Yousef Mohamadifar

  The unemployment rate, as one of the macroeconomic indicators, has had a wide impact on various aspects of the social and economic life of societies. The happiness and psychological well-being of citizens are also among the variables that are affected by the increase in the unemployment rate. Scientific study and quantitative estimation of the impact of the increase in the unemployment rate on happiness are of particular importance, which are addressed in this research. In the research model, the happiness index is considered as the dependent variable and the unemployment rate as the independent variable. In addition, variables such as inflation, per capita income, economic growth rate, trade openness and exchange rate are also considered as control variables. The research method is descriptive-analytical and has an econometric approach. The quantile regression technique is used to examine the effect of independent and control variables on happiness. The data used will be collected from reputable national and international sources for the period 2005 to 2023.

  The present study was conducted to identify the key success factors in the Kermanshah Province Industrial Estate Company. In the first stage, the factors affecting the success of this company were comprehensively identified and categorized, and based on that, a key factor model was developed. In the next step, practical and effective solutions were presented to improve the performance and increase the productivity of the industrial estate company. This study was conducted with a mixed approach and applied purpose. In the qualitative section, data were collected through purposive sampling and in-depth semi-structured interviews. The statistical population included university professors with relevant specialized experience, experts from the Kermanshah Province Industrial Estate Company, industry owners and businesses located in the province's industrial estates, as well as relevant documents and texts. Sampling in the qualitative section continued until theoretical saturation was reached; in such a way that no new data was added to the previous data in the seventeenth interview onwards. Qualitative data were coded using thematic analysis method and Brown and Clark's six-step thematic analysis process was used. The results of the thematic analysis were categorized into basic themes, organizing themes, and overarching themes. In the quantitative section, the key success factors model in the industrial estate company was evaluated. Data were collected through a questionnaire derived from qualitative findings and the statistical population was similar to the qualitative section. 35 valid questionnaires were collected. The face and content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by experts and its construct validity and composite reliability were confirmed through structural equation modeling. Quantitative data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics such as mean and frequency and inferential statistics including structural equation modeling using    version 27 and SmartPLS version 4 software. In this section, the conceptual model resulting from the qualitative analysis was validated and its validity was confirmed.

  One of the variables of interest to economic decision-makers is achieving high economic growth. Various factors influence economic growth. One of these factors is the amount of credit provided by commercial banks for the purchase of equipment and working capital to businesses and consumers. Quantifying the impact of bank loans on economic growth is of particular importance. The growth of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in any economic system depends on the level of investment, with banks playing a major role in providing the necessary financial resources for investment. The efficient and optimal use of bank loans and credit can lead to increased investment, economic boom, job creation, and consequently, economic growth. In addition, budgetary credits, as fiscal policy, play a significant role in economic growth. Therefore, this study investigates the effects of bank loans on economic growth in 28 out of 31 Iranian provinces using panel data and the Generalized Least Squares (GLS) method with annual data from 2006 to 2020. The results of the hypothesis testing show that bank loans have a positive and significant relationship with economic growth in the country's provinces. Furthermore, the growth rate of capital, technology, and labor force also have a positive and significant relationship with economic growth in the provinces

  Improving

   Albuquerque, H., Costa, C., & Martins, F. (2018). The use of Geographical Information Systems for Tourism Marketing purposes in Aveiro region (Portugal). Tourism Management Perspectives, 26, 172-178. Selin, S & Beason, J (1991): Interorganizational relation in tourism, Annals of tourism research. Goeldner, CR, & Ritchie, JRB, (2009). Tourism: Principles, practices, philosophies» (10th edn). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons. Smith, S.L.J. (2000) “How Far is Far Enough: Operationalizing the Concept of ‘Usual Environment’ in Tourism Definitions”, Tourism Analysis, Vol. 4 (-): 137-144. Elliott, J. (1977), Tourism, politics and public Sector Management, London: Routledge. Environmental sustainability&18-Furtado, J. I. (2000), Economic development. Sutcliffe, L., et al. (2009), Development of a framework for assessing sustainability in new product development, International conference on engineering design, Stanford university, stanford, CA, USA. Henri, J., & Journeault, M. (2008), Environmental performance indicators: An empirical study of Canadian manufacturing firms, Journal of Environmental Management, 87, PP.165-176 Rodriguez. I, Jesus. C, Hector. S (2006), Determinants of Economic and Social Satisfaction in Manufacturer–Distributor Relationships, Industrial Marketing Management. World Tourism Organization (2019). The Report of World Tourism Organization. 4th UNWTO Euro-Asian Mountain Tourism Conference, on 2-5 March 2019, in Berchtesgaden, Germany. Park, S. Y., & Petrick, J. F. (2006). Destinations› perspectives of branding. Annals of Tourism Research, 33(1), 262-265. 10.1016/j. annals.2005.10.007. Dioko, L., Harrill, R., & Cardon, P. W. (2010). Brand China: Tour Guide Perceptions and Implications for Destination Branding and Marketing”. Tourism Analysis, 15(3), 345–355. doi:10.3727/108354210x12801550666187 Gonz?lez-Mansilla, ?., Berenguer-Contr?, G., & Serra-Cantallops, A. (2019). The impact of value co-creation on hotel brand equity and customer satisfaction. Tourism Management, 75, 51-65, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2019.04.024. Line, N. D., Dogru, T., E

   This research has identified and prioritized the factors affecting the development of IoT-based businesses. Given the rapid growth of IoT technologies and its impact on various industries, identifying and prioritizing these factors is essential to improve the performance and productivity of businesses. In this research, the existing literature on the Internet of Things and related businesses is first reviewed. Then, using analytical methods and statistical tools, the key factors affecting the development of these businesses are identified and prioritized. Initially, in-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with specialists and experts in the field of IoT in IT companies to identify the factors affecting the development of IoT businesses. After extracting the codes obtained from the interviews, the main concepts were identified, which included 6 factors: and to prioritize these factors, an AHP questionnaire was used, which was distributed among specialists and experts in the field of IoT. The results of the questionnaire were prioritized using Expert Choice software, which included the following factors in order: financial factor, technological factor, cultural factor, political factor, human factor, and managerial factor. The results of this study showed that factors such as investment in infrastructure and Internet network, as well as reducing product and cryptocurrency costs, are important components in the success of IoT-based businesses. Finally, this study provides suggestions for managers and decision-makers to improve and develop IoT-based businesses.

Many digital businesses face challenges such as accurate analysis of consumer behavior, personalization of advertising, and optimization of marketing strategies. This thesis examines how these challenges can be overcome and marketing decisions can be improved by using artificial intelligence models. In this research, a survey method and a questionnaire tool were used to collect data. The statistical population includes managers and marketing experts in digital businesses. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS software to examine the impact of using artificial intelligence on marketing decisions. The objectives of this research are to identify the benefits and challenges of using artificial intelligence in digital marketing, to present efficient models of using artificial intelligence in marketing decision-making, to analyze the impact of artificial intelligence on the efficiency and effectiveness of marketing campaigns. and to propose solutions for optimizing marketing strategies using artificial intelligence. The results of this research show that the use of artificial intelligence can lead to improved accuracy in data analysis, increased customer satisfaction, and optimization of marketing strategies. The findings of this research can help digital businesses make smarter decisions and improve marketing performance. Keyword: Investigating the model of using artificial intelligence on marketing decisions in digital businesses

  The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the obstacles to the development of Internet businesses in Khanaqin, Iraq, in the field of sports. The research is practical in terms of purpose and has used the qualitative research method. The study population of the research includes experts and experts in the field of internet businesses, professors of the physical education department of Gramian Khanaqin University in Iraq, which was conducted using the snowball sampling method in the qualitative part of 15 in-depth semi-structured interviews. . The validity and reliability of the research tool was confirmed by selecting the appropriate sample and reviewing the participants. In the qualitative section, the codes were checked and extracted using the content analysis method. The findings indicate the extraction of 7 main categories and 16 subcategories. Identified barriers include; Technological barriers, legal-security barriers, barriers related to customers, managerial barriers, economic barriers, social cultural barriers and marketing barriers. In the following, for each of the barriers, solutions and suggestions were provided for managers to provide excellent customer support through various channels such as online chat, email, or phone to address customer questions and solve problems quickly.

   فرهنگ هاي متنوع   و‌گوناگون موجود درگستره فرهنگي جهان از چنان تنوعي برخوردارند كه موجب حيرت و شگفتي همه آنهايي است كه سوداي   شناخت شان را در سر‌دارند. جلوه اي از اين گوناگوني فرهنگي در پاي افزارهاي سنتي فرهنگ هاي مختلف انعكاس يافته است. پاپوش هايي‌كه برگرفته از خرد و تيز هوشي مردمان اين ديار‌هاست. خردي‌كه با در‌نظر داشتن تمامي ضرورت‌هاي محيطي‌، اقدام به طراحي پا افزارهايي كرده است‌كه در نهايت هماهنگي با‌شرايط اقليمي‌، قرار‌گرفته‌اند. به عبارتي مي توان‌گفت‌كه‌كفش يا پاپوش يكي از وجوه تمايز مردمان نواحي مختلف در‌دنيا است‌. چنانكه با نگاهي ساده به هكدام از اين پا افزارها مي توان به هر آنچه كه از جانب شرايط زيستي منطقه در آنها انعكاس يافته است‌، پي برد . زيرا يكي از عوامل تفاوت بچه پولدار ها و فقيران است و به عنوان   وسيله اي براي راحتي   پاي انسان ها به‌كار رفته‌كه   با ريگ هاي خيابان مي جنگد .     

  پژوهش حاضر با هدف، شناسايي

   Abstract Due to its historical, natural and cultural attractions, Iran has pristine and unique grounds for the development of tourism. Therefore, the current research was conducted with the aim of designing and evaluating a model for the development of ecotourism internet businesses with a mixed approach. The study population of this research in the qualitative part included all the experts in this field and the statistical population in the quantitative part was the owners of eco-tourism businesses active in the Instagram social network. The participants in the qualitative section were selected using the targeted sampling method in the number of 20 people, and in the quantitative section, they were 185 people, of which 150 responded. In order to collect data in the qualitative part, a semi-structured interview was used. The interviews were finally categorized in the form of 116 codes in 14 subcategories and 5 main categories using the three-step coding method; And then, in the quantitative part, the researcher-made questionnaire was divided among the statistical sample of the quantitative part after validation. Then, using the structural equation model and Amose22 software, the model extracted from the qualitative part was validated. The findings showed that in the category of causal conditions, there were sub-categories of factors related to platform, content and access, also in the category of contextual conditions, there were sub-categories of technological and executive factors, and also in the category of intervening conditions, there were sub-categories of policy, legal, cultural and social. And the categories of strategies, including improving financial activities, improving technological promotion, improving customer-oriented strategies, and the categories of consequences, including job productivity, continuity of communication with customers, all have a direct impact on the ecotourism internet business development model. In the quantitative part, the identified categories were able to explain about 36% of the variance of the dependent variable. Attention and planning to improve the identified variables for ecotourism business owners can improve these businesses. Keywords: active e-businesses, tourism industry, social networks.. Abstract

Gender diversity on the board has become more important in recent years. Female managers choose a much shorter debt maturity structure compared to their male counterparts. Financing decisions have an important place in corporate finance literature. According to studies, the presence of women in the management fields of companies, especially in the board of directors and audit committees, has grown significantly in recent years. According to the above, the main goal of the research is to study the role of the debt maturity structure in influencing the gender diversity of the board members on financing decisions. The research method is practical in terms of purpose. In terms of logic, it is deductive-inductive. It is temporary in terms of time. It is little in terms of data type. In terms of the implementation method, it is a descriptive survey, and the research method is causal and retrospective in terms of the relationship between the variables. The statistical population of the research consists of the companies accepted in the Tehran Stock Exchange in a period of five years (2018-2022); Of the 784 companies admitted to the stock exchange, 145 companies were selected as samples using the systematic elimination method (screening). Research results show that; There is a significant relationship between gender diversity of board members and financing decisions. Also, debt maturity structure has a significant effect on the relationship between gender diversity of board members and financing decisions. the results showed that; Understanding how gender diversity affects corporate decisions has become important as the number of female executives increases. Also, socially conscious corporate policies, such as gender diversity, interact to influence key corporate decisions. By choosing a firm's debt maturity structure, managers not only determine firms' financing decisions, but also determine the extent of external monitoring by financial markets based on the frequency of debt refinancing. It is expected that the influence of female managers on the choice of debt structure will be different than that of male managers because there are inherent differences in psychology (assurance and risk tolerance) and ethics (tra  arency and extracting private interests). Female managers choose much shorter debt maturity structures than their male counterparts. Female managers are more aligned with shareholders' interests because they choose a higher proportion of short-term debt after controlling for other determinants of debt maturity structure.   

The general purpose of this research was to present a paradigmatic model for the revival of ecotourism businesses in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province in the post-corona era. The approach of the current research was qualitative and applied in terms of purpose, which was carried out with the method of data base theory (grounded theory). The community under study in this research includes all experts and key informants in the field of the subject under study, such as experts, experts and planners, and experienced ecotourism business owners with relevant educational qualifications in the field of the subject under study at the level of Chaharmahal province and It was Bakhtiari. The sampling method of the current research was purposeful and theoretical. In this research, theoretical saturation was obtained by interviewing 30 experts. In order to analyze the data, a three-stage pattern of open, central and selective coding was used. Based on the results of the interviews, there are 181 concepts and 21 categories describing causal conditions with 5 categories (including economic-financial factors, educational factors, mental-psychological factors, technical-infrastructural factors and sanitary-health factors), background conditions with 2 categories (including managerial factors and marketing-advertising factors), conditions An intervention with 4 levels (including environmental factors, legal factors, social factors and support factors), the phenomenon of "revival of ecotourism businesses in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province in post-corona" with 4 concepts, effective measures in revitalizing ecotourism businesses in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province with 4 >KeyWords: Revival of businesses, Tourism, ecotourism accommodations, Post-corona era. The general purpose of this research was to present a paradigmatic model for the revival of ecotourism businesses in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province in the post-corona era. The approach of the current research was qualitative and applied in terms of purpose, which was carried out with the method of data base theory (grounded theory). The community under study in this research includes all experts and key informants in the field of the subject under study, such as experts, experts and planners, and experienced ecotourism business owners with relevant educational qualifications in the field of the subject under study at the level of Chaharmahal province and It was Bakhtiari. The sampling method of the current research was purposeful and theoretical. In this research, theoretical saturation was obtained by interviewing 30 experts. In order to analyze the data, a three-stage pattern of open, central and selective coding was used. Based on the results of the interviews, there are 181 concepts and 21 categories describing causal conditions with 5 categories (including economic-financial factors, educational factors, mental-psychological factors, technical-infrastructural factors and sanitary-health factors), background conditions with 2 categories (including managerial factors and marketing-advertising factors), conditions An intervention with 4 levels (including environmental factors, legal factors, social factors and support factors), the phenomenon of "revival of ecotourism businesses in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province in post-corona" with 4 concepts, effective measures in revitalizing ecotourism businesses in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province with 4 >KeyWords: Revival of businesses, Tourism, ecotourism accommodations, Post-corona era.   

   Abstract The present study was conducted with the aim of designing and evaluating a local model to investigate the effect of entrepreneurship education on the development of entrepreneurial behaviors in Soliko company. The approach of the current research was mixed (qualitative-quantitative), in the qualitative part of the content analysis method and in the quantitative part of the descriptive-correlation method, it was investigated using the structural equation modeling method. In this research, the community studied in the qualitative part included experts who have scientific expertise and work experience in the field of entrepreneurship and entrepreneurship education, which includes university professors, experts and researchers who have indicators such as experience (at least ten years), appropriateness of the field of study. , have a doctorate degree, teaching experience at the university, research and authoring experience in this field, and also experienced managers with relevant degrees of Soliko company. In the quantitative part, the statistical population included all managers and employees of Soliko Kale company, numbering nineteen thousand people. In the qualitative part, the participants were selected using the purposeful sampling method, which sampling continued until theoretical saturation was achieved. In the quantitative part, there were 384 employees and managers of Solico company, who were randomly selected using the Morgan and Krejci table. In the qualitative section, in order to present the model of the effect of entrepreneurship education on the development of entrepreneurial behaviors, the technique of qualitative content analysis was used using the qualitative software MAXQDA version 2020. In the quantitative section, data analysis in two sections of descriptive statistics (including frequency, frequency and ...) and inferential statistics (including structural equation modeling) were performed using    version 25 and PLS version 3 software. In this research, the results showed that entrepreneurship training in Soliko has 10 dimensions, such as training and awareness, business planning, facilitating innovation and product development, financial management, human resource management, communication and team skills. Risk management, networking, problem analysis and problem solving, and social responsibility were identified, and also the dimensions of developing entrepreneurial behaviors of Solico company employees included 6 dimensions such as empowerment, encouraging employees, teamwork, flexibility, creating an active environment, and risk taking. The results of the research hypothesis also showed that entrepreneurship education directly affects the development of entrepreneurial behaviors by 60%, so in general, it can be concluded that entrepreneurship education has an impact on the development of entrepreneurial behaviors of Soliko company. Therefore, in this regard, it is suggested to the managers and officials of Soliko company to introduce the employees of the organization to the field of entrepreneurship and technology by holding courses and workshops related to the management of startups, in order to provide the opportunity to share and strengthen innovative ideas, and - also the employees of the organization support to create bold vision and new opportunities among them by increasing their experience.       Key words: entrepreneurship education, entrepreneurial behavior, development of entrepreneurial behaviors, Solico company, mixed approach.   

Forecasting the movement of stock market indices is one of the most important topics that is very important for investors, analysts and capital market experts. Due to the fact that the stock market is known as one of the most important financial markets in the world, forecasting stock market indices can be used as an important tool in the decisions of investors and analysts in the capital market. In the meantime, predicting the index of groups can help financial decision makers to make better decisions about the composition of their stock portfolio. There are many algorithms and methods for prediction. These algorithms are usually developed based on time series data analysis. For example, statistical and mathematical methods such as: linear regression, neural networks and machine learning algorithms can be used for prediction. The main goal of this thesis is to compare two artificial neural network models of multilayer perceptron (MLP) and autoregressive processes of cumulative moving average (ARIMA) to predict the indices of four selected stock market groups (automobiles and parts manufacturing, basic metals, pharmaceutical materials and products, and finished products). petroleum products). The time period of the data used in this thesis is from 01/01/1394 to 10/11/1401 on a daily basis. RMSE and MAPE evaluation criteria were used to compare the prediction accuracy of the models. The results showed that the MLP model has a better performance than the ARIMA model in predicting the two groups of automobiles and the manufacture of petroleum products and parts, and the ARIMA model performed better in the case of the two groups of pharmaceutical materials and products and basic metals.  

Investigating the impact of perceived social responsibility on customer satisfaction and loyalty according to the moderating role of brand image (case study: Aindeh Bank)Abstract: As social and environmental demands from stakeholders are growing, businesses such as financial institutions must highlight these issues in their operations and increase consumer trust. The commitment of banks to comply with social responsibility can lead to the improvement of their currency, reputation and image, which will lead to the acquisition of more loyal customers. The purpose of this research is to investigate the impact of perceived social responsibility on satisfaction and customer loyalty, considering the role of brand image modifier in Aindeh Bank, Kermanshah. The research method is descriptive; In terms of examining how variables affect, it is cause and reason and is applied in terms of purpose. The information for the research has been obtained through the study of theoretical foundations and a questionnaire of 165 people, which was randomly distributed among the clients and users of the services of the Aindeh Bank of Kermanshah in 1402, and To analyze the data, structural equation modeling PLS technique has been used.The findings of this research showed that the customer's perception of the bank's social responsibility has a positive effect on customer satisfaction and loyalty; Customer satisfaction has a positive effect on customer loyalty. Also, the results showed that brand image has a moderating role on the effect of bank social responsibility on customer satisfaction, and brand image has a moderating role on the effect of customer satisfaction on loyalty; But the moderating role of brand image on the effect of bank social responsibility on customer loyalty is not significant

  Abstract: The current research has been carried out with the aim of identifying and prioritizing the challenges of tourism businesses in the field of social security. The research is practical in terms of its purpose and has benefited from the research method. The population studied in the research includes the managers and administrative personnel of the Social Security Organization, Cultural Heritage Organization, hotels, travel and tourism service companies, who were interviewed using the snowball sampling method in the qualitative part of 16 in-depth semi-interviews. It was structured and in the quantitative section, 50 samples of experts in this field with the most expertise were selected. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire was verified by experts in the qualitative section by selecting a suitable sample and reviewing the participants, and in the quantitative section, the validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha (0.72%). In the qualitative section, the codes were checked and extracted using the content analysis method. The findings indicate the extraction of 6 main categories and 9 subcategories. The main categories are; The challenges of the tourism field are the issues of laws and regulations, the challenges related to the social security organization, and finally the challenges of the policy making field. The findings of the qualitative section were prioritized with the help of the Friedman test method, and according to the analysis, the lack of definition of new laws appropriate to the present time with the rank (09/64), the vagueness of the contracts in the field of tourism businesses with the rank ( 13/63), lack of precise definition of tourism jobs and its separation from other areas with a rating (06/62), more focus of the social security organization on the treatment sector than the tourism sector with a rating (05/62), lack of appropriate laws And according to the field of tourism with a rank of (61/87), the lack of discounts and suitable privileges for the insured and pensioners of the field of tourism with a rank of (61/31) and insufficient information of the organization and other active departments in this field with a rank of (60/67) ) has the highest priority and factors; Inappropriate efficiency of current tourism centers with a rating (17/49), seasonal and temporary employment in tourism businesses with a rating (12/25), employers' unwillingness to insure personnel in this area with a rating (25/27), a decreasing trend Attracting tourists with a rating of (25.29), low growth of tourism businesses in Iran with a rating of (25.33) and poor advertising with a rating of (25.78) had the lowest priority according to the respondents. Therefore, it is suggested that managers provide training for employees and the integration of information in the organization. Key words: challenge, business, tourism, social security

   Background and objectives: With the advancement of digital technology, industries are increasingly utilizing artificial intelligence (AI) techniques to reduce human costs and enhance efficiency. In recent years, AI-powered customer services, such as smart robots, voice recognition, and other intelligent technologies, have been widely employed in the customer service industry. Furthermore, due to the significant increase in the number of users, continuous expansion of customer consultations, staff shortages, low work efficiency, repetitive manual errors in business, and other challenges, the importance of AI-powered customer services is growing day by day. Understanding the significance of innovation in services through AI technology is crucial because customer satisfaction is a significant outcome of service innovation. Therefore, the aim of this study is to examine the factors influencing customer satisfaction with AI-powered customer services in online shopping. Research Methodology: This study is applied in terms of objective, descriptive-survey in terms of data collection method, and mixed-methods in terms of data type. The qualitative part of the study involved reviewing 90 articles and extracting dimensions and relevant codes through content analysis. In the quantitative part, a 31-item questionnaire using a 7-point Likert scale was distributed among a statistical population of 55 experts and specialists in the field of artificial intelligence. The questionnaire's validity was assessed using face validity and confirmatory factor analysis, and its reliability was evaluated through calculating McDonald's omega (0/703) and Cronbach's alpha coefficients. Additionally, the structural equation modeling (SEM) technique was employed using SmartPLS software version 4 to estimate, fit, and evaluate the research model. Findings: The research findings, based on a combination of three dimensions, nine concepts, and 50 codes, revealed that the components include perceived usefulness, user characteristics (optimism, innovativeness, discomfort, and insecurity), and system characteristics (response time, accuracy, and ease of use). The results of this study based on the hypotheses indicated a significant positive relationship between perceived usefulness and customer satisfaction. Additionally, optimism had a positive and significant effect on perceived usefulness, while user discomfort had a negative impact on perceived usefulness. The other components did not have a significant effect on perceived usefulness and customer satisfaction in this study. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that perceived usefulness enhances customer satisfaction with AI-powered online shopping services. Furthermore, user optimism increases perceived usefulness, ultimately leading to higher customer satisfaction. On the other hand, user discomfort diminishes perceived usefulness, resulting in decreased customer satisfaction with online shopping. Consequently, several recommendations were proposed to enhance customer satisfaction, perceived usefulness, and user optimism, as well as reduce user discomfort. These recommendations include providing training for users, offering practical examples of AI utilization, improving user interfaces, providing feedback to users, promoting a culture of AI service usage through advertisements in public media and social networks, implementing security measures, offering multiple options for interacting with AI systems, conducting surveys, and providing a contact option with operators, among others.

  urpose: The present research was conducted with the purpose of presenting the conceptual model of entrepreneurial university with a skill approach in Iraqi students of Razi University. Method: This research is exploratory in terms of its purpose and practical in terms of its use. The implementation method of this research is database. The statistical population of this research included experts, professors in the field of entrepreneurship and entrepreneurs. The required data were collected using targeted sampling with the snowball method and semi-structured in-depth interviews with experts. Max Kyuda version 22 software was used for data analysis. . Based on the results of the research, the causal, contextual, intervening factors, main phenomenon and strategies and consequences were identified during three stages of open, central and selective coding using MAXQDA 2022 software. Findings: The findings showed that the obtained categories were categorized under 31 sub-categories and 12 main categories in 6 main categories, which causal factors include; Infrastructural factors and human factors, the central category including organizational factors and structural factors; The strategies mentioned monitoring and implementation and technology. Background conditions have been emphasized on organizational attitudes, beliefs and strategies, and include intervening conditions, legal factors, and political factors. Also, the consequences included financial and social factors. Results: Creating and expanding academic entrepreneurship requires simultaneous attention to all structural, content and contextual aspects. In addition to this, the implementation of the entrepreneurial university model requires the formulation of entrepreneurial policies and perspectives, conducting internal and external studies, the formulation of specific strategic and operational plans for each university, and the continuous implementation and evaluation of these plans.

  This study was

   Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE AR-SA

the changes in technology in the last decade, the way of supplying and sellingproducts is very different from the past. Nowadays, one of the most populartools for communicating with customers and advertising products is using socialnetworks. One of the important topics propounded in the field of electronicmarketing is the discussion of loyalty. With the spread of e-commerce, one ofthe challenges in electronic stores is that commercial businesses face manycompetitors and customer loyalty is low. Customer loyalty in public andelectronic loyalty, in particular, are less studied topics; This gap isespecially more serious in the theoretical literature of the marketing field inthe country. Therefore, the upcoming research aims to examine the effects ofmarketing in the platform of social networks and customer experience onrelationship quality and electronic loyalty by using a descriptive-surveyresearch method. The method of collecting information is a combination oflibrary research and field research. A questionnaire was used to collect data,the reliability coefficient of which was obtained by calculating Cronbach'salpha of 0.79, and the validity of the questionnaire was investigated via facevalidity. A statistical sample of 394 people was extracted based on Cochran'sformula from the statistical population including all followers of tourismpages and handicrafts online stores on the Instagram social network in a simplerandom sampling method. The data analysis method is structural equationsmodeling which is done with LISREL software. In summary, the findings of thisresearch confirm the fact that marketing in the context of social networks andcustomer experience has a positive and meaningful effect on the quality of therelationship. Also, relationship quality has a positive and meaningful effecton electronic loyalty intention. Thus, observance of basic and fundamental issues inrelation to customers, employment of experienced and trained administrators tocommunicate with customers, accurate recognition of the target audience,cooperation with influencers, coverage of business news, representingattractive aspects of business, and continuing to produce and publish content,especially Video content and two-way interaction with customers are recommended.to businesses that act in social networks.    

تورم و نوسانات آن بر اقتصاد هر كشور تأثير زيادي دارد كه در اين بين عدم توانايي سياست پولي براي كاهش نرخ تورم به دليل پايداري تورم، هنگامي كه انتظارات افراد به صورت عقلايي باشد، مسأله‎ي مهمي است. زماني كه مقامات پولي طبق صلاحديد خودشان عمل كنند، مي‎تواند يكي از عوامل مهم تورش تورمي باشد. بر همين اساس اهداف پژوهش حاضر به صورت بررسي پايداري تورم و امكان بازگشت تورم به ميانگين بلندمدت و همچنين بررسي اثر سياست‌هاي پولي بر تورم است.   

University graduates are often sent to the job market with the aim of playing a role in the majority of abilities and knowledge. What is taught during education should create changes in people's insight, knowledge and skills so that after education, the needs of the society can be answered. Apart from the quantity of graduates, there must be quality and harmony between what is needed and what is taught; But one of the issues that the education system of many countries of the world is facing is the degree of matching the needs of society with the education of universities and educational centers.   The issue that can be raised is that in many cases, these requirements are not related to the acquired knowledge and skills of the graduates, or the emerging needs due to environmental changes suggest the need to change the existing fields or create new fields. Based on this, changing the title or contents of courses and creating interdisciplinary courses is a solution to overcome these problems. This research is carried out in order to examine the degree of conformity of the real needs of the labor market with the characteristics of management graduates, and it is faced with the problem that to what extent the characteristics of university graduates in the management field are compatible with the market needs? If there is a difference between the market's needs and the output of the universities, what measures should be taken to close this gap? The current research is a type of applied research that has been done with both quantitative and qualitative methods. In the qualitative section, after interviewing 17 experts in educational fields, and open, central and selective coding on the interviews, finally a conceptual model was drawn for the development of additional technical education in the university. Data collection in the qualitative part continued with the snowball method until theoretical saturation was reached. After drawing the conceptual model, structural equation method was used to verify the model with smart pls software. The statistical population in this section included decision makers and influencers in the field of education as well as students and graduates of management fields. The number of samples in this section was 120 people. The results of checking this section with the software also indicate the relative fit of the model with quantitative data. In summary, the findings of this research have shown that the development model of additional technical education is affected by various factors that can be >  

  Paying attention to economic growth as one of the goals of countries, especially developing countries, is of significant importance. One of the factors affecting sustainable economic growth is energy consumption. But on the other hand, sustainable economic growth can be a determining factor in energy consumption. The price of energy and the shock resulting from its fluctuations have always been interesting topics in macroeconomics, and there is considerable theoretical and empirical literature in this field. The current research was conducted with the aim of investigating the relationship between oil and gas prices and sustainable economic growth in Iran. The data used in this research was collected seasonally and at the base price of 2010 in the period of 2000-2020 and analyzed through Excel and Eviews 9 software. The base model is the VAR model, which was used to investigate the causal relationship between two variables using the Granger causality and Toda-Yamumoto tests. The results showed that at the confidence level of 95%, it can be said that the first hypothesis of the research is accepted and there is a significant and positive relationship between oil price and economic growth in Iran. Also, at the confidence level of 95%, it can be said that the hypothesis of the research that sustainable economic growth is attractive to the price of oil and gas is accepted, and the amount of this elasticity is equal to 1.159.

  The purpose of this research is to provide a model for customer life cycle management in social network banking. Other objectives of the research are to determine the weight and relative importance of the indicators used in the grouping of bank customers, to determine the CLV position of each of the customer categories and to determine the appropriate strategies of the bank in dealing with each of the customer categories that are engaged in social network banking at different stages of the customer's life cycle. Is. Also, the role of social networks in the banking system and the opportunities created by it were comprehensively investigated. The type of research method of this research is based on the purpose of an applied research, based on data collection is a survey descriptive research, and based on the approach or methodology, it is a qualitative research. In this research, content analysis and Delphi methods were used to collect data. The content analysis method was used to extract the research model and the Delphi method was used to test the model and improve it. The means of data collection were content analysis, document studies and Delphi method, interviews and distribution of questionnaires with closed and open questions. In the documentary and library method, theoretical foundations related to the research subject and the background of the studies conducted inside and outside the country on the subject under study were examined and many written sources including books, articles, theses and websites were searched. Then, the identified factors were strengthened by means of a Delphi questionnaire with closed and open questions. In the content analysis method, the statistical population included all the reviewed articles in the field of customer life cycle management and social network banking, and only the texts that were most related to the research topic were selected. The statistical population of the research using the Delphi method was academic experts and IT officials working in banks and universities, 30 of whom were selected by judgmental purposeful sampling and then snowballing until saturation was reached. The results of the research show that in the content analysis method, 60 indicators were obtained to provide a model for managing the customer life cycle in the bank and they entered the Delphi stage. In three Delphi rounds, 44 indicators were added to the indicators, and out of a total of 104 indicators, all were agreed upon by the experts. The proposed model of this research has 4 dimensions, 22 components and 104 indicators.

  The use of valuable business opportunities in the service sector, especially in the tourism industry, is a characteristic of the 21st century. Ecotourism is considered one of the branches of tourism, which branched off from rural tourism, and is now proposed as a new approach in this industry. It has become one of the most important economic sectors in many countries of the world. The tourism industry, with its ever-increasing growth and global nature, needs to be actively present in virtual communities. And to reach a worthy position, they should take advantage of new tools based on information technology. Operators of tourism businesses, especially those active in the field of ecotourism, can use virtual spaces as a different place for marketing and provide a new and suitable distribution channel for providing self-services; and attract tourists by introducing their business. Today, with the development of information technology, many businesses have accepted it as part of the value chain in their organization and updated and developed their work processes with the help of information technology resources. Ecotourism is also not without this way and in many countries, electronic tourism has spread well. One of the management measures in order to take advantage of information technology facilities is the use of social media to attract and retain customers, which can benefit It deserves the attention of organizations. In this study, using qualitative content analysis and Delphi method, effective factors in the use of social networks in ecotourism marketing have been identified and prioritized, and appropriate policy solutions have been proposed based on the findings. In terms of its practical (developmental) purpose, this research is a qualitative research in terms of its approach or methodology, and in terms of its data collection method, it is a survey type. In order to collect information, first by conducting library research and analyzing the content of different sources, the factors and factors affecting the marketing of social networks in tourism were extracted, and then by using the questionnaire tool and using the Delphi method, the opinion of 25 people The experts of information technology, tourism and marketing fields - who were selected by targeted sampling method - were asked about the indicators and key factors of success in social network marketing. In the end, the research model was identified by extracting five criteria for success in social media marketing, including the role of the social network platform, the role of electronic content, the role of businesses, the role of users, and the role of macro policies and governments.

  The development and penetration of social networks and the increasing number of users of these networks have created a very suitable environment for launching and introducing new businesses, considering that after nutrition, which is the need for food (water, food, fruit, etc.) ), clothing is the second priority of family consumption, clothing is one of the basic human needs, it can be considered as one of the most suitable fields for creating a new business and entrepreneurship in the context of social networks. In this research, the effective components for starting and improving this type of business have been discussed. After reviewing the theoretical foundations and previous studies through the quantitative method and distributing 384 questionnaires among the respondents and analyzing the results using pls software, the research findings indicated that all the hypotheses have a significant effect and are confirmed. The variables of trust level, payment method and shipping method, product characteristics, taffeta buying, improving the supply and increasing the Internet penetration rate with the desire to buy customers have a positive effect and the lack of a single standard in sizing, it is not clear whether the negative effects on the customer's desire They are related to the purchase of clothes from social networks in the context of business. Therefore, those who are trying to start a business and entrepreneurship in this field should consider these factors and try to strengthen the positive effects and reduce the negative effects. The development and penetration of social networks and the increasing number of users of these networks have created a very suitable environment for launching and introducing new businesses, considering that after nutrition, which is the need for food (water, food, fruit, etc), clothing is the second priority of family consumption, clothing is one of the basic human needs, it can be considered as one of the most suitable fields for creating a new business and entrepreneurship in the context of social networks. In this research, the effective components for starting and improving this type of business have been discussed.

  In today's world, when it comes to economic problems, the lack of physical capital is often cited as one of its biggest problems, and there is no mention of social capital. At the same time, the need for social capital is felt more than any other capital in the face of recession or inflation, which requires confidence-building. Accordingly, the present study has estimated the role of social capital in supporting national production during the years 1370 to 1399 using the ARDL approach. In this regard, the results have shown that in the short and long term, social capital has a positive and significant effect on the share of the industrial production sector in gross national income

Abstract Today, rural employment (entrepreneurship) in developing countries is one of the main topics of discussion. In fact, rural entrepreneurship is in the role of a strategy in the development, prosperity and growth of human societies and a suitable solution for job creation and income increase in rural areas. The purpose of this study is to identify entrepreneurial opportunities in order to create rural employment in Ravansar city. This research is applied in terms of purpose and has been done in a mixed (qualitative-quantitative) way. In terms of research method, in the qualitative part, the content analysis method was used with a deductive approach and in the quantitative part, a questionnaire was used. The statistical population in this study were experts in the field of entrepreneurship and rural employment in Ravansar, including experts in agricultural jihad, natural resources, labor and cooperation, mining, trade, cultural heritage, city and village council and entrepreneurs. The sampling method in the qualitative section was targeted in the form of snowballs until theoretical saturation was achieved. According to the interview conducted in this section, 12 of these people were saturated. Data analysis was performed using AHP method and Expert Choice software. Due to data collection, a large number of entrepreneurial opportunities were identified and coded and then based on the criteria we extracted from the literature (criteria: job creation capacity, ease of financing, ease of use of opportunity, fit of opportunity with the capabilities of the region). And the capacity to create economic value) We have prioritized, the identified opportunities are: opportunities in agriculture, animal husbandry, tourism and handicrafts, home businesses, small and medium industries. Findings showed that based on the results of comparing the criteria affecting the evaluation of entrepreneurial opportunities, job creation capacity (weighing 0.263) has the highest priority. Ease of financing (with a weight of 0.243), ease of taking advantage of the opportunity (with a weight of 0.182), proportionality of the opportunity with the capabilities of the region (with a weight of 0.177) and capacity to create economic value (with a weight of 0.143) ) Were also ranked second to fifth, respectively. Also, based on the set of evaluation criteria, opportunities related to the agricultural sector (weighing 0.212) had the highest priority among entrepreneurial opportunities in rural areas of Ravansar city, and opportunities related to areas of acquisition. .Home work, small and medium industries, animal husbandry, tourism and handicrafts were the next priorities, respectively. The results showed that identifying entrepreneurial opportunities leads to rural employment in Ravansar city. Keywords: Entrepreneurship, Opportunity Identification, Rural Employment   

چكيده بروز آسيب‌هاي اجتماعي گوناگون و فقدان برنامه‌ريزي‌هاي كلان در كشورها امكان ادام? روند رشد طبيعي و زندگي بهنجاري را براي برخي از كودكان مختل مي‌كند. در كشور عزيزمان هم كودكان و نوجواناني وجود دارند كه به دلايل‌ گوناگوني با آسيب‌ها و مشكلات زيادي مواجه هستند. كودكاني كه دستخوش معضلات و آسيب‌ها قرار دارند و جامعه را با پديد? نوظهوري به نام كودكان كار روبرو ساخته است كه بيشتر به دلايل مشكلات اقتصادي و فقراز نيازهاي اولي? خود مانند: تحصيلات بهداشت   و ... بي‌نصيب‌اند و بـا مشكلات زيادي روبرو هستند. عدم توجّه   به آنها مي‌تواند در آيندة نه‌چندان دور سلامت بخش وسيعي از جامعه را تهديد كند. يكي از اقدام‌هايي كه مؤثر براي ازبين‌بردن مشكلات اجتماعي كه كودكان كار يكي از آنهاست؛ استفاده از تلاش‌هاي كارآفرينان? اجتماعي در جامعه است. كارآفريني اجتماعي مسائل اجتماعي را نشان مي‌دهد و براي توانگر سازي جامعه‌هاي بشري مورداستفاده قرار مي‌گيرد. براي اين كه بتوان زمين? كارآفريني اجتماعي را گسترش داد و پس از آن بر اساس اين راهكار به حل مسئل? كودكان كار پرداخت. نياز به شناخت ظرفيت كارآفريني اجتماعي در اين زمينه است. در همين راستا مقصود و هدف اين پژوهش كه كاربردي و با رويكردي آميخته (كيفي - كمي) انجام شده است. شناسايي ظرفيت كارآفريني اجتماعي در بهبود شرايط كودكان كار در شهر كرمانشاه است. در قسمت نخست اين پژوهش با روش كيفي صورت پذيرفته است با 20 نفر از مديران و كارشناسان فعال در حيط? كارآفريني اجتماعي و حوز? كودكان كار در كرمانشاه كه به شيوة هدفمند برگزيده شدند كه شامل: مديران و كارشناسان   مراكز و مؤسسات غيردولتي و سازمان‌هاي مردم‌نهاد در كرمانشاه، كارآفرينان اجتماعي فعال در حوز? كودكان كار در كرمانشاه،   مديران و كارشناسان اداره بهزيستي كرمانشاه، مديران و كارشناسان   كميته امداد امام (ره) كرمانشاه   و مديران وكارشناسان شهرداري كرمانشاه بودند مصاحبه عميق و نيمه ساختارمند صورت گرفت و پس از آن كه اشباع نظري به دست آمد؛ به روش داده‌بنياد (GT) در سه‌مرحله‌اي كه در روش داده‌بنياد صورت مي‌گيرد (كدگذاري باز كدگذاري محوري كدگذاري انتخابي) مورد تجزيه‌وتحليل قرار گرفت كه نتايج بخش كيفي شامل: 3 عامل علّي 8 عامل زمينه‌اي 4 عامل مداخله‌گر 4 عامل راهبردي و در نهايت 3 پيامد (دستاورد ) با زير مقوله‌هايشان هستند كه دراين‌خصوص مؤلفه‌هاي "ايجاد شغل براي والدين كودكان كار و حمايت" و "هدايت شغلي والدين كودكان كار" از بين مؤلفه‌هاي عوامل علّي مورد بررسي بالاترين رتبه را   به خود اختصاص دادند و مؤثرترين مؤلفه‌ها بر بهبود شرايط كودكان كار شناخته شدند همچنين مؤلفه‌هاي "ضعيف بودن مسئوليت اجتماعي مردم و مسئولين و "فقر فرهنگي" و "پايين بودن سطح تحصيلات اجتماعي" از بين مؤلفه‌هاي عوامل زمينه‌اي مورد بررسي و "وزارت كشور و استانداري" از بين مؤلفه‌هاي عوامل مداخله‌گر مورد بررسي و مؤلفه‌هاي" آموزش مهارت‌هاي فردي و اجتماعي" و "آموزش مهارت والدين كودكان كار" از بين مؤلفه‌هاي عوامل راهبردي مورد بررسي و درنهايت مؤلفه‌هاي "مشاركت اجتماعي" و "اشتغال‌زايي و كاهش بيكاري" از بين مؤلفه‌هاي پيامد (دستاوردها) مورد بررسي ظرفيت كارآفريني اجتماعي بالاترين رتبه را به خود اختصاص دادند. و در ادامه در قسمت كمي پژوهش براي صحه‌گذاري نتيجه‌هاي به‌دست‌آمده بخش كيفي و عموميت دادن به داده‌ها و فراگيري‌اش 22 فرضيه گردآوري و سؤال‌هاي پرسش‌نامه بر مبناي آن تنظيم شد. براي تأييد دادهاي حاصل از بخش كيفي، نمون? آماري در قسمت كمي   پژوهش 100 نفر به صورت هدفمند و در دسترس انتخاب شدند و به‌وسيلة پرسش‌نامه‌اي با ضريب پايايي 92/0 داده‌هايي كه موردنياز بودند؛ جمع‌آوري و فرضيه‌ها در دو مرحله با استفاده از روش‌هاي آماري و در نرم‌افزارهاي    و LIESERL آزمون شدند. در مرحل? نخست داده‌هاي به‌دست‌آمده از طريق پرسش‌نامه را بوسيل? نرم‌افزار      به شيو? «آزمونt   (استيودنت) و آزمون فريدمن تجزيه‌وتحليل و در مرحل? دوم داده‌هاي به‌دست‌آمده از طريق پرسش‌نامه، بوسيل?   آزمون تحليل عاملي اكتشافي و تأييدي با نرم‌افزار    و LISREL تحليل شدند.    كليد واژگان: كارآفريني، كارآفريني اجتماعي، كارآفرين اجتماعي، كودكان كار، رويكرد آميخته   

this study aimed to analysis the barriers to entrepreneurship in the mobile games industry in Iran. In order to prepare the data, first by studying the theoretical foundations and literature of the research and the existing documents related to the research topic through content analysis, the existing barriers to entrepreneurship in the mobile games industry were identified and   Then, through Delphi method, these barriers were approved and prioritized. The present study is a in terms of applied purpose, in term of data collection descriptive and It is a mixed research in terms of methodology. The statistical population in the content analysis method included all Internal and external scientific sources and documents and research literature and existing background related to the research topic. the statistical population of the study in Delphi method were experts in the field of technology, video games and mobile phones in the country, who were selected by purposeful sampling method in the form of snowball and according to indicators such as experience, ability, desire, participation and availability and 25 panel members Delphi collaborated with the researcher until the end of the third round. The results show that in the content analysis method, 67 indicators for   the barriers to entrepreneurship in the mobile gaming industry were extracted and the Delphi phase of the research began and then in 3 rounds of Delphi, 24 indicators were added to the indicators and out of 91 indicators proposed in the Delphi rounds, 55 indicators were approved by the panel members. the Suggested pattern of this research has 6 dimensions, 28 components and 54 indices. It can be concluded that entrepreneurs in the path of activity in the mobile games industry face barriers related to the dimensions of financial barriers, human barriers, cultural barriers, infrastructure barriers, legal barriers and managerial barriers. In the continuation of the research, solutions and suggestions are presented in order to eliminate these obstacles.

Just as the importance of entrepreneurship in today's societies is not hidden from anyone, the value and importance of entrepreneurship education in reducing unemployment and sustainable development of countries is an inescapable issue; On this basis, in our country, every year an increasing number of universities and governmental and non-governmental educational centers turn to entrepreneurship education, but the issue that is very important is the pathology of entrepreneurship education because if there are major injuries in the body of university entrepreneurship education and Failure to respond properly will waste all the funds spent in this area. Accordingly, this study aimed to investigate the pathology of entrepreneurship education at Razi University with the help of the four-dimensional F   model and to analyze the possible damages of this complex in four functional, process, structural and systemic dimensio   Therefore, with the help of the integrated (quantitative-qualitative) approach, among the 4570 students who passed the General Entrepreneurship Unit in different faculties in the academic year 1399-1400, 357 people were selected as a statistical sample and their opinions were assessed using a questionnaire. It was found that entrepreneurship education in Razi University is in a relatively unfavorable situation in the functional dimension and in a relatively favorable situation in the process, structural and systemic dimensions. In the next step, ie in the qualitative part of the research, in order to achieve useful solutions to improve the situation, the opinions of 5 relevant experts and professors were collected with the help of interview tools and the content of 15 documents, articles and researches in this field. Content analysis was reviewed and then practical solutions to eliminate the existing harms and improve the general situation of entrepreneurship education in Razi University of Kermanshah were proposed.   

Abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of social support, loyal behaviors and attractiveness of technology on social business. The present study was applied in terms of purpose and correlational in terms of descriptive method. This study was applied in terms of method and regression in terms of descriptive-correlational purpose. The data required for this study were collected by Molino et al.'s (2019) Social Support Questionnaire, Liang Shen et al.'s (2019) Technology Attractiveness, Bintztack et al.'s (2003) Loyal Behaviors (2003), and Adenour (1397) Social Business Statistics. All students in Arak who are in Islamic Azad University, Arak University and Payame Noor University of Arak who buy from Digi Kala site and have had the experience of buying from this site at least once, which according to Cochran's formula for this volume of society, 379 Subjects were selected for stratified sampling. Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics were used to analyze the collected data. The results showed that social support has a positive and significant effect on social trade, loyal behaviors on social trade and technology attractiveness on social trade. Keywords: social support, loyal behaviors, technology attractiveness, social business   

   Today, the ecotourism industry has become one of the important sources of income for the villagers. IT, as an empowerment and integrator of the value network in the ecotourism industry, can play a significant role in the development of this industry and in addition to increasing local employment, increasing the income of local people and capabilities of rural areas. This study aims to provide a model for the developing ecotourism industry in Iran with an emphasis on IT. This research is a qualitative research that has been done by content analysis and Delphi methods. In the content analysis method, the indicators of the initial model have been extracted and this model has been completed and tested by the Delphi method. The statistical population in the content analysis method included all texts related to the research topic and in the Delphi method were experts and university professors specializing in e-tourism and e-tourism industry which 30 experts cooperated until the end of the third round. Sampling method was done in content analysis method using counting and in Delphi method using snowball. Based on the findings of the first part of the research, 38 indicators have been identified, and in the second part, 24 indicators have been added to model, of which six of the identified indicators have not been agreed by experts. The research model includes 56 indicators, 34 components and 9 dimensions (including legal infrastructure, financial infrastructure, mobile commerce infrastructure, e-advertising management, content marketing, customer relationship management, e-HRM, local partnership and software infrastructure). In this research, an innovative model for the development of ecotourism industry is presented. Although many studies emphasize on tourist attraction, this model encompasses all three stages of tourist life cycle management, which include attracting, maintaining, and developing a relationship with the tourist. Also, the proposed model covers the four approaches existing in the theoretical foundations in the field of eco-tourism industry development, which include the four perceptual, behavioral, service and educational perspectives. The proposed model of this research has raised issues far beyond the aforementioned views. Attention to all the extracted indicators of this research model in all its dimensions is suggested as practical suggestions for the development of ecotourism industry.

  Calamities and natural disasters have been an integral part of human life throughout history. Natural hazards Due to the growth of economies and the development of global infrastructure, the global economy suffers wider financial losses than in previous years. In Iran, as one of the 10 accident hotspots in the world, evaluation of financing methods before and during natural disasters seems important and necessary. In this study, the methods of financing natural disasters in order to provide appropriate solutions for Iran with emphasis on the Kermanshah earthquake in Sarpol-e Zahab in 1396 have been discussed. This study was performed using multi-criteria decision making method and hierarchical analysis method with more than five opinions. Therefore, it is a descriptive-survey research. In the sample selection process of this study, the opinions of 6 economists and managers with experience in financing natural disasters have been used to analyze the information and complete the questionnaire. According to the results, despite the fact that in Kermanshah earthquake, compared to similar cases of previous earthquakes in the country in terms of timing, method of work and reconstruction, there are improvements compared to previous experiences, but still natural crisis management In Iran, it focuses on the post-crisis period and less attention is paid to pre-crisis cases and new financing methods. To improve the current situation, and to get out of the current trend, the use of global trade such as joint reinsurance and crisis management funds seems important and necessary. The results of statistical analysis indicate that the combined method with the highest weight has the first priority in Kermanshah province. The results show that the methods are 1- Government general budget 2- Personal funds and loans from dependents 3- Use of foreign facilities 4- Domestic bank loans 5- Natural disaster fund 6- Natural disaster insurance 7- Crowdfunding 8- Combined methods for providing There are financial crises caused by natural disasters and according to the conditions of Kermanshah earthquake, the mentioned methods are the best or the most useful and available methods.

      The purpose of this study is to identify and prioritize the variables affecting the development of health tourism in Kermanshah. This research is an exploratory mix (qualitative-quantitative), which is a research method in the qualitative part of content analysis in which categories and concepts were extracted from interviews and in a quantitative part using Friedman test in   26 software and in In this section, the identified categories of qualitative phase were ranked. The data collection tool was semi-structured in the qualitative part of the in-depth interview and a questionnaire in the quantitative part. Participants in the qualitative section were 10 experts who identified the concepts using snowball sampling method and achieving theoretical data saturation. Also, the study population in the quantitative section were 45 health tourism experts. According to the results of this research, soft infrastructure categories (with an average rank of 5) are the most important category in the success of health tourism development. Then, in order of the following categories: hard infrastructure, government support, cultural and social issues, marketing and advertising are effective on the success of health tourism development. Each of the categories has several components, which according to the results, the component of medical equipment (with an average rank of 16.89), which is a subset of the category of soft infrastructure, was recognized as the most important component for success in the development of health tourism.

The purpose of writing this study is to identify the factors affecting sales success in virtual networks and prioritize these factors and finally reach the research model. The statistical population of this exploratory mixed research in both qualitative and quantitative parts includes successful virtual sellers and people who have the necessary work experience or knowledge and experience in the field of virtual sales (on social networks: Telegram, Instagram and WhatsApp) in the country. In this study, the main criterion for determining the sample size in the qualitative part was to achieve a theoretical saturation point that sampling was done with a purposeful approach and snowball method. In this study, first in the qualitative phase, semi-structured and in-depth interviews were conducted with 10 experts and secondary data were extracted from various texts and sources. Using content enalysis method and coding of variables extracted from interviews and secondary data (including books, internal and external articles and websites), two main categories, 9 categories and 43 components were finally identified. To ensure the accuracy and robustness of the qualitative part of the research (equivalent to validity and reliability in quantitative research), methods of selecting appropriate samples and reviewing participants and experts were used. In the quantitative phase of the research, through the distribution of a researcher-made questionnaire and an experts survey, information was collected from 53 people in a targeted and accessible manner. 4The validity of the questionnaire was done in two parts: validity (approval by supervisors and consultants) and reliability (Cronbach's alpha: 0.897). In this part of the study, the identified variables were ranked using Spss software based on Friedman test. Then, using Smart Pls software, the researcher-made model was evaluated and its fit and goodness were tested. The results of measurement model test, structural model test and general model test showed the appropriateness and suitability of the research model. According to the results, the category of "effective presence in social networks" (with an average rank of 8.68) in the group of basic factors for launching virtual sales and the category of "sales incentives" (with an average rank of 7.08) in the group of factors affecting progress Virtual sales are the most important categories in these two groups (major categories). Also, the results of general prioritization of research categories showed that after the category of active presence in social networks, respectively, categories targeted activity, sales incentives, customer satisfaction attract, digital literacy and sales skills, effective advertising, saler ethics, sales facilities and support after the purchase, they affects the sales success of the virtual networks. Each of these categories has several components that according to the results, the product quality component (with an average rating of 28.08), which is a subset of customer satisfaction attract category, was recognized as the most important component for success in virtual sales.

Abstract: Iran is a country with rich oil and gas reserves. Existence of different conditions in the provinces of the country in terms of income and geography and implementation of the same energy policies for all provinces does not lead to good results and in some provinces causes energy waste.   In this study, we tried to find the correlation and causal relationship between energy consumption (kerosene, gasoline, gas oil, furnace oil, electricity, natural gas and total energy) and GDP for Iran as a panel and provinces separately. Review.   Also, divisions based on average per capita income, average energy intensity and average temperature of provincial centers and five regions have been done for the provinces of Iran, and for each of these divisions there is a correlation and causal relationship to The face is examined separately. The results of correlation analysis show that the correlation pattern between energy consumption and GDP is different in different classifications, for different energy carriers and at different time scales. In examining the causal results of Dummietser and Herlin in the short term, the results are different, but for the medium and long term, in most cases, there is a bilateral causal relationship. Examining this relationship will help to formulate the policies of the country's energy sector. In this study, the data of all provinces of the country in 25 provinces during 30 years (1367-1397) have been studied

Education is the axis of change in society and an important instrument for achieving economic and social development of countries. The capability approach (CA), that sees human as means and ends of development, considers the value of education in all of its dimensions and believes that the education system of countries - by providing the opportunity of educating required capabilities - enable citizens to participate effectively in the process of development. Therefore, the present study intends to use the CA to analyze and evaluate the capability gap in the basic education system of Afghanistan. In the first step, to determine the current situation of the basic education system in terms of attention to the capabilities required for realization of development, the content of the textbooks of this level is analyzed. The findings of this section showed that in the content of the studied textbooks, the most attention was paid to the capabilities of “Literacy and Numeracy” (29.38%), “Voice and Assertiveness” (18.99%) and “Values and Etiquette” (15.7%); but to the other capabilities, has not been paid sufficient and balanced attention or has not been provided systematic and appropriate content that be able to educate and institutionalize those capabilities in the personality of students. In the second step, in order to draw the desired situation of the basic education system in Afghanistan, by using a comprehensive literature review, a list of capabilities required for the basic education system was identified and then, to localize and adapt it to the specific needs and conditions of Afghanistan, this list has been reviewed by experts in a Delphi survey. The capabilities agreed upon by the experts in the final list include: “Communication and Collaboration”, “Tolerance and Global citizenship”, “Regularity and The rule of law”, “Critical thinking and Problem-solving”, “Scientism”, “Values and Etiquette”,“Curiosity and Learning”, “Voice and Assertiveness”, “Ability to choose and Autonomy”,“Self-awareness and Anticipation”, “Respect and Recognition”, “Creativity and Innovation”, “Science and Technology”, “Literacy and Numeracy”, “Bodily health and Physical activities”, “Adaptability and Grit”, “Other species” and “Senses and Emotional integrity”. Based on the research findings, it can be concluded that in terms of the capabilities required for realization of development, there is a significant gap between the current situation and the desired status of the basic education system in Afghanistan. Therefor, without paying attention to this problem and continuing to neglect the priority of the basic public education system in educational orientations and development policies, achieving inclusive and human development in Afghanistan will face serious challenges. Keywords: Development, Basic Education, Capability Approach, Afghanistan, Content Analysis, Delphi Technique.

The history of human civilization has been plagued by a series of crises caused by epidemics, wars and catastrophes, each of which has had a significant contribution to the change in the activities of human societies. The present study was written with the aim of analyzing the model of consumer behavior in crisis situations and providing an appropriate marketing solution (Case study: Corona virus crisis on small and medium enterprises), It has been written. For this purpose, five main steps were prepared to achieve the objectives of this study. In the first step, the effects and consequences of the outbreak of COVID-19 on consumer behavior in Iranian society were studied and identified, which resulted in the presentation of a four-part model at the beginning of the fifth chapter. In the third step of the research, which is a kind of entry into the quantitative phase and field study of the research, the collected data from the qualitative part were measured and tested to check their accuracy. Then, in the fourth step of the research, a model for predicting consumer behavior in crisis situations was prepared and adjusted. Finally, in the fifth step, in addition to presenting the research process model, solutions to get out of the current problem were suggested to businesses. The research methodology was a combination of two quantitative and qualitative approaches (mixed approach) and using nest logic; For this purpose, in the qualitative section, using the qualitative research interview method and systematic analysis of Strauss and Corbin, data were collected and collected. How to collect data in the qualitative part using judgmental sampling and snowball and based on a sample of 20 people consisting of experts and experts aware of the subject was done. Interviews (semi-structured) were then conducted to achieve theoretical saturation, and data analysis was performed through qualitative or interpretive content analysis. Then, in the quantitative part, the quantitative part was made by using a survey method and preparing a researcher-made questionnaire, the validity and reliability of which were confirmed. The accuracy of the data was measured in the qualitative part. The statistical population of Kermanshah province and the sample size selected in the quantitative section were selected by Morgan et al. Table above 384. Quantitative data analysis was performed using    software. The findings of the qualitative sector indicate profound changes in consumer behavior, which were >  

   Today, due to the significant role of marketing in various aspects and the need to recognize it, studies in this field are very important. Political marketing is also an interdisciplinary scientific aspect in marketing, sociology, political science and communication sciences due to the current complex and transitional conditions, and studies that can determine its dimensions have already attracted the attention of experts and activists in this field. Due to the lack of a specific background based on inquiries from the Irandac system regarding the effect of political marketing on increasing the soft power component, in this study, political marketing tools and soft power tools were identified and their effects were studied. The effect of political marketing is to increase the soft power component of the Islamic Republic of Iran. For this purpose, in this exploratory mixed research (qualitative and quantitative), first in the qualitative phase, semi-structured and in-depth interviews were conducted with 10 experts, and with the help of content analysis, categories of both interviews and secondary data including books, internal and external articles, Archives of interviews of news agencies, websites and virtual network channels, including the channel of the Center for Political Marketing Studies affiliated with the Center for Growth of Imam Sadegh (AS) University, were identified. In the quantitative phase of the research, by preparing a researcher-made questionnaire and conducting an expert survey among 46 people from the statistical population, assuming (N = n), the categories were tested and the validity of the questionnaire was valid in two parts: validity and reliability (Cronbach's alpha was calculated 0.895). done. Quantitative research results were obtained using   26 software based on Friedman test and the identified categories of qualitative phase were classified. These results showed that in order to attract tourists and foreign investors, the use of political marketing is necessary to increase soft power, and this component was ranked first. Accordingly, various types of diplomacy such as public, official, sports, cultural, communication, event, etc. diplomacy were considered as the most important international political marketing techniques and won first place. National self-confidence was the most important indicator of international political marketing, according to experts, which ranked first among other indicators. Incoherence of programs and strategies in the field of international political marketing was the first constraint on the use of international political marketing, and this constraint was recognized as the most important constraint among the existing constraints. The most effective foreign policy discourse of the Islamic Republic of Iran in order to take advantage of international political marketing, the discourse of international detente was identified with realism and purpose. Regarding the current situation and position of the country, the position of the Islamic Republic of Iran was historically and culturally ranked first, but the country's position in terms of export products was ranked eighth among the questions related to the current position, which indicates that in This is a weakness. Therefore, in the suggestions section, separately and for each question, based on the ranks obtained through Friedman test, practical and research explanations are included.

  ~The main concern of this research is the answer to this question: How did the produced political atmosphere and the praxis of the opposition forces in Kermanshah affect each other? Here the dialectical relationship of praxis and space in the heart of history through dealing with how the praxies of opposition and anti-government forces (both left and right, modern and traditional) and its two-way relationship with power at the heart of productive, political, ideological and ... Is available. By putting together the pieces of the puzzle of political struggles in this region, we give objectivity to the idea that changing the prevailing space changed the forms of praxis, and the political classes and forces with their praxis challenge the politics of space and space control by the government. Critical points and historical revolutionary moments in different periods, political parties and groups and their practice, social classes, understanding of regional economy, government, institutions of power and dominant political atmosphere, understanding of global capitalist phase and its impact on research geography and domestic production relations are the most important requirements. The raw materials of the research are discussed in two historical episodes (bread and law / from the beginning of the constitution to its end) and episode 2 (worker and murder / from the end of the constitution until 1325). In this praxis-based historical study, episode 1 begins with the bread riot and the constitutionalist praxis, and episode 2 begins with the bread and praxis riots of the protesting workers of the Kermanshah Oil Company, and eventually both episodes end in a coup. The demands made by the protesters in each episode are met or taken to another level. The aristocracy, intellectuals, clergy, tribes, and nomads were present in both episodes, and their political behavior did not change much in either period. In episode 2, the advanced class gradually fades with the advent of the new middle class and has no apparent presence in political developments, but the industrial worker is the stratum that systematically created labor struggles and did not have a visible presence in the first period of research (episode 1). Cinema and the street were also the achievements of changes in the relations of production and space, which are added to space in the second episode and play a role in the production of new space. The ruling power has also undergone changes in recent years, moving from a monarchy to a modern absolute state. "Oil" is an important economic element that has played an important role in changing this atmosphere and has left its effects in political, social and ... relations until today. During the research, we see an effective change from land rent to oil rent. In both episodes, the struggle of the fighting and ruling forces and the effects of pressures and resistances on each other are observed. The result of this conflict is the repulsion of each at a time when the opposing force, after accepting the influence of the other as well as the underlying changes, rises up and acts with a new quality.

يكي از مهم­ترين عوامل اثرگذار بر درآمد افراد، رشد اقتصادي است. ارتباط بين رشد اقتصادي و شهرنشيني از موضوعات مهم اقتصاد شهري است. كه توجه اقتصاددانان به ويژه اقتصاددانان توسعه را به خود جلب كرده است و در ميان سرمايه انساني به عنوان كانال ارتباطي نقش مهمي در اين مي­تواند داشته باشد. هدف اين پژوهش اثر شهرنشيني بر رشد اقتصادي از كانال سرمايه انساني در استان­هاي ايران براي بازه زماني 1395-1385 است. مدل تخمين زده با استفاده از نرم­افزار استاتا، مدل پانل و داراي اثرات تصادفي بوده، و با روش   سيستمي تخمين زده شده است، نتايج بيانگر اين است كه شهرنشيني بر سرمايه انساني داري اثر مثبت است و همچنين توليد ناخالص داخلي سرانه واقعي تابعي از توليد دوره گذشته است، و همچنين با افزايش نرخ شهرنشيني، توليد ناخالص داخلي سرانه افزايش مي­يابد.

   چكيده در اكثر كشورهاي جهان دولت ها به منظور تعيين جهت گيري هاي اقتصادي، اجتماعي و فرهنگي همچون از ميان بردن فقر و نابرابري و رشد اقتصادي و پيشبرد اهداف توسعه اي خود اقدام به اتخاذ سياست هاي خاص و استفاده از ابزارهاي حمايتي مي كنند.كشور ايران نيز بعنوان كشوري در حال توسعه همواره براي پيشرفت در مسير توسعه به يك سيستم حمايتي نياز خواهد داشت. يكي از اين ابزارها و سياست هاي حمايتي كه در جهت بهبود وضعيت معيشتي و رفاهي اقشار نيازمند از آن بهره گرفته مي شود؛ پرداخت يارانه ها مي باشد. يارانه به عنوان يك ابزار حمايتي نقشي مؤثر در   بهبود توزيع درآمد دارد و مي تواند با كمك به   بهبود شرايط اقتصادي موجب رضايت واعتماد عمومي افراد جامعه نسبت به نظام حكومتي گردد و از اين حيث بر ميزان سرمايه اجتماعي تأثير مثبتي داشته باشند. سرمايه اجتماعي سنگ بناي جامعه مرفه و دولت كارآمد است   و در سايه حفظ تقويت و انباشت اين منبع ارزشمند است كه جامعه مي تواند از دستاوردهاي توسعه و حكمراني خوب بهره مند شود. به اين جهت دولت همواره موظف است كه محيط اجتماعي اعتمادآوري را فراهم آورد كه در سايه آن احساس اعتماد- امنيت و رضايت را در جامعه معنا دار سازد. بنابراين شناخت و بررسي تأثير اقدامات و سياست هاي دولت بر سرمايه اجتماعي از اهميت ويژه اي برخوردار است كه در اين پايان نامه به آن پرداخته خواهد شد. بدين ترتيب در اين پايان نامه سعي شده است با استفاده از داده هاي سري زماني براي دوره (1396- 1375) و بر اساس روش خود رگرسيون با وقفه توزيعي(ARDL) تأثير متغيرهاي سياست هاي حمايتي دولت، ضريب جيني، درآمد ملي سرانه و نرخ تورم بر روي سرمايه اجتماعي بررسي و ارزيابي شود. نتايج حاصل از تخمين مدل حاكي از آن است كه در بلند مدت متغيرهاي حمايت دولت در بخش بهداشت و پرداخت يارانه ها با متغير سرمايه اجتماعي رابطه مثبت و معناداري دارند و متغير حمايت دولت در بخش مسكن نيز رابطه مثبتي با متغيرسرمايه اجتماعي دارد كه از لحاظ آماري معني دار نيست. همچنين متغير حمايت دولت در بخش بهزيستي تأمين اجتماعي رابطه منفي با متغير سرمايه اجتماعي دارد كه از لحاظ آماري معني دار نيست. متغير حمايت دولت در بخش آموزش نيز رابطه منفي اما معني داري با سرمايه اجتماعي دارد. همچنين نتايج حاصل از برآورد مدل بيانگر آن است كه متغير درآمد ملي سرانه و ضريب جيني رابطه منفي و معني داري با متغيرسرمايه اجتماعي دارند و متغير نرخ تورم نيز رابطه منفي و از نظرآماري بدون معني با سرمايه اجتماعي دارد. ضريب تصحيح خطا (ECM) نيز براي مدل 83/0-   است كه نشان مي دهدكه در صورت بروز يك شوك اقتصادي در دوره فعلي83/0از عدم تعادل هاي دوره گذشته تعديل خواهد شد. كليدواژه: سياست حمايتي، يارانه، سرمايه جتماعي

   امروزه برابري جنسيتي در ابعاد گوناگون اجتماعي و اقتصادي نه تنها به عنوان ضرورت اخلاقي بلكه به عنوان راهي به سوي آباداني و پيشرفت ملت‌ها اهميت ويزه‌اي دارد. شواهد نشان مي‌دهد كه عليرغم قانون‌گذاري‌هاي مبني بر برابري جنسيتي بر حسب برابري فرصت‌هاي شغلي و سطح پرداخت، باز هم نمودهايي از تبعيض جنسيتي عليه زنان و گاهاً مردان در محيط كار مشاهده مي‌شود. هدف از اين پژوهش بررسي رابطه بين شكاف جنسيتي و بيكاري در ايران بود. بر اين اساس از طريق مرور ادبيات نظري و پيشينه تحقيق مدل مفهومي و فرضيه‌هاي تحقيق ارائه شدند. سپس داده‌هاي مورد نياز از سالنامه آماري مركز آمار ايران و گزارش منطقه‌اي مركز آمار جمع‌آوري شد. در نهايت فرضيه‌ها و مدل مفهومي پژوهش با استفاده از روش مدلسازي معادله ساختاري و بر پايه داده‌هاي گردآوري شده مورد آزمون قرار گرفت. يافته‌هاي پژوهش حاضر نشان مي‌دهد كه عواملي مثل نرخ مشاركت نيروي كار، توليد ناخالص داخلي، سهم فارغ‌التحصيلان از نيروي كار، سهم ارزش افزوده صنعت و سهم ارزش افزوده كشاورزي بر روي بيكاري تأثير مي‌گذارند. و نتايج به دست آمده نشان داد كه بين شكاف جنسيتي و بيكاري در ايران رابطه مثبت و معناداري وجود دارد.   

The need of the society for food supply is increasing due to the high population growth, with the main share being the agricultural sector, especially the livestock sector. But given that the protein industry, especially in the poultry sector, is still being traditionally managed, it has not been able to keep pace with community needs. And it seems to be one of the important factors in the fabrication part of the industry, so this article, taken from a similar research, looks at this from the point of view of industry experts and after The issue is addressed in the production and supply chain in the poultry sector, while referring to a complete, independent, upstream and downstream supply chain of financing methods including consortiums, bank credentials, Crowd Funding and banks.

   امروزه، آرايش كشورها به سمت و سوي ساختار اقتصاد دانش‌بنيان[1] كه مسير توسعه به آن منتهي مي‌شود رقم مي‌خورد. كشورهايي در زمر? توسعه يافتگي قرار مي‌گيرند كه در تكاپوي تحقق اين الگوي توسعه باشند و با بهره‌گيري و انطباق خود با ساختار اقتصاد دانش‌بنيان، مسير پيشرفت و توسع? روز افزون خود را به ارمغان آورند.كشوري در اين عرصه به ديگر رقبا برتري مي‌جويد از دانش[2] كه به عنوان قدرتمندترين موتور توليد در عصر نوين شناخته شده است بهره گيرد. در واقع ايد? افراد و خلق دانش، ثروت و قدرت يك كشور را نمايان مي‌سازد چه بسا كه عصر منابع مادي و فيزيكي جاي خود را به سرمايه‌ها و دارايي‌هاي دانشي داده است. اما آنچه كه در اين راستا مهم جلوه مي‌كند   فراهم نمودن بسترهاي لازم جهت تحقق اين نوع از اقتصاد مي‌باشد كه تمام فعاليت‌هاي آن با نهاد? دانش گره خورده است. بنابراين توجه به فرهنگ[3] و عوامل فرهنگي كه نقش زيربنا در توسع? جامعه را برعهده دارند مي‌تواند مسير را براي تحقق آرمان و سياستگذاري‌هاي كلان يك كشور جهت تحقق   پيشرفت و اهداف توسعه را فراهم سازد. بنابراين، اين پژوهش بر آن است به اين مسئله بپردازد كه تحقق اهداف و برنامه‌هاي اقتصاد دانش‌بنيان در حوز? فرهنگ متأثر از چه عواملي است. همچنين چه شاخص‌هايي نماگر اين عوامل و نهادهاي فرهنگي مرتبط هستند. در صورت تحقق اين هدف مي‌توان اميد داشت كه ضمن كاهش خلأ نظري در اين حوزه، امكان ارائه راهكارهاي عملياتي به بازيگران اين حوزه فراهم شده و به بهره‌گيري عملي از اين مفاهيم در برنامه‌هاي توسعه اين بخش را فراهم سازد. در اين پژوهش، از دو روش توصيفي- تحليلي و پيمايشي براي پاسخ‌گويي به سوالات محوري تحقيق، استفاده شده است. پس از شناسايي عوامل فرهنگي، پرسشنامه‌هايي در اختيار 14 نفر از خبرگان و متخصصين استان قرار داده شد كه ميزان تأثير هر يك از عوامل را در تحقق اقتصاد دانش‌بنيان مشخص نمايند. در نهايت براي رتبه‌بندي شاخص‌ها و مؤلفه‌ها از روش [4]AHP، با استفاده از تكنيك مقايسه‌هاي زوجي از نظرات 20 نفر متخصص   اين حوزه استفاده شد. نتايج اين پژوهش حاكي از آن است كه از شاخص‌هاي فرهنگي آموزش رتبه اول را به خود اختصاص داده است. عقلانيت و مهارت تفكر به تربيت در رتبه‌هاي دوم و سوم قرار گرفته‌اند. 1- Knowledge Based Economy 2- Knowledge 3- Culture

باتوجه بهاولويت تأمين غذاي سالم براي جامعه، برطرف ساختن هر نوع محروميت در زمينه تغذيه كهدر سند   چشم­انداز جمهوري اسلامي ايران در افق1404 هجري شمسي، آورده شده است و عبارتند از؛تعهد سياسي و عزم كلي دولت در سياست­گذاري­هاي سطح ملي براي كاهش گرسنگي و سوء تغذيهو دستيابي به امنيت غذايي پايدار اعلام شده است. تجاري­سازيمحصولات پاك (ارگانيك) بخش كشاورزي از اولويت­هاي مهم محسوب مي­شود. هدف پژوهشحاضر طراحي مدلي براي تجاري­سازي محصولات پاك (ارگانيك) بخش كشاورزي استانكرمانشاه بوده است. پژوهش حاضر از   نوعپژوهش­هاي كيفي است با رويكرد نظرية داده بنياد انجام گرفته است. ميدان پژوهش ،اساتيد فعال در زمينه محصولات ارگانيك در دانشكده كشاورزي دانشگاه رازي و همچنينفروشگاه­هاي محصولات ارگانيك سطح شهر و كارشناسان سازمان­هاي مرتبط با موضوع پژوهش(معاونت سلامت غذا سازمان جهاد كشاورزي و انجمن ارگانيك كرمانشاه) بوده­انند. دراين راستا، از نمونه گيري هدفمند در ابندا و در ادامه از روش گلوله برفي استفادهشد. شمار مشاركت­كنندگان در پژئهش با استفاده از شاخص اشباع نظري به 19 نفر رسيد. داده­هابه روش مصاحبه عميق، مشاهده مستقيم و اسناد كتابخانه­اي و اينترني گردآوري شد.نتايج پژوهش نشان­دهندة 27 مقوله اصلي است كه به صورتپارادايمي ترسيم شده است. در هسته مدل پارادايمي توليد و تجاري­سازي محصولاتارگانيك قرار دارد.