Parisa Yasemi Nezhad

  AbstractIn recent years, the use of social media among adolescents has increased significantly. Although internet and social media use offer various advantages for different age groups such as unrestricted access to information across time and place there is growing concern regarding their addictive and harmful use, especially among adolescents. Therefore, studying the predictors and correlates of addictive behaviors in social media use is of great importance. Accordingly, the present study aimed to investigate the mediating role of self-control and problem-solving in the relationship between childhood trauma and social media addiction among in Female High School Students.. This study employed a quantitative approach and, based on its purpose, is 20px;">lower-secondary students in the city of Nurabad, located in Lorestan Province, during the academic year (2025–2026). The sample included 550 students selected through multi-stage cluster sampling, based on recommendations from the G*Power 3.1.9.2 software.The instruments used in this study included the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (Bernstein et al., 2003), the Self-Control Scale (Tangney et al., 2004), the Social Problem-Solving Inventory (D’Zurilla et al., 2002), and the Social Media Addiction Scale (?ahin, 2018). Data were analyzed using    version 27 and SmartPLS version 4. The results indicated significant relationships between childhood trauma and social media addiction (P=0.037; t=2.094; ?=0.211), childhood trauma and self-control (P<0.001; t=8.287; ?=?0.381), childhood trauma and problem-solving (P<0.001; t=7.111; ?=?0.537), and problem-solving and social media addiction (P=0.033; t=2.134; ?=0.357). However, the relationship between self-control and social media addiction was not significant (P=0.227; t=1.121; ?=?0.141). The findings suggest a moderate relationship between childhood trauma and social media addiction in female students in lower secondary school. A substantial portion approximately 36% of the variance in students’ social media addiction levels can be attributed to childhood trauma, self-control, and problem-solving. The conceptual model demonstrated good fit, and the variables of self-control and problem-solving played partial and full mediating roles, respectively, in the relationship between childhood trauma and social media addiction. The findings indicate that therapeutic and educational interventions focusing on strengthening executive functions, such as self-control and problem-solving, are essential for the prevention and/or reduction of social media addiction.Keywords: Childhood Trauma, Social Media Addiction, Self-Control, Problem-Solving, Female High School Students.

   Abstract The present study aimed to investigate the mediating role of academic self-efficacy and future time perspective in the relationship between cognitive control and academic grit among college students. Based on a post-positivist paradigm, a quantitative approach was employed within the framework of a correlational design using structural equation modeling. From the students of universities in Kermanshah city during the academic year 2023-2024, 600 participants were selected using a convenience sampling method. The Behavioral Rating Inventory of Executive Function – Adult Version (BRIEF-A; Roth et al., 2005), the Future Time Perspective Scale (FT   Brothers et al., 2014), the Academic Self-Efficacy Scale (McIlroy et al., 2000), and the Short Academic Grit Scale (Duckworth & Quinn, 2009) were used to collect data. The findings were analyzed using structural equation modeling with   27 and SmartPLS 4 software’s. Results indicated that the research model had a good fit with the data, and the validity and reliability indicators of the measurement model met the necessary standards for structural equation modeling. Additionally, the results obtained from Structural model indicated a direct and significant relationship between inhibitory control and academic grit (? = 0.188, t = 3.194, p < 0.001), working memory and academic grit (? = 0.231, t = 4.120, p < 0.001), inhibitory control and academic self-efficacy (? = 0.272, t = 4.914, p < 0.001), cognitive flexibility and academic self-efficacy (? = 0.272, t = 4.497, p < 0.001), working memory and academic self-efficacy (? = 0.329, t = 6.267, p < 0.001, inhibitory control and future time perspective (? = 0.381, t = 7.241, p < 0.001), cognitive flexibility and future time perspective (? = 0.561, t =2.687, p < 0.001), working memory and future time perspective   (?= 0.342, t = 7.004, p = 0.001), future time perspective and academic grit (?= 0.200, t = 3.912, p < 0.001) and academic self-efficacy and academic grit (?= 0.201, t = 3.755, p < 0.001). It is noteworthy that no significant relationship was reported between cognitive flexibility and academic grit (?= 0.082, t = 1.365, p = 0.173). Overall, the results suggest that part of the indirect effect of cognitive flexibility, inhibition, and working memory on academic grit among college students can be predicted and explained through the level of academic self-efficacy and future time perspective. Furthermore, the results indicated that the variables of the conceptual model of the present study collectively explain 61% of the variance in academic grit among students.    Keywords: Cognitive Flexibility, Inhibitory control, Working Memory, Academic Self-efficacy, Future Time Perspective, Academic Grit, college students, Structural Equation Modeling.   

   The present study aimed to identify factors affecting the career maturity of female art school students in Ravansar city.    The present research method is quantitative and qualitative and is conducted with a phenomenological approach. Phenomenology specifically, using its philosophical assumptions, is the study and investigation of the world or the experienced life of people. The statistical population of the research included all 12th grade students of Umm al-Baneen Vocational Technical College in Ravansar city in the academic year 2025.    The sampling method in this study was purposive sampling. Given that the present study is a quantitative-qualitative study, interviews were used in the qualitative part to collect data, and in the quantitative part, the Career Maturity Index (CMI - Form C) questionnaire was used, and the interview method was semi-structured. The interviews reached saturation with 12 students, so that no new information was obtained in the last two. The descriptive method of Claise was used to analyze the findings.    After the interviews were completed, the data were reviewed and coded, and ultimately, 99 conceptual codes and 15 subcategories were obtained from all interviews, which were separately categorized and identified in 4 categories (including family factors, school-related factors, individual factors, and sociocultural factors).    In general, the results of the study showed that family support, individual talent and ability, favorable school conditions, and the presence of appropriate facilities provide the necessary background for the student to take steps on the path of career growth and succeed. Therefore, paying attention to these components in counseling before choosing a major and during education seems necessary and essential.    Keywords: Career maturity, female students      

  Abstract Objective: The present study was conducted with the aim of determining the antecedents and consequences of bullying in adolescent female students in Kermanshah. Research Method: The present study was conducted in a mixed (quantitative-qualitative) and phenomenological approach. The statistical population included all adolescent female students who bullied in the academic year 1403-1404 living in Kermanshah. Sampling in the present study was purposeful, in that random cluster sampling was used in the quantitative part and purposeful sampling was used in the qualitative part. The data collection tool in the quantitative part was the Elwes Bullying Questionnaire (1986) and in the qualitative part was a semi-structured interview. After identifying the samples by questionnaire, the samples were interviewed and the data reached saturation with 12 people, meaning that no new information was extracted in the last two interviews. The Claise analysis method was used to analyze the data. Findings: After the interview, the data were reviewed and coded in three stages of open, axial, and selective coding. Finally, 101 open codes were obtained from the entire interview regarding the analysis of the antecedents and consequences of bullying in adolescent female students. These were categorized and identified in separate categories in the form of 28 axial codes (15 axial codes for the antecedent section and 13 axial codes for the consequence section). A total of 8 selective codes were extracted. In the antecedent section, 4 selective codes were 20px;"> Conclusion: In general, the results of the study showed that various factors, including family problems, abusive and violent parental care, social, economic, and environmental factors, have been identified as effective antecedents in the occurrence of bullying. Bullying can also affect the dimensions of adolescents' lives in various ways and cause various consequences, including psychological and physical consequences, weakness in interpersonal and social relationships, and academic and disciplinary consequences in the lives of adolescents. Therefore, attention to these components is necessary, and it shows the greater need for social and psychological skills training in schools, and it is suggested that prevention and intervention programs be designed and implemented to deal with this social problem. Keywords: Analysis of antecedents and consequences, bullying, adolescent female students

  tudents, as one of the most important human capitals, play a fundamental role in the progress and development of countries. In this regard, having psychological well-being is one of the factors that can be effective in walking the path of students' development. Therefore, considering the importance of this component, this study aimed to investigate the explanation of the psychological well-being communication model based on emotional intelligence and self-efficacy with the mediation of humor in sixth grade students in Khorramabad. The research method is descriptive-correlation of the structural modeling type. The statistical population of this study is all sixth grade students in Khorramabad studying in 1402-1403. The sample size was determined by cluster random sampling method to be 360 ??people. The instruments used in this study were the Riff Psychological Well-Being Questionnaire (1989), the Khashooi et al. Humor Questionnaire (2009), the Schott Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire (1998), and the Morris Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (2001). The research data were analyzed at two descriptive and inferential levels using    and Amos Graphic software. The results showed that emotional intelligence and psychological well-being had a positive and significant relationship (P ? 0.05), self-efficacy had a positive and significant relationship with psychological well-being (P ? 0.01), humor and psychological well-being had a positive and significant relationship (P ? 0.01), emotional intelligence had a positive and significant relationship with psychological well-being mediated by humor (P ? 0.01), and self-efficacy had a positive and significant relationship with psychological well-being mediated by humor (P ? 0.01). In examining the predictive effect of independent variables (emotional intelligence and self-efficacy) on the dependent variable (psychological well-being) with the mediation of the humor variable, the results showed that the emotional intelligence variable could explain 28 percent of the variance in the scores of students' psychological well-being. Also, the self-efficacy variable can explain 26% of the variance scores of psychological well-being. The results also show that the coefficient of determination of the path of emotional intelligence and psychological self-efficacy without the mediation of humor is 19% and 21%, respectively, which indicates a lower effect of independent variables on the dependent variable, without the intervention of the mediating variable.

   Abstract Sleep disorders in children mean a decrease or an increase in sleep in proportion to age, abnormal types of sleep, abnormal behaviors or the occurrence of unusual events during sleep and lead to physical, cognitive and behavioral problems. In this regard, it is necessary to have comprehensive tools to identify these disorders. The present study is a description of a survey type that was conducted with the aim of building and standardizing the scale of sleep problems in children. The statistical population of the research included all children and families of children between the ages of 5 and 13 in Kermanshah city in the second half of 1403. In this research, multi-stage cluster random sampling method was used. A 35-item questionnaire was administered to a group of 350 children. And finally, analysis was done for 302 people with    version 21 and PLS version 3 software. The reliability of the questionnaire was done in the form of Cronbach's alpha, composition and internal consistency for all components and the rate was 0.92. Considering the significance of Bartlett's sphericity test (0.001) and KMO value equal to 0.834, exploratory factor analysis was performed. The result of factor analysis through varimax rotation showed 11 factors. After conducting exploratory factor analysis, first and second order confirmatory factor analysis, 11 components (low sleep hygiene, insomnia, sleepiness, circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders, nightmares, arousal disorders in NREM sleep, narcolepsy and sleep paralysis, disorders related to breathing, vocal/motor behavior disorder in REM sleep, restless legs syndrome, sleep problems) were extracted. The convergent and divergent validity of the questionnaire was also confirmed. The test-retest reliability of the questionnaire was checked and the results showed a high test-retest reliability (0.94). To calculate the concurrent validity, the Children's Sleep Disorder Assessment Questionnaire (BEARS) and the Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ) were used, and also to calculate the predictive validity, the Rater Children's Behavioral Problems Questionnaire (Parent Form) was used. The results show concurrent validity and adequate predictors. On the other hand, it was determined through the independent t-test that there is no significant difference between the average scores of male and female children in the total score. Soft table and suitable norm for the questionnaire was done. Also, the cut point for each component is obtained. Psychologists and counselors, educational centers and kindergartens, parent and child counseling centers, research centers and universities can benefit from the results of this research. Keywords: construction, normalization, sleep problems, children

   Adolescents, considering that they are the future builders of society and on the other hand, because they are at a sensitive age biologically, require more attention than ever. Considering the increase in non-suicidal self-injury behaviors among adolescents, which sometimes lead to serious physical injuries; studying and researching the causes of these behaviors, predictive factors, correlated factors, and treatment of these behaviors is of great importance. In this regard, the aim of the present study is to investigate the relationship between parenting styles and spontaneous thoughts with non-suicidal self-injury behaviors in adolescents in Kermanshah city through the mediation of emotion regulation. This study is quantitative and, given its purpose, is 0.035 and p < 0.05) and non-suicidal self-injurious behavior (r = 0.048 and p < 0.05). In the variable of parenting style, the schemas (abandonment, failure, vulnerability, undeveloped self (trapped), emotional inhibition, strict criteria, deficiency/shame, negativity, dependency, distrust, and punishment) are directly related to difficulty in emotion regulation (r > 0 and p < 0.05). In the parenting style variable; schemas (emotional deprivation, obedience, sacrifice, entitlement, acceptance seeking and self-control) have an inverse relationship with difficulty in regulating emotions (r < 0 and p < 0.05). Also, schemas (schemas of abandonment, failure, vulnerability, undeveloped self (trapped), obedience, emotional inhibition, strict criteria, negativity, dependence, distrust and punishment) have a direct relationship with the variable of non-suicidal self-injurious behavior (r > 0 and p < 0.05). And schemas (emotional deprivation, deficiency/shame, sacrifice, entitlement, acceptance seeking and self-control) have a direct relationship with the variable of non-suicidal self-injurious behavior (r < 0 and p < 0.05). However, the schemas of the parenting style variable do not have a correlation with the variable of negative self-destructive thoughts. Based on the findings of the present study, attention to emotion regulation skills and negative automatic thoughts, as well as considering parenting styles, can play an important role in reducing non-suicidal self-injurious behaviors in adolescents. The conceptual model of the study had a good fit.

  The formation of the international system after the Second World War led to the drawing of the structures of this system by the conquering powers after the war. After the Cold War, various countries entered the arena of the international system. After independence and freedom from colonialism, India tried to adopt the path of growth and progress. India, as one of the countries that is called as an emerging power in the present era, has a lot of potential in various fields to enter the world's top powers, this country uses new and different methods in its foreign policy and relations. It is balancing its relations with other governments and securing its national interests (national power). The main goal of this research is the strategic model that governs India's international activism and the recognition of its goals. Accordingly, the main question of this research is proposed as follows: What is the strategic goal of India's international activism? In response to this question, the hypothesis is proposed that; The strategic goals of India's international activism in the context of categories such as soft management of international crises, soft and balanced foreign policy and the introduction of political and normative values ??as well as following international rules have been able to create national power from the frameworks of international activism. In this research, an attempt has been made to use the descriptive analytical method of data processing by using library resources. Keywords: India, international relations, strategic goals, foreign policy, soft power

  ديابت يك بيماري مزمن و خطرناك است كه به رفتارهاي خودمراقبتي خاص تا پايان عمر نياز دارد و نياز بيماران ديابتي تنها به كنترل قند خون محدود نمي شود، بلكه پيشگيري از عوارض و توانبخشي جسمي و رواني نيز ضروري است. عوامل روانشناختي متعددي مانند خودپنداره و خود مديريتي وجود دارد كه با اين بيماري در ارتباط است. لذا اين پژوهش با هدف آزمون مدل ارتباط خودمراقبتي مبتني بر خود مديريتي و خودپنداره از طريق تنظيم هيجان در بيماران ديابتي انجام شده است. روش پژوهش حاضر همبستگي از نوع مدلسازي معادلات ساختاري بود كه جامعه آماري شامل كليه بيماران ديابتي مراجعه كننده به كلينك غدد تهران در سال1403 مي باشد كه از بين آنها 250 نفر به روش نمونه گيري در دسترس انتخاب و از آنها خواسته شد به پرسشنامه هاي خودمراقبتي ، تنظيم هيجان، خود مديريتي، خودپنداره و ديابت پاسخ دهند. براي تجزيه و تحليل داده ها از آمار توصيفي و استنباطي استفاده شده است. ضريب همبستگي پيرسون و تحليل رگرسيون سلسله مراتبي با استفاده از نرم افزار و AMoSS-24,   -28 انجام شده است. نتايج نشان داد كه خودمراقبتي بيماران ديابتي بر اساسخودمديريتي و خودپنداره با ميانجي گري تنظيم هيجان پيش بيني مي شود. از نظر آماري و در سطح اطمينان حداقل 95 درصد تاثير خودمديريتي بر خودمراقبتي تاييد شد (05/0>p). جهت تاثير مثبت بود و بيانگر اين بود كه افزايش خودمديريتي با افزايش خودمراقبتي همراه است. تاثير خودپنداره نيز بر خودمراقبتي تاييد شد (05/0>p). نقش ميانجي گر راهبرد ارزيابي مجدد در رابطه بين خودمديريتي و خودمراقبتي تاييد شد (05/0>p). همچنين يافته ها نشان داد نقش ميانجي گري بازداري تاييد نشده است و با توجه به سطح معني داري كه برابر با 186/0 بود مي توان نتيجه گرفت كه راهبرد بازداري نقش ميانجي گر در رابطه بين خودمديريتي و خودمراقبتي نداشت (05/0<p). همچنين راهبردهاي ارزيابي مجدد و بازداري نقش ميانجي گري معني داري ندارند و نتوانسته اند بين خودپنداره و خودمراقبتي نقش واسطه گري خود را به طور معني داري ايفا كند (05/0<p). سطح معني داري نقش ميانجي گر ارزيابي مجدد برابر با 351/0 و سطح معني داري بازداري برابر با 280/0 بود كه اين مقادير بيشتر از 05/0 بود و نشان از رد نقش ميانجي داشت.

   Addiction is a complex and pervasive issue that affects millions of people around the world every year. Addiction is a phenomenon that leads It becomes a significant personal and social cost and has involved the world community. Therefore, the main purpose of the present study is to test the model The hypothesis of predicting addiction tendency based on pathological personality traits and attachment styles with the mediating role of emotion regulation strategies. was This research is considered as a fundamental research in terms of its purpose and in terms of method it is a correlational research which is It is implemented periodically and its fundamental and main goal is to increase the scope of knowledge and awareness. The statistical population includes all clients with a history Addiction to addiction treatment clinics in Durood city in 1402-1403.Also, since the minimum sample volume required in Studies related to the structural equation modeling approach should be between 200 and 400 people (Klein, 2010); Therefore, the entire selection sample In this research, according to Klein's protocol (2010) and taking into account the possibility of sample dropout or failure to respond correctly to the questionnaires, 300 people are estimated; among the addicts with a history of addiction to the addiction treatment clinic in Durood using the available sampling method will be selected.The tools for collecting information are the personality inventory (PID-5), difficulty in emotion regulation scale (DERS); Scale Hazen and Shaver (AAI) Adult Attachment and Zargar Addiction Tendency Questionnaire. In this research, structural equation model or structural covariance model will be used to investigate the causal relationship between the research variables. to analyze AMOS and    software are used for data and tests

  Intentio praesentis studii erat ut consilia parietum abusorum eleifend cum bene esse psychologica, sub velamine saluti centers , determinaret. Haec investigatio de genere describit et secundum Fundamental propositum et secundum methodum collectionis notitiarum mixta methodus adhibita est. In parte quantitatis Riff rogationum psychologicarum bene esse (18-quaestionum formarum) ad aestimandam psychologicam bonam indolem abusorum eleifend et in qualitativa parte colloquii profundissimi ad recognoscendas parietum consilia abusorum eleifend quae habent score altior quam vexillum digredior. Plebs statistica huius investigationis abusa est eleifend a centris salutiferae urbis Kermanshah anno 1402 obtectus. Ad hanc investigationem perficiendam, Civitas salutiferae Department of Kermanshah licentiam 4 centra accedendi dedit. In prima investigationis periodo, methodus sampling electus est secundum methodum Praesto. Hoc modo specimen 60 annorum 11 ad 20 abusus eleifend ex his centris primum investigationis ingressus est et perfecit 18 quaestionem brevem psychologicam interrogationis formam. Deinde in secunda periodo investigationis, in medio eleifend quae habent score altior quam vexillum digredior , 11 homines delecti sunt per methodum purposivam et colloquia altissimam cum illis deducebantur. In ultimis duobus colloquiis nulla nova notitia impetrata est et pervenit notitia ad satietatem. Perspecta notitia ex investigatione et coding notitia in tribus gradibus codingis, apertae et selectivae, summa viginti notionum habiti sunt in relatione parietum strategies abusorum eleifend, quae in 11 categorias in genere sunt, et tandem parietum strategies Ablative eleifend in 3 areas: altiore singulorum parietum strategies (propositum occasum, continentiam, cupiditatem academicam, actiones otiosas, problema solvendum, clamantem, abeundi stimulis molestissimis, purgandis et dormientibus) strategies interpersonalium parietum (loqui cum amicis , sociales cum propinquis et speciali auxilio adiuti ) et consilia religiosa parietum (Qur'an orare et invocare, orationes legere, gratias agere, patienter esse) indicabantur. Eventus investigationis ostendit usum opportunis parietum strategiis perturbatis eleifend posse illis bonam bene esse psychologicam efficere.

  The Shanghai Cooperation Organization is a regional and international organization with many capabilities and potentials, and Iran's membership in it is considered an important advantage in foreign policy. But in recent years, with the nuclear conflict and being on the FATF blacklist becoming the main issue of Iran's foreign policy, this issue has affected the national advantage and interests of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Therefore, it is important to address the issue that the mere membership in a regional organization as long as it is affected by security issues and other international powers cannot be considered as an expression of benefiting from all the benefits of membership. Therefore, the main question that makes the current research strategic is what effect do the nuclear case and the special financial action group have on Iran-Shanghai relations? The hypothesis that is designed and evaluated using the combination of historical analytical-descriptive method is that; It seems that under various regional and international conditions and factors, Iran has tended towards Shanghai in order to benefit from geopolitical, geostrategic and geoeconomic interests. However, benefiting from the benefits of membership for Iran in Shanghai, affected by the nuclear conflict, the special financial action group, and in other words, it faces a kind of limitation created by the institution-based order. Therefore, the purpose of the present study; Analyzing the consequences of the nuclear case and the special financial action group on Iran-Shanghai relations is within the framework of neoliberal institutionalism.

  Abstract: The purpose of the research: The purpose of the present research was to investigate the status of Razi University in the Times ranking system in order to provide solutions for the promotion of this university. Research method: This research was conducted using content analysis and survey methods; The present research community in the qualitative part of the research includes the trustees of Razi University, the board of directors of the university, including the general managers, all the vices of Razi University (research and technology vice, educational vice, administrative, financial and resource management vice, student vice and Vice-Chancellor of Cultural and Social Affairs) and members of the academic staff of the university, including top and so-called silent researchers, who interviewed 20 of them. In the quantitative part, the statistical population consisted of 467 faculty members of Razi University, from among whom a sample of 375 was selected by stratified random sampling. The data were extracted and analyzed in the qualitative section through semi-structured interviews and in the quantitative section by means of a researcher-made questionnaire (including 60 questions) and based on SWAT matrix analysis. Validity and reliability of the collection tool have been calculated and confirmed in both qualitative and quantitative sections. Research findings: According to the findings obtained from the analysis and coding of the interviews, regarding the current status of the university in the Times ranking system, this is how the university seems to be in a favorable position in this ranking system. does not have Regarding the findings The results obtained from the SWAT matrix analysis showed that the opportunities of the university with a total weighted score of 1.585, the strengths of the university with a total weighted score of 1.257, the weaknesses of the university with a total weighted score of 0.97, and the threats of the university with a total of The weighted score of 0.938 had the highest score, respectively. Considering that the total weighted score of internal factors (strengths and weaknesses) was less than 2.5. Therefore, it indicates that the weaknesses of the university outweigh its strengths. Also, the total weighted score of external factors (opportunities and threats) was more than 2.5, so it indicates that the opportunities facing Razi University outweigh its threats. Conclusion: The results showed that there are many effective factors in the ranking and promotion of the university in the Times ranking system, and some of these factors have a great impact and should be considered more in planning for the development and promotion of the university. He paid attention, such as: awareness and familiarization of academic staff members and university employees regarding the existence of ranking systems and their impact on the university's position, providing the necessary platforms to eliminate the deficiencies and shortcomings of the university's infrastructure. Also, paying attention to the administrative and human structure of the university, which includes administrative health, human resources and financial resources. The findings of interviews and descriptive analysis and SWAT matrix analysis of the research questionnaire showed. The university is not in a favorable situation. Therefore, it is necessary for managers and officials to look at the factors and components It was found that each of them has a great impact on improving the university's status and its rank in the Times ranking system. Keywords: higher education, university promotion, Times ranking system, ranking of universities, Razi University

 Abstract The aim of the present study is to identify the causes of lack of academic involvement of Afghan immigrant girl students in elementary school. The research is of applied type and in terms of data collection, quantitative and qualitative methods have been used. In the quantitative part, Rio and Tseng's (2011) academic involvement questionnaire was used to identify immigrant students who have low academic involvement, and in the qualitative part, an unstructured in-depth interview was used to identify the reasons for the lack of academic involvement of Afghan immigrant students. The statistical population of this research is all female Afghan immigrant students in the elementary school of Saujblag city. The sampling method in this research was multi-stage cluster sampling in the first stage and purposive sampling in the second stage. In this way, in the first stage of sampling, which aims to identify primary schools where a large number of immigrant students are studying, 4 schools were identified. 127 people who had low academic involvement were selected and the questionnaires were distributed among them. And in the second step, using spss software, the scores of the participants were calculated, and the students whose scores were one standard deviation lower than the average were identified, and their number was 26. An in-depth unstructured interview was conducted with ten people, and no new information was obtained in the last two interviews, and the data reached saturation. After examining the data obtained from the research and coding the data of each group in three stages of open, central and selective coding, a total of 73 concepts were identified in relation to identifying the causes of academic non-engagement of Afghan immigrant students, which were categorized into 31 categories and Finally, they were classified in the form of 3 indicators of academic non-engagement, including personal-individual deficiencies, socio-economic deficiencies, and educational deficiencies. The results of the research showed that these indicators have been effective in the lack of academic involvement of Afghan immigrant girl students.

چكيده: توجه به ظاهر و متناسب بودن در هر دوره­اي وجود دارد اما گاهي اين توجه به صورت افراطي و حساسيت شديد ظهور پيدا مي­كند كه ديگر طبيعي نبوده و تبديل به اختلال بدريخت انگاري بدن شده و همين امر عملكرد فردي و اجتماعي فرد را تحت­تأثير قرار مي­دهد.اين پژوهش با هدف بررسي نقش ميانجي سوگيري توجه در رابطه بين تنظيم هيجان و افكار خودآيند منفي با نشانه هاي بدريخت انگاري در مراجعه كنندگان به مراكز زيبايي انجام شد.   با استفاده   از روش نمونه گيري در دسترس و با توجه به زير مقياس هاي متغير هاي پژوهش ( به استثناي بدريخت انگاري بدني) تعداد 180 نفر در نظر گرفته شد. براي گردآوري داده ها از پرسشنامه هاي اختلال بدريخت انگاري ربيعي و همكاران (1390) ، تنظيم هيجاني گرتز و روئمر (2004)، افكار خودآيند كندال و هالون (1980)، سوگيري توجه وودي چامبلس و گلاس (1997) استفاده گرديد. براي آزمون فرضيه هاي پژوهش از مدل معادلات ساختاري در فضاي نرم افزاري PLS استفاده شد. يافته ها حاكي از آن بود كه بين تنظيم هيجان با نشانه هاي اختلال بدريخت انگاري بدني رابطه منفي و معناداري (220/0-)وجود داشته است. بين افكار خودآيند منفي با نشانه هاي اختلال بدريخت انگاري بدني رابطه مثبت و معناداري (209/0)   وجود داشته است. بين سوگيري توجه و نشانه هاي اختلال بدريخت انگاري بدني با توجه به اينكه T-VALUE(233/0)مي باشد مسير تاييد نگرديد و رابطه­ي معناداري وجود نداشت.   همچنين تنظيم هيجان با ميانجي‌گري سوگيري توجه با نشانه هاي اختلال بدريخت انگاري بدني رابطه نداشته و در نهايت اينكه افكار خودآيند منفي با ميانجي‌گري سوگيري توجه با نشانه هاي اختلال بدريخت انگاري بدني رابطه ندارد. كليدواژه: بدريخت انگاري بدني، افكار خود آيند منفي، سوگيري توجه ، تنظيم هيجان.   

چكيده تراژدي هاي جمعي، به ويژه مواردي كه شامل بيماري هاي عفوني مي شوند، غالباً موج هايي از ترس و اضطراب را در ميان جامعه افزايش مي دهند كه مي توانند باعث ايجاد اختلال گسترده در فرايندهاي روانشناختي افراد شوند. از زمان شيوع ويروس كرونا كه به عنوان يك بحران سلامت عمومي شناخته شده، شاهد شيوع چشمگير اختلالات اضطرابي در جوامع مختلف بوديم. پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسي نقش ميانجي نشخوار فكري در رابطه ي بين عدم تحمل ابهام و تنظيم شناختي هيجان با اضطراب كرونا در دانشجويان دانشگاه رازي شهر كرمانشاه انجام شد. با استفاده از روش نمونه گيري در دسترس تعداد 370 نفر انتخاب شدند. براي گردآوري داده ها از پرسشنامه هاي تحمـل ابهام مكلين (1993)، تنظيم شناختي هيجانگراتز (2004)، نشخوار فكري نولن هوكسما (1991) و اضطراب كرونا استفاده شد. افراد نمونه مورد بررسي به علت شرايط بيماري كرونا به صورت آنلاين به پرسشنامه هاي طراحي شده در فرم نگار سايت گوگل به سوالات پاسخ دادند. براي بررسي نرمال بودن و همبستگي ميان متغيرهاي پژوهش، به ترتيب از آزمون كلموگروف-اسميرنوف و آزمون همبستگي پيرسون استفاده شد. همچنين براي آزمون فرضيه هاي پژوهش از مدل معادلات ساختاري در فضاي نرم افزاري AMOS 24 استفاده شد. نتايج نشان داد عدم تحمل ابهام و تنظيم هيجان به صورت مستقيم با اضطراب كرونا رابطه معنادار دارند (05/0?p). ديگر يافته ي پژوهش نشان داد نشخوار فكري در رابطه بين عدم تحمل ابهام و تنظيم هيجان با اضطراب كرونا نقش ميانجي ايفا مي كند (05/0?p). بر اين اساس مي توان نتيجه گرفت كه فرايند شناختي نشخوار فكري مي تواند رابطه ي بين عدم تحمل ابهام و تنظيم هيجاني را با اضطراب ميانجي گري مي كند و در برنامه هاي مقابله با اضطراب بر اين مبنا، پيشنهاد مي شود كه اين رابطه مورد توجه قرار گيرد. كليد واژه ها: اضطراب كرونا، تنظيم شناختي هيجان، عدم تحمل ابهام، نشخوار فكري، دانشجويان، دانشگاه رازي.  

   Summary Purpose: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the mediating role of cognitive regulation of emotion in the relationship between psychological capital and academic engagement in female students of the second year of high school in Kermanshah. Research methodology: The current research method was correlational. The statistical population of this research included all the female students of the second year of secondary school in Kermanshah in the academic year of 1400-1401 in the number of 400 people who were selected by cluster sampling. To collect data from the cognitive self-regulating emotion questionnaires (CERQ-P); Luthans psychological capital standard questionnaire (2007); Fredericks et al.'s (2004) standard academic engagement questionnaire was used. The collected data were analyzed by    and LISREL software and using the statistical method of Pearson correlation and structural equation model.    Findings: The findings showed that psychological capital is directly related to cognitive regulation, emotion and academic engagement at the level (P<0.01). There is a relationship. In the other part of this research, psychological capital has an effect on academic involvement through the mediation of cognitive regulation of emotion, and in other words, the mediation was complete (P<0.01). Conclusion: People with a high level of psychological capital are more creative in finding alternative ways to achieve their goals, and since according to the findings, these people have good cognitive and emotional regulation, so they usually choose goals that are They don't stop trying to reach their goals and value their goals and focus on them.       Keywords: cognitive regulation of emotion, psychological capital, academic engagement, students

   چكيده: هدف از تحقيق حاضر شناخت زمينه­ها و پيامدهاي محروميت از ارث دختران است، به اين صورت كه در مناطقي از ايران، حق دختران از ارث پدري­شان به آن­ها داده نمي­شود و مجبور به بخشيدن ارث خود به برادران هستند، جهت دسترسي به اين هدف از روش تحقيق كيفي و تئوري زمينه­اي استفاده شده است، زيرا ما براي رسيدن به هدف تحقيق نياز به اطلاعاتي از ذهنيت­ها، انگيزه­ها و باورها داشتيم كه با تحقيق كيفي مي­توانستيم به آن­ها دست پيدا كنيم،   جامعه مورد مطالعه زنان و دختران طايفه اولاد قباد و ايتي­وند از توابع شهرستان نورآباد دلفان هستند، جهت جمع­آوري اطلاعات از نمونه­گيري هدفمند بهره برديم   و با 14 نفر از دختران اين طوايف مصاحبه عميق انجام شد، براي تجزيه و تحليل اطلاعات از روش كدگذاري استفاده كرديم، به اين صورت كه مصاحبه­ها تبديل به گزاره و مفاهيم و مقولات شدند و از ميان آنها يك مقوله مركزي به دست آمد كه بقيه مقوله­ها و مفاهيم حول مقوله محوري نقش­آفريني داشتند، يافته­ها حاكي از اين بود كه مسئله محروميت از ارث با تبعيض جنسيتي در خانواده­ها و رجحان جنس پسر در خانواده شكل مي­گيرد كه اين خود نيز از سروري و سالاري مردها   و قدرت در خانواده نشات مي­گيرد، و با پذيرش اين برتري توسط مادر، فرزندان نيز، با اين باور تربيت مي­شوند، به طوري­ كه مادر و حتي فرزندان دختر، خود اين محروميت را تاييد و مي­پذيرند، وبه اين برتري و كهتري و محروميت از ارث دامن مي­زنند، البته شرايطي به كمك اين مسئله مي­آيند كه از آن جمله عدم سواد و آگاهي زنان، عدم تملك زنان كه خود از همان مردسالاري يا رجحان جنسيتي مي­آيد، بوروكراسي و دردسرهاي قانون و مراجعه به دادگاهها و...مي­باشند، و با وجود تغييرات اجتماعي، مادي و فرهنگي ايجاد شده و افزايش سطح سواد و آگاهي زنان، اين مسئله همچنان مناطقي از ايران چون لرستان، مناطق كردنشين، عرب، و استان فارس وبه صورت پراكنده ساير مناطق روستا نشين را درگير كرده­است، از جمله شرايطي كه به اين پايداري دامن مي­زند استفاده مردان از اين عرف و فرهنگ در جهت فردگرايي و ثروت اندوزي است، زيرا خشونت­هاي خانگي عليه زنان و آن حمايت­گري برادران در دنياي جديد ديگر خيلي جايي ندارد اما همچنان پسران به نفع خواسته­هاي جديد خود از اين فرهنگ محروميت از ارث بهره مي­برند. كليد واژه ها:

   كارآفريني از منابع مهم و پايان ناپذير همه جوامع بشري است كه به عنوان يكي از مهمترين سرمايه‌هاي يك كشور محسوب مي‌شود. كارآفريني، يك سبك زندگي يا يك فرهنگ و يكي از شيوه‌هاي كاهش بيكاري و افزايش اشتغال، به عنوان موتور رشد و توسعه اقتصادي عمل مي كند كه سبب پيشرفت و اصلاح جامعه است. هدف پژوهش حاضر به بررسي اثربخشي مشاوره شغلي به شيوه يادگيري اجتماعي (انتخاب شغل كرامبولتز) بر تغيير نگرش و افزايش رفتار كارآفرينانه دانشجويان دانشگاه پيام نور شهرستان سرپل‌ذهاب است، جامعه آماري شامل كليه دانشجويان دانشگاه پيام نور شهرستان سرپل‌ذهاب ??? در سال تحصيلي 1399-1400 نفر بود كه ??? نفر از اين دانشجويان به عنوان حجم نمونه با استفاده از نمونه‌گيري تصادفي ساده انتخاب شدند، پس از توزيع پرسشنامه در بين آنان ?? نفر از افرادي را كه پايين‌ترين نمره كسب كرده بودند، به شكل تصادفي ساده در دو گروه آزمايش (?? نفر) و كنترل (?? نفر) قرار گرفتند و سپس گروه آزمايش به مدت ? جلسه يك و نيم ساعته در معرض مداخله (مشاوره شغلي به شيوه يادگيري اجتماعي كرامبولتز) قرار گرفت و گروه كنترل در اين مدت هيچ مداخله‌اي دريافت نكرد. يافته‌هاي پژوهش نشان داد كه مشاوره شغلي به شيوه يادگيري اجتماعي (انتخاب شغل كرامبولتز) بر تغيير نگرش و افزايش رفتار كارآفرينانه دانشجويان دانشگاه پيام نور شهرستان سرپل‌ذهاب تاثير دارد. يافته هاي نقش و اهميت مشاوره شغلي به شيوه يادگيري اجتماعي كرامبولتز را خاطر نشان مي سازد.