مختار نوري

  The Ukraine crisis in 2022, by creating a strategic rupture in energy relations, transformed the architecture of European energy security and made the issue of diversifying sources and routes of oil and gas imports a central priority of European Union policymaking. In this context, Iraq, as one of the largest holders of hydrocarbon reserves, is in a position to redefine its role in the emerging European geopolitical order; however, the realization of this capacity faces multilayered structural and competitive constraints. The central issue of the present research is what consequences and requirements the geopolitical developments resulting from the Ukraine crisis have created for Iraq's energy diplomacy and the country's role in the competition for oil and gas tra  ort routes to the European market. This research was conducted with a qualitative approach and descriptive-analytical method and uses a combination of the frameworks of "energy geopolitics", "rival actor theory", "energy security" and "geopolitical realism" to explain the problem. The data were extracted in a library-documentary manner and through systematic collection of official reports of international institutions, reliable energy statistics, Iraqi and European policy documents and specialized analyses and processed based on content analysis and geopolitical analysis of the actors. The findings show that the Ukrainian crisis has created a paradoxical situation for Iraq: on the one hand, unprecedented opportunities have been provided to enhance Iraq's role as a strategic energy partner for Europe, and on the other hand, geopolitical competition between actors such as Turkey and Iran over transit corridors has intensified. At the same time, weak energy governance, Baghdad-Erbil disputes, insecurity of routes, and slow development of transit infrastructure have limited the possibility of transforming Iraq into a sustainable and reliable energy corridor. The research conclusion emphasizes that redefining Iraq's energy diplomacy in the new European order is not a political choice, but a strategic necessity to strengthen the country's national security and economic development. The innovation of the research lies in providing an integrated analysis of the triple nexus of the "Ukrainian crisis", "competition over energy transit routes", and "the transformation of Iraq's energy diplomacy" and explaining its consequences for the future of Iraq's role in European energy corridors.

  Technological developments have always played a decisive role in changing the nature of war and the evolution of military doctrines, but the emergence and maturity of artificial intelligence in recent decades has elevated this trend from the level of gradual changes to a paradigmatic level. Artificial intelligence, as a doctrine-making technology, has penetrated command and control systems, military decision-making, electronic and cyber warfare, space and satellite systems, and autonomous smart weapons, fundamentally transforming the logic of human-centered wars and classic models of deterrence. Hence, theoretical and strategic rethinking of military doctrines and the paradigm of future wars has become an analytical necessity

AbstractThisdissertation analyzes the historical context surrounding the formation ofIslamic secularism in the thought of Ali Abdel Raziq, examining his seminalwork, Al-Islam wa Usul al-Hukm (Islam and the Foundations of Governance, 1925),through the framework of Quentin Skinner's intentionalist hermeneutics. Thisstudy investigates the influence of the fourfold contextual factors of 1920sEgypt on the development of secularism in Ali Abdel Raziq's thought. The principalhypothesis posits that a comprehensive examination of the intertwined set ofconditions and problems of Abdel Raziq's era, as an objective and pre-existingreality, is an essential prerequisite to the analysis of his secularist views.  Employinga qualitative-historical-interpretive methodology and Quentin Skinner'sintentionalist hermeneutics, this research analyzes four primary dimensions ofthe crisis in 1920s Egypt: the crisis of political legitimacy following theabolition of the Ottoman Caliphate, the complex domestic political situation,socio-economic transformations, and the cultural revolution.  Thefindings confirm the main hypothesis and three sub-hypotheses. It wasdetermined that Abdel Raziq, by utilizing authentic Islamic sources—the Qur'an,Hadith, and the history of early Islam—and an interpretive methodology,effectively refuted the traditional "consensus" (ijm??) on thenecessity of religious government. His dual educational background at Al-Azharand Oxford, combined with his judicial experience, was instrumental in shapinghis innovative approach.  Thisresearch offers a new understanding of the emergence of secularism within thediscourse of modern Islamic thought, demonstrating the decisive role ofhistorical context in the formation of innovative ideas. Abdel Raziq's adoptionof secularism is shown to be an indigenous response to the profound crises of1920s Egypt..  

   Adolescents, considering that they are the future builders of society and on the other hand, because they are at a sensitive age biologically, require more attention than ever. Considering the increase in non-suicidal self-injury behaviors among adolescents, which sometimes lead to serious physical injuries; studying and researching the causes of these behaviors, predictive factors, correlated factors, and treatment of these behaviors is of great importance. In this regard, the aim of the present study is to investigate the relationship between parenting styles and spontaneous thoughts with non-suicidal self-injury behaviors in adolescents in Kermanshah city through the mediation of emotion regulation. This study is quantitative and, given its purpose, is 0.035 and p < 0.05) and non-suicidal self-injurious behavior (r = 0.048 and p < 0.05). In the variable of parenting style, the schemas (abandonment, failure, vulnerability, undeveloped self (trapped), emotional inhibition, strict criteria, deficiency/shame, negativity, dependency, distrust, and punishment) are directly related to difficulty in emotion regulation (r > 0 and p < 0.05). In the parenting style variable; schemas (emotional deprivation, obedience, sacrifice, entitlement, acceptance seeking and self-control) have an inverse relationship with difficulty in regulating emotions (r < 0 and p < 0.05). Also, schemas (schemas of abandonment, failure, vulnerability, undeveloped self (trapped), obedience, emotional inhibition, strict criteria, negativity, dependence, distrust and punishment) have a direct relationship with the variable of non-suicidal self-injurious behavior (r > 0 and p < 0.05). And schemas (emotional deprivation, deficiency/shame, sacrifice, entitlement, acceptance seeking and self-control) have a direct relationship with the variable of non-suicidal self-injurious behavior (r < 0 and p < 0.05). However, the schemas of the parenting style variable do not have a correlation with the variable of negative self-destructive thoughts. Based on the findings of the present study, attention to emotion regulation skills and negative automatic thoughts, as well as considering parenting styles, can play an important role in reducing non-suicidal self-injurious behaviors in adolescents. The conceptual model of the study had a good fit.