afghanistan, this list has been reviewed by experts in a Delphi survey. The capabilities agreed upon by the experts in the final list include: “Communication and Collaboration”, “Tolerance and Global citizenship”, “Regularity and The rule of law”, “Critical thinking and Problem-solving”, “Scientism”, “Values and Etiquette”,“Curiosity and Learning”, “Voice and Assertiveness”, “Ability to choose and Autonomy”,“Self-awareness and Anticipation”, “Respect and Recognition”, “Creativity and Innovation”, “Science and Technology”, “Literacy and Numeracy”, “Bodily health and Physical activities”, “Adaptability and Grit”, “Other species” and “Senses and Emotional integrity”. Based on the research findings, it can be concluded that in terms of the capabilities required for realization of development, there is a significant gap between the current situation and the desired status of the basic education system in Afghanistan. Therefor, without paying attention to this problem and continuing to neglect the priority of the basic public education system in educational orientations and development policies, achieving inclusive and human development in Afghanistan will face serious challenges. Keywords: Development, Basic Education, Capability Approach, Afghanistan, Content Analysis, Delphi Technique.

      Abstract This study aims to evaluate the harmful factors on medical tourism in Kermanshah and strategies to improve them as a case study. Therefore, at first, a semi-structured interview was conducted with experts in the field of medical tourism in Kermanshah province in order to formulate the basic principles necessary to identify the harmful factors on medical tourism in Kermanshah. According to the purpose of this research, the present study is in the field of applied research in terms of purpose. On the other hand, considering that in this research, library study methods as well as field methods such as questionnaires have been used, it can be stated that the present research is a descriptive survey research based on its nature and method. Data collection methods in this study were divided into two categories: library and field. Regarding the collection of information related to the literature and research background, library methods were used and to collect information to answer research questions, the field method was used. In this study, interviews and questionnaire tools were used to collect research data. In the present study, because research approaches in operations have been used, therefore, the study population consists of experts and senior experts in the field. In each of the study phases, the group of experts has been determined based on the technique used. In the first phase of the study after screening the sub-criteria by Delphi technique; The network analysis process technique has been used to prioritize the sub-criteria. In the next phase, the internal relations of the criteria are measured with the Demetel technique. After ensuring the reliability and validity of the existing questionnaire as the main tool of data collection, the questionnaire was distributed among experts in the study area and thus the raw data to process, analyze and answer research questions. Brought. The results of these tests are summarized below. The findings of the present study have been used as a sample by distributing a questionnaire among experts in the field. The main purpose of data analysis is to study the phenomena and relationships between the variables of the research subject. After analyzing the collected data, the proposed model of the present study, which is the use of network analysis (ANP) model, was examined. The panel was determined based on a combination of experts with different specialties and a sample of 10 people was used in the interview section and 12 people in the questionnaire section. After determining the most important criteria of the subject under study and determining their internal relations using the Dimtel technique, the priority of each of the identified criteria will be prioritized. Network Analysis Process (ANP) technique was used to prioritize the sub-criteria. In the first step, by interviewing 10 medical tourism experts with open coding method and sorting them, 100 basic indicators were obtained and using the Smith Barin model, the mentioned indicators were divided into two categories: national and hospital. Each of its national and hospital criteria includes 4 sub-criteria and using MAXQDA software, the qualitative part of the research indicators was summarized. After that, using the Delphi technique, the indicators have been screened. If, according to experts, 28 indicators remained out of 100 indicators, one index was added to the indicators in the Delphi stage, and a total of 29 indicators remained. . In the next step, using the confirmatory factor analysis of SMART-PLS software, the construct validity of the initial model was examined and in this part, all indicators remained.

Abstract One of the main axes of the country's economic structure in the field of trade is the development of exports. In Iran, in order to get rid of the single-product economy, non-oil exports have been emphasized as an important strategy for growth and development in upstream documents, including the policies of the resistance economy and the vision document of the Islamic Republic of Iran (on the horizon 1404). Most of the non-oil exports belong to the agricultural sector, through which the country's foreign exchange earnings are provided. A high share of water consumption (equivalent to 70%) belongs to the agricultural sector, which lack of proper management and planning for optimal consumption in this sector leads to a decrease in groundwater and endangers the sustainability of water resources.   Due to the drought and water crisis in the country as well as Kermanshah province and the decrease in rainfall in the province compared to last year, the proper use of water and its consumption management is considered essential. In this situation, the development of agricultural exports must be in line with the conditions and advantages of the province, because the export of water products not only seriously damages water resources but also causes a significant share of water to leave the country. thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the export products of the agricultural sector from the perspective of the water economy. The descriptive-analytical research method, using economic analysis of water value and cost-benefit analysis, examined the major exports of agricultural products from the province's borders. Tomatoes, cucumbers, potatoes and watermelons were evaluated as water products on the province in the period 1397-1390. According to the results of this study, an average of 141 liters of water is consumed per kilogram of tomatoes, 186 liters of potatoes, 165 liters of watermelon and 246 liters of cucumber. Also, the highest amount of exports during the years 1390-1397   is related to tomato products with a total of 830.2 thousand tons and the total exported water consumption of this product is 365 million cubic meters. The amount of export of potatoes with a total of 498 thousand tons, which is equivalent to 95 million cubic meters, is the estimated water consumption of this product. Watermelon and cucumber products have been exported with a total of 380 thousand tons and 250 thousand tons with water consumption of 68 million and 55 million cubic meters, respectively. Finally, based on the cost-benefit assessment method, the export of cucumber and tomato products with an average benefit ratio of 1.15 and 1.23 is somewhat cost-effective in some years, and two watermelon products with a ratio of 0.64 and potatoes with a 0.98 ratio are not cost-effective.

   Abstract As the economic development engine, the concept of knowledge has become crucially important recently. Owing to dependency on knowledge, this emerging economical structure is generally defined as the "knowledge-based economy". Achievements of the new economy are a more complete realization of the importance of knowledge in all economical such as environmental features. The knowledge-based economy is an economy in which trade, distribution, production and application of knowledge are the pioneers and main drivers of economic growth, wealth creation, job creation and eventually achieve sustainable economic development. In this study, using panel data in the form of the Eviews8 econometric software by means of the nylon data method and with the aim of examining capacities of the knowledge-based economy to achieve the sustainable development through reducing pollution caused by carbon dioxide, two groups of selected developed countries (Western Europe), members of the OECD and chosen developing countries during the years 2018-2000 are compared. The results of this research displayed the influence of explanatory variables on the variable CO1 so that in developing countries the variables such as research and development of the gross domestic product (GDP) and primary education have negative and adverse effects on carbon dioxide emissions, but technology also has positive effects on carbon dioxide emission. For developed countries, the results revealed that the variables of technology, GDP, primary education have negative and reverse effects on carbon dioxide emission, but the research and development variable does not have a significant impact on CO2 emission Keywords: Knowledge-based economy, sustainable development, greenhouse gases

   اين پايان‌نامه از منظر اقتصاد آب و اقتصاد محيط زيست، به بررسي پايداري منابع آب در استان كرمانشاه در چارچوب اقتصاد دانش‌بنيان مي‌پردازد. فاكتور مهم در اين ميان در دسترس بودن و كيفيت آب براي توسعه اقتصادي‌ـ اجتماعي است. به عبارتي بهتر در مبحث مديريت منابع آب سعي بر آن است تا راهكارهاي علمي براي بهبود بهره­وري آب و تعادل مؤلفه‌هاي آن در قالب چرخه هيدرولوژي و بعد مكاني آن ارائه گردد. هدف اين مطالعه اين است كه پايداري منابع آب زيرزميني با توجه به تحولات دانش محيطي، اقتصادي و سياسي را به منظور استفاد? پايدار از منابع آب زيرزميني بررسي كند. در اين پژوهش بررسي پايداري آب زيرزيرزميني در يك حوضه آبرفتي در استان كرمانشاه با استفاده از 8 انديس مختلف اجتماعي، اقتصادي و طبيعي بررسي شده است. 3 عامل طبيعي از روش پيشنهادي يونسكو 2007 انتخاب و 5 عامل بسته به شرايط منطقه مورد بررسي پيشنهاد شده و به‌كار رفته‌اند. اين انديس‌ها عبارتند از: استخراج آب زيرزميني/تغذيه آب زيرزميني، كيفيت آب زيرزميني، آسيب‌پذيري آب زيرزميني، قوانين بخش آب، ظرفيت نهادي، مشاركت عمومي، توليد دانش و ترويج مديريت مصرف آب، بهره‌وري آب هستند، كه براي استفاده از اين 8 عامل در تحليل پايداري آب زيرزميني منطقه از دو روش پرسشنامه‌اي و تحليل سلسله مراتبي استفاده گرديد. تحليل پرسشنامه‌اي با دو دور(6 پرسش اصلي در دور اول   و 147 پرسش در دور دوم) انجام گرفت. نتايج امتيازدهي به پاسخ‌هاي كارشناسان با استفاده از روش دلفي نشان داد كه منطقه از نظر آب زيرزميني ناپايدار است. در اين روش از يك رده بندي 5 كلاسه با رده 1 (ناپايدارترين حالت) تا 5 (پايدارترين حالت) استفاده گرديد كه در مجموع منطقه مورد بررسي با امتياز 1.53 در حالت ناپايدار قرار دارد. در تحليل سلسله مراتبي نيز 8 عامل مورد بررسي به شكل نقشه هاي موضوعي مكاني در آمده و نهايتاً با همپوشاني آن‌ها انديس پايداري آب زيرزميني به دست آمد. براي اين كار انديس نهايي با روش كلاسه‌بندي نچرال بريك به 4 دسته تقسيم گرديد. بعد از نرمال كردن اين رده‌ها به چهار دسته عبارتند از: 0 تا 10 درصد از مناطق پايدار، بيش از 10 تا 25 درصد از مناطق نزديك به آستانه پايداري، بيش از 25 تا 50 درصد از مناطق ناپايدار و مناطق بالاي50 درصد بسيار ناپايدار يا بحراني بودند. نتايج اين روش نيز نشان داد بيشتر منطقه تحت بررسي در زون ناپايدار قرار دارد. علاوه بر اين اعتبارسنجي نتايج بررسي با افت سطح آب زيرزميني حاكي از اين واقعيت است كه منطقه از نظر پايداري آب زيرزميني در وضعيت مطلوبي نبوده و 92 درصد منطقه بيش از 1 متر افت سطح آب داشته و 62 درصد آن افتي بيش از 10 متر داشته است. بيلان منفي آبخوان نتايج به دست آمده را تأييد مي‌كند. نتايج اين بررسي نشان داد كه با استفاده از انديس‌هاي مختلف و مرتبط با شرايط محيطي و داده‌هاي قابل دسترس و درست مي‌تواند وضعيت كلي از شرايط پايداري آب زيرزميني را تهيه و از آن براي تصميم‌گيري‌هاي مديريتي و برنامه‌ريزي‌هاي آينده استفاده نمود.    كليد واژه‌ها: پايداري، توسع? پايدار، اقتصاد دانش‌بنيان      

از آنجا كه بيشترين ميزان مصرف آب در دنيا و در استان كرمانشاه در بخش كشاورزي صورت مي گيرد. در اين پايان نامه از منظر اقتصاد دانش بنيان به بررسي ميزان مصرف در بخش كشاورزي استان كرمانشاه پرداخته شد. بدين منظور در ابتدا از طريق روش تحليل سلسله مراتبي به اثبات وجود تنش آب در استان كرمانشاه پرداختيم. سپس از طريق روش دلفي به دنبال يافتن راه حل هايي براي اصلاح الگوي مصرف در استان هستيم.

   امروزه، آرايش كشورها به سمت و سوي ساختار اقتصاد دانش‌بنيان[1] كه مسير توسعه به آن منتهي مي‌شود رقم مي‌خورد. كشورهايي در زمر? توسعه يافتگي قرار مي‌گيرند كه در تكاپوي تحقق اين الگوي توسعه باشند و با بهره‌گيري و انطباق خود با ساختار اقتصاد دانش‌بنيان، مسير پيشرفت و توسع? روز افزون خود را به ارمغان آورند.كشوري در اين عرصه به ديگر رقبا برتري مي‌جويد از دانش[2] كه به عنوان قدرتمندترين موتور توليد در عصر نوين شناخته شده است بهره گيرد. در واقع ايد? افراد و خلق دانش، ثروت و قدرت يك كشور را نمايان مي‌سازد چه بسا كه عصر منابع مادي و فيزيكي جاي خود را به سرمايه‌ها و دارايي‌هاي دانشي داده است. اما آنچه كه در اين راستا مهم جلوه مي‌كند   فراهم نمودن بسترهاي لازم جهت تحقق اين نوع از اقتصاد مي‌باشد كه تمام فعاليت‌هاي آن با نهاد? دانش گره خورده است. بنابراين توجه به فرهنگ[3] و عوامل فرهنگي كه نقش زيربنا در توسع? جامعه را برعهده دارند مي‌تواند مسير را براي تحقق آرمان و سياستگذاري‌هاي كلان يك كشور جهت تحقق   پيشرفت و اهداف توسعه را فراهم سازد. بنابراين، اين پژوهش بر آن است به اين مسئله بپردازد كه تحقق اهداف و برنامه‌هاي اقتصاد دانش‌بنيان در حوز? فرهنگ متأثر از چه عواملي است. همچنين چه شاخص‌هايي نماگر اين عوامل و نهادهاي فرهنگي مرتبط هستند. در صورت تحقق اين هدف مي‌توان اميد داشت كه ضمن كاهش خلأ نظري در اين حوزه، امكان ارائه راهكارهاي عملياتي به بازيگران اين حوزه فراهم شده و به بهره‌گيري عملي از اين مفاهيم در برنامه‌هاي توسعه اين بخش را فراهم سازد. در اين پژوهش، از دو روش توصيفي- تحليلي و پيمايشي براي پاسخ‌گويي به سوالات محوري تحقيق، استفاده شده است. پس از شناسايي عوامل فرهنگي، پرسشنامه‌هايي در اختيار 14 نفر از خبرگان و متخصصين استان قرار داده شد كه ميزان تأثير هر يك از عوامل را در تحقق اقتصاد دانش‌بنيان مشخص نمايند. در نهايت براي رتبه‌بندي شاخص‌ها و مؤلفه‌ها از روش [4]AHP، با استفاده از تكنيك مقايسه‌هاي زوجي از نظرات 20 نفر متخصص   اين حوزه استفاده شد. نتايج اين پژوهش حاكي از آن است كه از شاخص‌هاي فرهنگي آموزش رتبه اول را به خود اختصاص داده است. عقلانيت و مهارت تفكر به تربيت در رتبه‌هاي دوم و سوم قرار گرفته‌اند. 1- Knowledge Based Economy 2- Knowledge 3- Culture

Identifying and prioritizing the weighty ability of firms in the age of knowledge based economy

The role of Knowledge-based Economy in controlling inflation and improving productivity in Iran

  Industry sector is one of the most important economic sectors through high level of backward and forward linkage has a significant role in reducing unemployment and increasing economic growth by increasing the productivity. Considering the importance of employment and productivity, the study investigates the effect of technology and knowledge on the employment rate and productivity by using the data of industrial manufactories with 10 more employees in the provinces level over )2004-2013(, and the application of panel data model. The results of the study show that knowledge and technology have a positive and significant effect on labor productivity in industrial manufactories. The effect of technology on employment is negative and significant, because technological improvement is considered as a substitute for labor for an almost constant level of industrial value added and therefore reduces employment. But the R&D expenditure does not have a significant effect on employment. Value added of industry is one of the most important factors affecting employment. Improving the quality of manufacturing sector products to attract foreign markets, improving the quality of research and development spending to create innovation in the industry, can improve the impact of knowledge and technology on employment and productivity

اقتصاد دانش محور مي­تواند بستر لازم براي جبران عقب­ماندگي­هاي تاريخي ايران را فراهم كند. براي دست­يابي به توسعه، تلاش­هاي بسياري از لحاظ علمي و سياست­گذاري صورت گرفته­است. نظريه­پردازان همواره در تلاش بودند تا الگوي معتبري براي تبيين عوامل توسعه كشف و عرضه نمايند. الگوهاي توسعه، ابتدا به انباشت سرمايه فيزيكي توجه داشتند. اما امروزه سرمايه­گذاري انساني و توانمندسازي مردم به عنوان اولويت اصلي در نظر گرفته مي­شود. در اقتصاد دانش­محور، سرمايه انساني اهميت بالايي دارد، زيرا توليدكننده دانش، همين سرمايه انساني و مردم هستند. از طرفي اين سرمايه انساني توجه را به سمت آموزش جلب مي­كند. زيرا سرمايه انساني بايد كارآمد و داراي مهارت بالا باشند. بنابراين آموزش نقش بسيار مهمي در دانش محور شدن جامعه ايفا مي­كند. آموزش بايد دائمي و فراگير باشد به گونه­اي كه موجب توليد دانش و نوآوري شود. توسعه پايدار نيز كه امروزه به موضوعي مهم براي جوامع تبديل شده، تنها رشد اقتصادي را نمي­پذيرد بلكه بر رشد اقتصادي پايدار در كنار حفاظت از محيط زيست، پايداري اجتماعي، توزيع عادلانه فرصت­ها، برقراري عدالت و كاهش فقر تأكيد دارد. براي تحقق توسعه پايدار بر مواردي هم­چون آموزش نيروي انساني، افزايش دانش و آگاهي مردم در جهت رشد در همه جنبه­هاي زندگي بخصوص رشد بهداشت و حفاظت از محيط زيست، افزايش دانش و پيشرفت تكنولوژي در جهت بهبود كارايي انرژي و كاهش مصرف سوخت­هاي فسيلي تأكيد مي­كند.  روش تحقيق در اين پايان­نامه به صورت توصيفي-تحليلي مي­باشد و مدل مفهومي پانل ديتا نيز به كار مي­رود. روش سنجي پانل ديتا براي كشورهاي در حال توسعه(ايران، كويت، پاكستان، اردن، سري­لانكا و لبنان) و كشورهاي توسعه يافته (كانادا، اسپانيا، ايالت متحده امريكا، فنلاند و دانمارك) در بازه زماني 1980-2015   با توجه به متغيرهاي patent (ثبت اختراع)، GDP سرانه، نرخ ثبت نام در آموزش دانشگاهي و متغيرهاي وابسته شدت انرژي و انتشار دي­اكسيد كربن سرانه انجام مي­شود كه نتيجه گرفته مي­شود كه ظرفيت­هاي اقتصاد دانش بنيان   بر تحقق توسعه پايدار اثر مي­گذارد.