Jalil Karimi

Abstract          Social development, as one of the key dimensions of sustainable development, plays an important role in improving the quality of life, social justice, and increasing public participation. In Iran, despite the efforts made in the economic field, many social indicators such as poverty, inequality, unemployment, and weak governance remain challenging. The main objective of this study is to investigate and estimate the effect of selected economic factors on social development in Iran during the period 1382 to 1400. In this regard, the autoregressive distribution lag (ARDL) model has been used to analyze the short-term and long-term relationships between economic variables and the social development index. In this study, social development is defined as a composite index including life expectancy, social capital, and the Gini coefficient, and the independent variables including poverty, employment rate, life expectancy, quality of governance, business environment, and income inequality (Gini coefficient) have been considered.    The results of the ARDL model estimation showed that in the long run, variables such as life expectancy, business environment, quality of governance, and employment rate have a positive and significant effect on social development, while poverty has a negative and significant effect on it. The Gini coefficient also showed a positive effect, contrary to theoretical expectations, which could depend on the method of calculating the composite index and requires cautious interpretation. Short-term results were also observed in a similar direction, but with a different strength of effect. Accordingly, it is suggested that economic policymakers take steps to promote social development in the country by focusing on reducing poverty, improving public health, improving the quality of governance, facilitating the business environment, and increasing job opportunities. It is also recommended to review the indicators for measuring social development and use regional and multidimensional approaches in future studies.   

   ---    This study was conducted with the aim of examining the level of satisfaction among Razi University students regarding their living conditions, the behavior of staff and employees toward students, and their access to educational, cultural, and recreational facilities. Students were asked to express their satisfaction or dissatisfaction with various factors such as dormitories, dining services, >   The theoretical foundations of this research are based on psychological theories (Self-Determination Theory) and sociological theories (Social Support Theory).   The theoretical framework of the study is primarily built upon Self-Determination Theory complemented by Subjective Well-being Theory to understand the cognitive and emotional dimensions of life satisfaction.    This research follows a qualitative approach, and its domain is Razi University. A random sample of 20 students was selected from the university population. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and observation.    The findings revealed that students' opinions about satisfaction or dissatisfaction vary according to individual attitudes in society and within the university.   While students expressed different levels of satisfaction in specific areas, overall results showed that the general level of student life satisfaction among Razi University students in Kermanshah is moderate. Only a few participants reported being completely satisfied with their student life, and most offered various opinions on different aspects.      One of the influential factors in feeling satisfied with life is having a clear purpose and a positive orientation toward life. Moreover, life satisfaction depends on individual circumstances, while social factors play a key role in increasing or decreasing it.   Other determinants such as family financial status, psychological condition, and staff attitudes toward students also contribute to satisfaction or dissatisfaction.    Students’ suggestions included reducing the cost of student living, improving the quality of dining services, ensuring better supervision of staff affairs, and engaging students in university-related work activities.    ---    Keywords: Higher Education, Student Perception, Student Experience, Student Life Satisfaction, Quality of University Life  

   Abstract In contemporary societies where globalization and cultural changes pose serious threats to the preservation of national identity, education, especially in the area of ??cultural diversity, can serve as a key tool to strengthen students' national identity. Teachers play a vital role in reducing social and cultural gaps in the classroom. These gaps, which are rooted in students' economic, cultural, ethnic, and linguistic differences, can lead to educational inequality, reduced motivation, and academic failure. The present study seeks to analyze teachers' experiences of working with culturally diverse students in the city of Urmia. Based on the content analysis of the research, in multicultural societies, cultural, linguistic, and racial discrimination, planned policies, and cultural duality are among the main challenges. However, multicultural societies also have many opportunities to enrich educational processes.Including cultural diversity that increases critical thinking, creativity and collaboration between students and cultural exchange, as well as the use of diverse teaching and assessment methods can help teachers identify and respond to the needs of each student. Despite the teachers’ emphasis on the importance of cultural diversity in various aspects such as building cultural identity, sense of belonging and communication skills, they stated that the Iranian education system, with educational centralism, cultural assimilation and ignoring the identity rights of minorities, implements a monocultural policy or the preservation of the dominant culture. They also linked the consequences of this policy to an identity crisis, an intensification of cultural duality and inhibitory learning. Finally, the teachers mentioned several suggestions such as eliminating political approaches in teaching cultural diversity, institutionalizing cultural responsiveness and ideology-free education to reform the current education system.Keywords: Urmia, focused education, lived experience, cultural diversity

Postcolonial studies provide a critical perspective on Western knowledge about the East and how the East is constructed as the Other of the West. Cinema, as one of the hegemonic tools of power and dominance, and due to its ability to combine and edit images and create subjects while imposing a hegemonic symbolic world through cinematic tools, is one of the effective instruments in constructing the Other and perpetuating dominance. Postcolonial studies offer a new lens for understanding how Others are represented and constructed in cinema. This research, using a postcolonial theoretical framework and a discourse semiotic research method, analyzes the postcolonial aspects of cinematic works from the last four decades by Kurdish and non-Kurdish directors in Iran, focusing on the Kurdish subject as the Other of the dominant Iranian culture and its connection to the political discourses of the past four decades. To achieve the research objectives and questions, 16 films from the population of Kurdish-themed cinematic productions were selected, categorized by the following political discourses: 1) the discourse of the Revolutionary Government (1979-1989), 2) the discourse of the Reconstruction Government (1989-1996), 3) the discourse of the Reform Government (1996-2004), 4) the discourse of the Hope and Prudence Government (2004-2012), and 5) the discourse of the Hope and Prudence Government (2013-2021). The research results indicate that the representation of Kurds and Kurdistan in the first period aligns with the security-military discourse of the Revolutionary and conservative government (1979-1989) concerning the political and military conflicts between the central government and Kurdish opposition parties. The political and social changes and the rise of the Reconstruction Government (1989-1996) continued to influence the representation of the Kurdish subject and Kurdistan, with selected films from this period depicting the Kurdish subject through negative and distorted representations, such as a mercenary and savage figure. The political discourse change and the opening of the political space during the Reform Government (1996-2004) provided an opportunity for Kurdish directors like Bahman Ghobadi to represent Kurds and Kurdistan in their films. During this period, three discourses emerged, including the dominant and governing discourse, the naturalistic discourse, and the discourse of Kurdish directors influenced by the political and social atmosphere of the Reform discourse in representing the Kurdish subject and Kurdistan. With the rise of the Hope Government (2004-2012), the dominant and governing discourse continued to represent and reproduce its hegemonic approach to Kurds and Kurdistan and its Kurdish opposition parties through the lens of sacred defense cinema and military figures, using value-laden terms of violence, hostility towards the people, and dependence on foreigners, reflecting the political changes of the early revolutionary years and the Kurdish movement. In contrast, Kurdish directors' discourse, such as Salim Salavati with the film "The Last Winter," seeks a realistic and anthropological representation of the Kurdish subject and Kurdistan. With the emergence of the Hope and Prudence Government (2013-2021), a discursive shift for the representation of Kurds and Kurdistan as a cultural identity and element in Iran is established, which is reflected in the social and political policies of this discourse.

   Abstract:   The study aims to investigate the motives and mental implications of young girls and women from Sanandaj regarding the category of veil (hijab) and the factors influencing the actions and reactions of young people to implement the changes that have occurred in women's veiling. Understanding the daily lives of individuals and their analysis and interpretation in terms of giving meaning to the transformational phenomenon of veiling are among the necessities of semantic analysis in the study that have been examined. The theory of social constructivism of reality is one of the theoretical foundations of the research to achieve the formed subjectivities and objectivities of the activism of individuals in society. Due to the importance of the present research problem, in order to achieve a sociological analysis of the understanding and experience of young women regarding veiling, using the interpretive phenomenological method and conducting open and pivotal interviews with 15 women, the factors influencing the understanding and lived experience of young people regarding the construction of veiling have been explained within the conceptual framework of grand theory among young women aged 18-24 in Sanandaj. Using purposive sampling, 341 descriptive codes were obtained, and all of these codes were collected and analyzed in the form of a cognitive description of the phenomenon of veiling and its understanding, under 22 interpretive sub-codes. After combining them, 28 interpretive codes and finally 5 explanatory codes were extracted as symbolic factors affecting veiling changes, intergenerational conflicts, the prestige of the private sphere, individualism, veiling valuations, and the culturization of the public sphere.    Keywords: veiling, grounded theory, female youth, Sanandaj      

      The present study aims to investigate the state of development and its obstacles in Lekstan. The theoretical approach of this research is based on the center-periphery approach, in this sense there are areas in the form of mother cities that have a high level of development and around them there are satellite cities that are not developed, to investigate the development status of its obstacles in Lekstan from the ethnographic research method and techniques Observation, interview and document review have been used to collect data. The results of the research indicate that according to the calculations based on the statistical yearbooks, Lakstan is at the level of deprived development in terms of physical, economic, cultural and social indicators. The most important obstacles to development in Lakstan are the settlement of nomads, land reforms and development programs. did Settlement of nomads in Lekstan was a deadly program accompanied by military repression. Ili structures fell apart and the nomadic way of life disappeared. This process caused a lot of material damage. Military interventions and war and flight for more than a decade destroyed the possibility of implementing modernization programs. The second factor was land reform. The dominance of small ownership and the mountainous nature of the region made it impossible to develop agriculture, and agricultural joint stock companies and cooperatives were not established. Capitalist relations and modernization processes such as road construction, educational and health infrastructures were carried out with a delay of several decades compared to other parts of the country and on a limited scale. Industries also did not grow. After the revolution, this situation continued for three decades and a large population migrated from Lekstan to small, medium, large and metropolitan cities. Since the mid-70s, road construction and rural development such as education and health facilities have been done with attention, but still this area does not have the economic potential to attract population and reverse migration.    Keywords: settlement of nomads, land reforms, development plans, development obstacles, migration, Lakestan

  The limitation and scarcity of energy resources and the importance of energy in economic growth and development on the one hand and the impact of markets on economic growth and, consequently, the increase in energy consumption on the other hand, show the importance of studying the factors affecting energy demand and consumption. The development of financial markets deals with energy consumption in a group consisting of 53 developing countries and 47 developed countries. In this regard, using the method of analysis of fundamental factors and data from 2000 to 2022, capital market and banking indices are calculated and using the method of generalized moments (GMM). The stock market is examined in terms of energy demand, analysis and analysis of how different variables affect energy demand can help economic planners in the field of energy consumption management and achieving balanced development goals. In this research, the dynamic relationship between energy demand and stock market development in 53 developing countries and 47 developed countries during The period from 2000 to 2022 is examined using the generalized moments method (GMM), the model used is taken from the Sadroski (2010) article, which is as follows. In this regard, the energy demand (FD) and the stock market development index (P) are considered. The price of fuel (Y) will be a function of income (Energy). In this research, the panel data method will be used.

  In recent decades, attention has been paid to financial and investment issues as one of the controversial topics in the field of economics and financial administration. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the moderating role of financial socialization and lack of self-control on the relationship between financial literacy and saving behavior on investment awareness. The current research method is a descriptive-survey of applied and correlational type. In order to collect the theoretical bases of information regarding the explanation of the literature of the research subject, the library method and documentary studies were used. The tool of data collection in the present study was a questionnaire.The statistical population of this research includes master's and doctoral students in the fields of accounting, management and economics in the western region of the country, the number of the statistical population is unlimited, Morgan's table was used to estimate the sample size, and 385 people were selected as a statistical sample. Also, random sampling method was classification. Also, hypothesis testing has been done using SmartPLS equation structure software. According to the research results, it was found that there is a significant relationship between financial literacy and investment awareness. Also, the research results showed that there is a significant relationship between saving behavior and investment awareness. On the other hand, the hypotheses regarding the effect of financial socialization on the relationship between financial literacy and investment awareness, as well as on the relationship between saving behavior and investment awareness, were not confirmed. Also, lack of self-control does not have a significant effect on the relationship between financial literacy and investment awareness, but lack of self-control has a significant effect on the relationship between saving behavior and investment awareness. These results can help managers and decision-makers in promoting financial awareness and universities and educational centers in providing practical educational and consulting programs

  On the one hand, one of the most important components of the country's upstream documents is productivity, and on the other hand, Iran's vulnerable economic structure to external shocks has increased the need to pay attention to the endogenous production structure that has the greatest effect on economic growth. Therefore, the main goal of the current research is to investigate the relationship between productivity and industry structure using statistical evidence of Iranian provinces for the period of 2010-2019 using the generalized moments approach. The results of estimating the industry structure using the index of the location coefficient show that Tehran province has industrial diversity and Bushehr province has the least industrial diversity, the causality results show that there is a kind of two-way causality between productivity and industrial structure, and based on the generalized moments approach, The productivity of the labor force has had a negative effect on the industrial consolidation, and in such a way that the productivity cannot be spread among the industrial sectors for whatever reason it has been created, also the industrial consolidation has had a negative effect on the productivity of the labor force, which indicates the absence of an endogenous structure. has it. Finally, human capital has caused the reduction of labor productivity and industrial consolidation, and financial development has not been able to create the endogenous structure of the industry. Therefore, focusing on creating an industry structure that is based on regional advantages is the most important proposed policy for this research. Keywords: industrial consolidation, labor productivity, generalized moments

   چكيده اين پژوهش در پي آن بوده كه به بررسي تجارب ساكنان محلة دولت‌آباد از هستي‌شان، و چگونگي روند سكني گزيدن آنان در اين محله بپردازد. رويكرد نظري اين پژوهش مبتني بر آراء مارتين هايدگر، گاستون باشلار و مارك اوژه بوده است. خصلت مشترك در نگاه هر سه متفكر ذكر شده، برداشتي معناگرايانه و غير هندسي از مكان است. رويكرد معنا‌گراي هايدگر براي بيان سكونت كردن، با طرح مفاهيمي همچون حفاظت كردن و مراقبت كردن از زمين، آسمان، خدايان و فانيان تكامل مي‌يابد. همچنين براي اوژه تفاوت مكان با نامكان در خصلت همزيستي و زيست معناگرايانة انسان‌ها با يكديگر است، هر جايي كه خاصيت ايجاد تعامل و رابطه و شكل گيري هويت و تاريخ را داشته باشد مكان است. براي باشلار نيز خانه همان جاييست كه احساس آسودگي و امنيت را فراهم مي‌آورد تا انسان فارغ از حس ناامني، به خيال پردازي مشغول شود. براي پرداختن به اين مسئله از روش پژوهش اتنوگرافي و تكنيك‌هاي مشاهده، مصاحبه، نقشه‌هاي شناختي و بررسي اسناد براي جمع آوري داده‌ها استفاده شده است. در پايان يافته‌هاي پژوهش حكايت از آن دارد كه محلة دولت‌آباد داري ويژگي‌هاي خاص سكونتي و اجتماعي از حيث انسان شناختي است تحليل‌هاي پاياني نشان مي‌دهد كه دولت‌آباد خانه و مكاني براي ساكنانش است. محله‌اي كه تاريخ خودش را دارد و محلي براي آسودگي ساكنانش بوده. آنچه كه اين امر را محقق كرده، عوامل مهمي همچون خويشاوندي و هم‌كيشي ساكنان، بازار و مسجد و مراقبت آنان از خويش، اقليت قومي و هويتشان بوده است. كليد واژه‌ها: احساس در خانه بودن، تعلق، دولت‌آباد، سكونت كردن، مكان‌بودگي.  

   Abstract    The purpose of this research is the role of women in family economic decisions It was in West Islamabad city. The statistical population included all married women who The sample size was selected using Cochran's formula of 377 people. In this research, a questionnaire was used to collect information. By using    software, Pearson correlation coefficient and Kruskal-Wallis test were used to analyze the hypotheses. The results of Pearson's correlation coefficient showed that the economic decision-making rate of women was the highest in individual characteristics (income) and the lowest in individual characteristics (age). Also, according to the Kruskal-Wallis test, it was determined that the dimensions of education of women with postgraduate and doctorate education, job (studying), socio-economic base dimension (very high status), economic level dimension (very high status) have the highest The role of women was in the economic decision-making of the family.    Key words: women, economic decisions, family, West Islamabad         

Critical discourse is an interdisciplinary study method that can be used in the critique of literary novels and in the political and social fields. Norman Fairclough is one of the leading theorists of critical discourse who interpreted texts by elevating text analysis from descriptive to explanatory and by incorporating the components of ideology, power, and history. His approach was later considered and used to reveal the underlying layers in works of art and literature. The present study intends to re-read Bakhtiar Ali's novels at three levels of description, explanation and interpretation, using a descriptive-analytical method and relying on the critical analysis approach of Norman Fairclough. Preliminary findings of the research from the perspective of critical discourse indicate that at the level of description, Bakhtiar Ali's novels narrate the story non-linearly, the time sequence is not observed; Rather, the past, present and future are intertwined and make the reader find it difficult to understand time. In addition, the language of text description of Bakhtiar Ali's stories moves in a conversational manner. The sentences are narrated with a simple and fluent expression in a tangible and real relationship in the news aspect. At the level of explanation and interpretation, it should be noted that the main axis of Bakhtiar Ali's novels is the political and social relations in Iraqi Kurdistan, which are manifested in different types of Jamshid Khan, Parvaneh, Serias Sobhgahi, Khalid Amun and other characters of the novels. Each of these types of Bakhtiar Ali's novels recounts the collective and individual sufferings of the people of Iraqi Kurdistan; Examples include war, regional violence, identity problems, political and economic crises, individual human conflicts, and the problems of traditions and nationalist issues; The narrative of Bakhtiar Ali's novels is based on the connections, political discourses, and history of the social fabric of Iraqi Kurdistan.  

   Most women and women have been the subject of abuse and humiliation. Women rejected by the community are irresponsible and rejected; they are the most marginalized in society and rarely give them the opportunity to talk and talk about themselves and their experiences of life. Is. These women are from groups that are highly at risk for AIDS and addiction, and to some extent they can be prevalent. The present study intends to investigate the issue of tenure, family structure and patterns of parental relations based on the experience of women in the sale of women in Kermanshah. The methodology of phenomenology and the technique of deep interviewing and observation are purposefully and Snowball analyzes the story of 18 women selling. Participants were selected among women selling women in Kermanshah. The interviews were conducted individually with each participant in order to extract narratives from their experiences. Background and Aim: The phenomenon of street prostitution has emerged as an issue and a social problem in Iranian society. Theorists believe that the family plays an important role as one of the main factors influencing the age of the onset of prostitution. The purpose of this study was to determine the family factors affecting the age of the onset of street prophylaxis in Kermanshah. Findings: The mean age of the onset of prostitution was about 19 years old, with the first illegitimate sexual experience, which has had important effects on their tendency toward the profession. Family influences on the age of onset of street prosecutors include: religious commitment of parents, parental education, the existence of family morality, affection and affection, and the preservation of independence, a source of peace and security in the family, and so on. However, the objective and exterior aspects of the family, such as occupation and economic status and coverage style, etc., have not been effective on the age of the onset of family prostitution. Therefore, the cultural aspects and identity of the family on its objective dimensions have a significant effect on the age of the onset of prostitution. In this research, three main themes of the data have been extracted: the women's experience of sales of women, the study of their family structure and the pattern of parental relationships patterns (parenting patterns).

  Review:  The present study investigates the relationship between social capital and social inequality in Sanandaj city. The basic hypothesis of the present study is that social capital in the Sanandaj city is the dominant type of social capital that emanates from the existing social-cultural conditions in Sanandaj, thus shaping a particular type of social relations. Suggests that these relations in turn have a determinant role in the emergence of socioeconomic inequality in the studied society. In general, folk and even theoretical perspectives emphasize the positive aspects of intra-group social capital, but in this research, it has been tried, in light of the empirical findings that have been gathered in the field, the views Theoretically, we will examine the various scholars who have identified the positive and negative aspects and consequences of intra-group social capital. In this way, a framework is drawn up that illustrates the social outcomes of social capital capital within the community. I  ired by Durkheims view, intra-group social capital and the resulting social relations represent the type and structure of society, the division of societies into mechanical and organic societies. This study was carried out using qualitative method and field interview technique in Sanandaj using theoretical and objective sampling in the first half of 1396.

  Abstract       The aim of this study was to determine the relationship risk power and   attitude toward infidelity relations with commitment and marital trust married in women of   Kermanshah city. In this study that was correlation analysis, 350 person of married women of   Kermanshah city were selected with multi-stage cluster sampling method and completed questionnaire of Yourself risk power,Whatley attitude toward infidelity relations,Adams and Jones marital commitment,Rampel and Holmes trust scale.Data were analyzed by pearsonian correlation and stepwise regression.The results of this study showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between risk power with commitment, positive and significant relationship between risk power with trust,negative and significant relationship between attitude toward infidelity relations with commitment and negative and significant relationship between attitude toward infidelity relations with trust.The results of regression analysis showed that risk power and attitudes toward infidelity relations forgiveness altogether have the ability to explain 29% of commitment and that risk power and attitudes toward infidelity relations forgiveness altogether have the ability to explain 32% of trust.  Key words:   Risk power,attitude toward infidelity relations,commitment,marital trust  

  Review  The question of identity can be posed in the context of new theoretical discourse as a space. Identity can be Vrd.az Dstavrdgftman into account all the facts in this perspective, discourses are formed, so the identities are rooted in the discourse. Find uniqueness of this approach on how to organize production and a discursive practice focuses on shaping and defining identities. Discussion on the construction of three phenomena, social identity, social relationships and the meaning of knowledge and thus helps the functioning of the discourse of identity, relationships, and thought the main purpose of this research is the study of the discursive construction of identity in the Persian books (to read) and primary school Bashd.mtvn learning resources which can be used as a narrative identities are considered. Because identity is always some sort of representation of a narrative is and always has been and always within the framework of discourse construction Shvndvdr systems are represented. and its dominant influence over your audience so that your goals are achieved. The method used in this study is a qualitative methodology and methods of discourse analysis as a research procedure has been used. We performed this study to analyze texts and documents related to the interpretation and analysis of data Our research data from sources Prdakhtym.dr Vasnadvmdark (Persian textbooks for elementary) obtained. Arrangements and the steps that will help them to interpret and organize the data we use include conceptualization, concept-building, coding, and Ya  t relevance of the categories using the categories Vmqvlh processing. What was considered in the final analysis, the central signifiers shifting daily, the floating slab and the articulation Bashndkh conceptual tools and methods of discourse analysis to evaluate the style of the theoretical framework of this study is Lklayv Vmvfh Ast.nzryh results of discourse analysis literature investigation shows that the construction of identity in this book are: language, culture and Persian literature, Islam, Islamic Revolution, modernity, national history, environment, civility, family, personal and social ethics, character, and religious Iranian warriors health. it is creating a special normative patterns that affected other Hvythaaz discourses and identities. But . The essence of the subjects identity through identification with something outside itself acquires and knows himself as a person.Key words: identity construction, articulation, books for elementary Persian, Laclau Vmvfh, racing rims and highlighting