Saeed shahab Hasani Nasab

     In this study, the effect of adding recycled vegetable oil on the mechanical properties and fatigue performance of half a gram asphalt has been investigated. For this purpose, the base bitumen was modified with different amounts of recycled vegetable oil including 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 wt% and the made asphalt samples were subjected to softness, ductility, Marshall and compressive strength tests. The results showed that the addition of vegetable oil significantlyAttention reduces the softness point of bitumen, which indicates a reduction in mixing temperature and density and the realization of the goal of half-gram asphalt. On the other hand, ductility was maintained up to the threshold of 4% oil at its maximum value (100 cm), but it dropped sharply in the higher percentages and reached zero in the 10% sample, indicating the rupture of the colloidal structure and the clotting of the asphaltenes. Marshall's experiment showed that the maximum stability was related to the 2% sample with a   value of 11.21 kN, but this sample suffered a decrease in compressive strength. In contrast, the 4% sample with a stability of 7.90 kN and a compressive strength of 2.97 MPa (with a slight difference from the control sample) provided the best balance between bearing strength, adhesion and flexibility   He did. In contrast, samples containing 6% and above with a severe drop in Marshall stability (at 8% to less than 1 kN) and a significant reduction in ductility were practically unqualified for pavement applications. Finally, by combining all performance criteria, the amount of 4 wt% of recycled vegetable oil is introduced as the optimal percentage, which while reducing the production temperature to about 15 degrees Celsius, has the highest compatibility with maintaining It has adhesion properties and desirable potential to absorb fatigue strains and can be recommended as an operational option for bitumen modification in semi-gram pavements. In this study, the effect of adding recycled vegetable oil on the mechanical properties and fatigue performance of half a gram asphalt has been investigated. For this purpose, the base bitumen was modified with different amounts of recycled vegetable oil including 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 wt% and the made asphalt samples were subjected to softness, ductility, Marshall and compressive strength tests. The results showed that the addition of vegetable oil significantlyAttention reduces the softness point of bitumen, which indicates a reduction in mixing temperature and density and the realization of the goal of half-gram asphalt. On the other hand, ductility was maintained up to the threshold of 4% oil at its maximum value (100 cm), but it dropped sharply in the higher percentages and reached zero in the 10% sample, indicating the rupture of the colloidal structure and the clotting of the asphaltenes. Marshall's experiment showed that the maximum stability was related to the 2% sample with a   value of 11.21 kN, but this sample suffered a decrease in compressive strength. In contrast, the 4% sample with a stability of 7.90 kN and a compressive strength of 2.97 MPa (with a slight difference from the control sample) provided the best balance between bearing strength, adhesion and flexibility   He did. In contrast, samples containing 6% and above with a severe drop in Marshall stability (at 8% to less than 1 kN) and a significant reduction in ductility were practically unqualified for pavement applications. Finally, by combining all performance criteria, the amount of 4 wt% of recycled vegetable oil is introduced as the optimal percentage, which while reducing the production temperature to about 15 degrees Celsius, has the highest compatibility with maintaining It has adhesion properties and desirable potential to absorb fatigue strains and can be recommended as an operational option for bitumen modification in semi-gram pavements.

The continuous increase in traffic loads, the expansion of tra  ortation networks, and the rising costs of construction have highlighted the necessity of employing innovative materials to improve structural performance and reduce the thickness of pavement layers. In many flexible pavements, the excessive thickness of the base and subbase layers leads to higher construction costs, greater material consumption, and longer execution times, while their durability and load-bearing capacity still decline under heavy loads and adverse environmental conditions. In this regard, the use of geosynthetic materials—particularly geotextiles—has proven to be an effective solution due to their reinforcing, separation, drainage, and lateral confinement functions, which help mitigate permanent deformations, reflective cracking, and longitudinal and transverse settlements. On the other hand, concrete canvas, as a novel composite technology combining three-dimensional fibers and dry cement powder, provides a thin, durable, waterproof, and fire-resistant layer that is easy to install, enhances durability, and reduces the need for traditional materials. This research aims to investigate the effect of combining geotextile and concrete canvas on reducing the thickness of base and subbase layers in asphalt pavements. To achieve this goal, the theoretical background of both materials in pavement improvement was reviewed, and a three-dimensional multilayer pavement model was developed in ABAQUS software based on the finite element method (FEM). Various configurations of geotextile and concrete canvas with different layer thicknesses were analyzed numerically to evaluate their effects on the mechanical behavior of the pavement in terms of settlement, stress distribution, and overall stability. The results of the simulations revealed that the simultaneous use of geotextile and concrete canvas can significantly reduce settlement and stress in pavement layers without compromising structural performance. These findings indicate the potential of substituting this combination for a portion of the base and subbase thickness, leading to lower construction costs, reduced material usage, and improved durability. Overall, the results demonstrate that the integration of geotextile and concrete canvas can serve as an innovative and efficient approach for the optimal and sustainable design of asphalt pavements. The application of this combination not only enhances structural performance but also contributes to economic savings, shorter construction periods, and improved environmental sustainability in road projects.

The rapid increase in heavy traffic and the growing ownership of motor vehicles have intensified the need for durable, resistant, and cost-effective pavements. In recent decades, pavement engineering has evolved from simple structures into complex multilayer systems, and the use of innovative materials to enhance structural performance and extend service life has received considerable attention from researchers and engineers. One of the main challenges of asphalt pavements is the occurrence of reflective cracking, permanent deformation, and high maintenance costs. Conventional solutions, such as increasing asphalt layer thickness, not only raise construction expenses but also have significant environmental impacts. Among modern solutions, geosynthetics—particularly geotextiles—have emerged as effective materials for deformation control, stress distribution, and layer separation, which can improve mechanical performance and enable the reduction of pavement thickness. On the other hand, concrete canvas, as an advanced composite material made of a three-dimensional fabric impregnated with dry cement powder, offers advantages such as light weight, high compressive and flexural strength, corrosion resistance, and ease of installation, making it a promising alternative to conventional asphalt layers.The present study aims to investigate the use of geotextile in the base layer and concrete canvas in the surface layer and their combined effect on reducing the thickness of layers in asphalt pavements. For this purpose, a four-layer reference model containing geotextile was simulated in ABAQUS software based on verified laboratory data. Several additional numerical models were then analyzed with various configurations, including the presence or absence of geotextile, variation in the number of geotextile layers, partial or full replacement of the asphalt layer with concrete canvas, and the combination of thin concrete canvas with geotextile. In each model, settlement, stress, and tensile and compressive damages in the layers were extracted and compared.The results showed that the use of geotextile improved stress distribution, reduced settlement, and enhanced the structural durability of the pavement system. Moreover, the integration of concrete canvas with geotextile led to a significant reduction in asphalt layer thickness, decreased permanent deformations, and increased overall strength of the pavement structure. From an economic and environmental perspective, this hybrid system can be considered a sustainable alternative to conventional asphalt pavements by reducing raw material consumption, energy usage during production and tra  ortation, and extending service life. Overall, the findings of this research demonstrate that combining geotextile and concrete canvas technologies in pavement design not only enhances structural performance but also contributes effectively to sustainable infrastructure development and the optimization of construction and maintenance costs.

در اين پژوهش، عملكرد ستون‌هاي سنگي به عنوان روشي موثر در تقويت خاك‌ها و افزايش پايداري شيب‌ها مورد بررسي قرار گرفته است. هدف اصلي تحقيق، تحليل سه‌بعدي راندمان ستون‌هاي سنگي با توجه به آرايش‌هاي هندسي مختلف در شيب‌هاي مختلف مي‌باشد. بهسازي و تقويت شيرواني‌هاي خاكي در برابر تغييرمكان‌هاي جانبي، نشست و كاهش ضريب اطمينان از موضوعات مهم در مهندسي ژئوتكنيك است. ستون‌هاي سنگي به‌عنوان يكي از كارآمدترين روش‌هاي بهسازي زمين، با ايجاد محصورشدگي جانبي، بهبود زهكشي و افزايش سختي توده خاك، نقشي مؤثر در افزايش پايداري شيرواني‌ها ايفا مي‌كنند. با وجود اين، كارايي ستون‌هاي سنگي تا حد زيادي به آرايش هندسي، طول ستون، قطر و نحوه اندركنش آن‌ها با لايه‌هاي خاكي وابسته است. در اين پژوهش، عملكرد سه آرايش هندسي ستون‌هاي سنگي (مثلثي، مربعي و شش‌ضلعي) و همچنين تأثير طول ستون، به‌صورت عددي و سه‌بعدي با استفاده از نرم‌افزار PLAXIS-3D   مورد بررسي قرار گرفته است. نتايج نشان داد كه آرايش‌هاي هندسي مختلف اثر قابل توجهي بر رفتار مكانيكي شيب دارند. آرايش مثلثي بهترين عملكرد را از نظر كاهش جابه‌جايي افقي و افزايش ضريب اطمينان پايداري ارائه كرد؛ به‌طوري‌كه بيشترين مقدار ضريب اطمينان برابر با 6/1 براي اين آرايش به‌دست آمد. در مقابل، آرايش شش‌ضلعي ضعيف‌ترين عملكرد را داشته و كمترين ضريب اطمينان برابر با   28/1 ثبت شد. اين اختلاف بيانگر بهبود حدود 25 درصدي ضريب اطمينان در آرايش مثلثي نسبت به شش‌ضلعي است. بررسي تأثير طول ستون نيز نشان داد كه افزايش طول ستون از 3 متر به 6 متر موجب افزايش حدود 2/21 درصدي ضريب اطمينان پايداري شيب مي‌شود. همچنين با افزايش طول ستون، جابه‌جايي افقي به‌طور معني‌داري كاهش يافته و رفتار شيب پايدارتر شده است. از نظر تنش‌ها نيز مشاهده شد كه آرايش مثلثي بالاترين مقدار تنش برشي پيك را در حدود 390 كيلوپاسكال ايجاد مي‌كند، در حالي‌كه آرايش مربعي مقدار مياني حدود 350 كيلوپاسكال و آرايش شش‌ضلعي كمترين مقدار را نشان داد كه ناشي از محصورشدگي جانبي كمتر است. به‌طور كلي، نتايج تحقيق نشان داد كه انتخاب آرايش مناسب ستون‌هاي سنگي و بهينه‌سازي طول آن‌ها مي‌تواند كاهش قابل توجهي در نشست قائم، جابه‌جايي جانبي و افزايش چشمگيري در ايمني شيب ايجاد كند. يافته‌هاي اين پژوهش مي‌تواند به‌عنوان مرجعي براي طراحي بهينه ستون‌هاي سنگي در پروژه‌هاي عمراني به‌ويژه در شرايط خاك‌هاي سست و لايه‌اي مورد استفاده قرار گيرد.   

   Slope stabilization is one of the important challenges of geotechnical engineering, and failure to pay attention to it can lead to dangerous subsidence and collapse of soil. In the Shahu region, frequent landslides and increased slope displacement have made it more evident than ever before the necessity of investigating and selecting appropriate stabilization methods. The present study investigated and compared three slope stabilization methods, including anchorage, anti-slip piles, and retaining walls, using finite element numerical analysis and PLAXIS 2D software. The main objective of the study was to determine the effectiveness of each method in reducing total slope displacement, increasing the safety factor, and controlling failure lines. In the analyses, geometric and mechanical parameters such as anchor angle and length, pile center distance, and the distance of the retaining wall from the slope toe were examined as key variables. The results showed that the anti-slip pile had the greatest effect in reducing total displacement and increasing the safety factor; the maximum safety factor of 1.405 was recorded at a distance of 0.5 m from the highest point of the slope, which is beyond the design criterion limit (1.25). The anchoring method has a good performance in stabilizing the surface layers of the slope, but excessive increase in the anchoring length causes stress concentration and increased local settlement. While the retaining wall has limited control over the total displacement and is more suitable for surface stabilization and local control of displacements. The analysis of the failure lines also showed that the combination of the load transfer mechanism, system stiffness and failure depth plays a decisive role in the stabilization performance. The findings are consistent with previous studies and emphasize that the selection of the optimal method should be based on the geotechnical properties of the soil, failure depth and implementation constraints. This research also suggests that the combination of methods, 3D modeling and intelligent monitoring can increase the prediction accuracy and efficiency of slope engineering designs. Keywords: Slope stabilization, anti-slip pile, anchorage, retaining wall   

كلمات كليدي: تثبيت خاك‌هاي رسي، سيمان پرتلند، الياف تركيبي، الياف پلي‌استر، الياف پلي‌پروپيلن، واكنش‌هاي هيدراتاسيون، دوام در محيط نمكي، ساختار اليافي تركيبي.

   The present study, in order to improve the geotechnical behavior of clay soils of kaolinite, bentonite and sand/clay mixture (80% standard sand, 20% local clay), which are always known as problematic soils in civil and road construction projects due to their high swelling potential, high shrinkage and low shear strength, three types of stabilizers including lime, xanthan gum and sodium alginate (biopolymer) were used to improve quality, increase mechanical properties, increase shear strength and effective improvement parameters. The samples were made in different percentages of stabilizers, lime (2.5 to 7.5%), biopolymers (0.5 to 2%) and evaluated in 7 and 28-day curing periods. Laboratory tests including grading, determination of Atterberg limits, modified compaction test, uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) were performed. The findings showed that the addition of lime initiates short-term and long-term pozzolanic reactions, which in the short term increase the pH and ion exchange, in the long term cause the release of Si and Al ions from the clay plates and ultimately the formation of CSH and CAH cementitious materials. The mechanism of action of biopolymers is completely different from the chemical reactions of lime and cause strong gelation between soil particles. The compressive strength results showed that lime had the best performance for all three soils used in the range of 5 to 7.5%. Xanthan gum biopolymer had the best compressive strength for kaolinite soil at 2%, in bentonite and in sand/clay at 1%. Sodium alginate biopolymer had the best performance and resistance for both kaolinite and bentonite soils at 0.5%, but in sandy clay soil, sodium alginate did not have a positive effect and was accompanied by a decrease in soil basic resistance. In general, lime provided the most long-term improvement, while biopolymers provided short-term improvement and performed best at 0.5%, 1% and 2% due to lower consumption and environmental compatibility. Keywords: Soil stabilization, lime, kaolinite, biopolymer, pozzolanic reactions, bentonite, xanthan gum.

  In developing countries, construction waste accounts for a large part of urban waste, which, in addition to being very expensive to dispose of, has adverse consequences on the environment. Recycling construction waste not only helps to preserve natural resources and the environment, but also has economic justification by using scientific methods. In the present study, an attempt has been made to study the mechanical properties of construction waste at the laboratory level and to evaluate the possibility of reusing these materials in road construction as sub-base materials. For this purpose, 19 samples of mixtures including concrete, brick, ceramic and gypsum materials with different weight percentages were selected for the study. The results of the compaction tests showed that with increasing the amount of brick and gypsum in the mixtures, the tendency to absorb water in them and the optimum moisture percentage increase and the dry specific gravity of the mixture decreases. After conducting California bearing ratio tests on the mixtures, it was found that all 19 mixtures could be used as base layers. In addition, mixture 19 could also be used as base layers. Next, the mixtures with the highest and lowest CBR values ??were subjected to direct shear tests, the results of which indicated the existence of an internal friction angle and their high potential for engineering applications, including road construction. Finally, using genetic, particle swarm optimization, and differential evolutionary metaheuristic algorithms, the percentages of materials were determined to achieve the optimal mixture.

   Stabilization of clayey soils has long been one of the main challenges in geotechnical engineering, especially in areas where soils with expansive behavior or low resistance to repeated loading are observed. Kaolinite soil, as one of the important types of clayey soils, requires modification and improvement in order to be used in infrastructure projects due to its plate-like structure, high surface area to volume ratio, and limited reactivity. In recent years, in order to increase the durability, stability, and mechanical strength of soils, the use of mineral and chemical additives with pozzolanic properties and alkaline activators has been considered as a sustainable and effective approach. In this study, a combination of Portland cement, microsilica, sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution, and sodium silicate (Na?SiO?) were used as the main stabilizers to improve the engineering behavior of kaolinite soil. The simultaneous combination of pozzolanic and alkaline materials leads to the formation of secondary reactive gels such as C-S-H, C-A-S-H and N-A-S-H in the soil structure, which play an important role in increasing the compressive strength, tensile strength and long-term stability. On the other hand, the use of alkaline solutions with different concentrations allows the investigation of the effect of geopolymer reactions and the kinetics of the formation of hydration products. Next, in order to evaluate the performance of the stabilizers, tests including unconfined compressive strength, Brazilian tensile strength, wet and dry cycle tests, and SEM and XRD microscopic analyses were carried out. The main goal is to achieve an optimal combination of stabilizing materials for effective improvement of kaolinite and provide a sustainable solution in stabilizing problematic soils for geotechnical applications, especially under variable environmental loading conditions. The results showed that using up to 12% stabilizer and replacing 50-65% of cement with microsilica and solutions of sodium hydroxide with a concentration of 8 M and sodium silicate with a concentration of 1% provide the highest resistance.

In this study, a simultaneous combination of three stabilizers—lime, silica fume (micro-silica) and a biopolymer—was employed to improve the geotechnical behaviour of swell-prone clay soils of bentonitic origin. This innovative combination was designed to achieve desirable mechanical properties, chemical stability in aggressive environments, swelling reduction and enhanced long-term durability of the specimens. Specimens were prepared with different stabilizer contents (2.5–15%), various lime–silica fume ratios, and incremental biopolymer dosages, and were evaluated after 7-day and 28-day curing periods.Laboratory tests comprised determination of Atterberg limits, modified compaction, unconfined compressive strength (UCS), free-swelling evaluation, durability tests in acidic, alkaline, saline and sulphate environments under wet–dry cycles, and microstructural analyses using XRD and SEM. The results indicated that lime addition initiated pozzolanic reactions, promoted release of Si and Al from the clay structure, and ultimately led to formation of cementitious phases such as C–S–H and C–A–H. The combination of lime and silica fume accelerated reactivity and produced additional C–S–H gels that played a key role in strengthening interparticle bonds. The biopolymer acted as a complementary agent by forming surface coatings on soil particles, thereby contributing to increased structural cohesion and volumetric stability.UCS results showed that mixtures containing 7.5% and 10% total stabilizer with a 60% lime : 40% silica fume ratio, or 50% : 50% (lime : silica fume), combined with 0.5% and 1% biopolymer, delivered the largest improvements in mechanical parameters and durability. Specimens stabilized with these 10% lime-based mixtures also exhibited acceptable durability in aggressive environments, whereas untreated soils experienced severe loss of strength and structural degradation. Replacing the biopolymer with zeolite in durability tests provided effective protection against ingress of deleterious ions.In conclusion, development of gel-like products from pozzolanic reactions, texture refinement, reduction of particle dispersion, and enhancement of structural integrity were the principal factors of improvement identified in this research. The proposed combined-stabilizer approach not only increased soil strength and durability but also enabled reduction in lime consumption and improvement of environmental sustainability.  

  High-entropy alloys (HEAs), as advanced multicomponent systems comprising at least five principal elements with atomic concentrations ranging from 5 to 35%, have garnered significant attention in engineering research due to their outstanding mechanical, chemical, and thermodynamic properties. Although the fabrication of these alloys has predominantly been investigated in bulk form, limited studies have explored their synthesis as thin-film coatings. In this study, a CoCrNiCuZn high-entropy alloy coating was synthesized via direct current (DC) electrochemical deposition in a chloride-based electrolyte onto a 304 stainless steel substrate. The deposition parameters were systematically examined to analyze the coating’s morphology, chemical composition, and crystallographic structure. Characterization was performed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD). The results indicated that under constant current conditions, the synthesized coating exhibited a smooth, dense, and crack-free surface. Thermodynamic calculations using the HEAPS software predicted the formation of a solid solution phase with a face-centered cubic (FCC) structure, which was consistent with the GIXRD data. The agreement between experimental observations and thermodynamic predictions validated the accuracy of the modeling approach. Corrosion resistance evaluation revealed that the CoCrNiCuZn coating possessed favorable anti-corrosive properties. The sample with a corrosion current density of 3.07 µA/cm² and a corrosion rate of 1.31 mpy was identified as optimal, whereas the sample with a corrosion rate of 23.99 mpy demonstrated inferior performance. The formation of a passive Cr?O? oxide layer by chromium, the stabilizing effect of nickel, and the presence of copper oxides (Cu?O) in the synthesized coating contributed to the mitigation of pitting and galvanic corrosion. Moreover, the homogeneous elemental distribution within the HEA structure reduced susceptibility to intergranular corrosion. The antibacterial properties of the synthesized coating were also investigated. The results demonstrated that leveraging the synergistic effects of the high-entropy alloy enabled exceptional antibacterial efficacy against planktonic bacteria and biofilms, achieved through the integration of antibacterial elements into the final CoCrNiCuZn coating. This study enhanced the antibacterial performance of HEAs through advanced fabrication techniques and assessed their feasibility as biomedical and corrosion-resistant materials with antibacterial functionality. Overall, this research presents a one-step, scalable, and cost-effective approach for synthesizing nanocrystalline HEA coatings, offering substantial potential for industrial and academic applications in materials science and metallurgy.

  Abstract In developing countries, construction waste accounts for a large part of urban waste, which, in addition to the high cost of disposal, also has adverse consequences on the environment. The volume of construction waste is so large that this issue is now a social and environmental problem not only in Iran but also in developed countries. Recycling construction waste not only helps to preserve natural resources and the environment, but also has economic justification by using scientific methods. Construction waste is the most common type of waste produced in the world. Therefore, insufficient attention to this type of waste can be raised as an environmental problem in the future. Today, the use of materials made from recycled construction waste is an important issue. The use of this type of waste (waste) can reduce the need to exploit natural resources. In the present study, the possibility of recycling these materials and using them directly as base or sub-base materials is investigated. For this purpose, after obtaining the necessary waste from the desired location and determining the waste compositions based on weight percentage (the lowest is 5 percent and the highest is 45 percent), 19 samples of the selected waste compositions were selected with different weight percentages, and then the necessary physical tests including grading, sand equivalent, modified density, elongation and splitting, water absorption, and abrasion were performed on the selected materials to examine the quality of recycled waste as road construction materials. The results show that the selected grading was in the coarse-grained range and it is necessary to modify the grading. The sand equivalent results indicate that it is usable for the sub-base layer. The density shows that the samples containing a higher percentage of gypsum and brick have a higher optimal moisture content and a lower maximum specific gravity. The elongation and splitting results indicate that these compositions are usable for the base and sub-base layer. The results of the water absorption test show that brick and gypsum have a higher water absorption capacity than concrete and ceramics. The abrasion results show that the selected materials with the selected percentage are not of good quality and the amount of concrete should be increased and the amounts of plaster and brick should be reduced. Keywords: waste, base, road construction, recycled materials, construction waste, physical properties.

   چكيده با توجه به اهميت پايدار سازي گود در فضاهاي شهري و ساخت و ساز هاي رايج شهري ، از بين روش هاي موجود جهت پايدارسازي گود روش نيلينگ به دليل سرعت در اجرا و نيز عدم جاگير بودن در فضاي گود مورد اقبال بيشتري قرار گرفته است از اين رو درپژوهش حاضر با در نظر گرفتن ب ار استاتيكي ناشي از سازه هم جوار گود و فاصله ان از لبه گود و با كمك نرم افزار اجزا محدودپلكسيس دو بعدي ، اقدام به بررسي تاثير ارتفاع لايه خاك و نيز چسبنده يا غير چسبنده بودن خاك و تعدا لايه خاك با در نظر گرفتن سطح آب زيرزميني بر روي عملكرد روش پايدار سازي گود به روش نيلينگ گرديده است و در نهايت با تحليل نتايج به دست آمده تاثير ارتفاع و تعداد و جنس لايه هاي خاكي،ضخامت شاتكريت،ضخامت ديواره پشت گودومدل رفتاري مورد استفاده بر جابه جايي افقي و قائم ديواره گود و ضريب اطمينان آن مورد بحث وبررسي قرار گرفته است.

شدرگ تعنص گ ير هك زا يكي نيرت رثؤم و نيرتروآ دوس اه يراذگ هيامرس لاغتشا داجيا بجوم ،تس و ييازدمآرد ، يگنهرف حطس ءاقترا و داصتقا ي .ددرگ يم روشك يتح و هلحم كي نارگشدرگ ينونك اب اه هزيگنا دننك يم رفس ينوگانوگ ي جت لابند هب و هبر يياه ون يحور يلاعت و يركف شمارآ هب نديسر يارب دنا ينامسج طاشن و . بلغا ه اب نارگشدرگ ثاريم نديد فد يگنهرف و يندنامداي هب هبرجت كي يارب درفب رصحنم دننك يم ترفاسم نارگشدرگ عون نيا يارب باذج دصاقم زا يكي . ، لته كيتوب تسا هك كي ناونعب يلاع ياضف نيب نارگشدرگ دناوت يم ?0 ات ?0 نيرتهب هك ار لاس تيعضو ار يدمآرد نيگنايم ،دنراد بذج ديامن اه لته نيا . رطاخ هب ،يرامعم كبس ،يهد سيورس هوحن لثم دوخ صاخ ياه يگژيو دنريگ يم رارق نارگشدرگ هجوت دروم ...و تيقلاخ و يروآون نتشاد اب ناريا . ياه تيفرظ ثاريم دايز و يگنهرف يخيرات ناوت لته نينچ داجيا ار يياه دراد . زا يشان ياه يناشيرپ و يحطس يرامعم ،يفرط زا د فلتخم ياه كبس ناشن ،دنواهن دننام راگدنام يخيرات و يدبلاك تيوه ياراد ياهرهش ياج ياج ر .دشاب يم يتّنس و نردم يرامعم يگنهامه مدع و يحارط لوصا زا يكي ناونع هب هنيمز هب هجوت مدع هدنهد يحارط رما رد يتايح رايسب لماوع زا هنيمز نتفرگ رظن رد دور يم رامش هب . دعتم ليلاد هب هك ينامز داجيا د دوجوم هنيمز اب ينوگمه رد تسياب يم اهنآ حرط ،دوش مزلا هدوسرف و يخيرات يتفاب رد ون ياه نامتخاس .دنشاب يحارط رد هب تافتلا ساسا رب هنيمز ، ياه صخاش تسياب يم يعامتجا- يدبلاك ،يناسنا يرهاظ و و ياه هفلؤم ار يميلقا ؛داد رارق هجوت دروم ت م هدوسرف تفاب ناوتب ا يلماعت و ينيرفآزاب ار يحارط لح نيا رد .دومن داجيا نينكاس و نارگشدرگ نايم هدنزاس همان ناياپ يا هراپ يروآدرگ ، زا تاعلاطا هويش هب- ي هناخباتك يا تسا هدوب هب . يتروص هنيمز فيرعت هب ادتبا هك سپس و دش هتخادرپ نآ ترورض و ييارگ يدنب ميسقت نايب اب يارب دوجوم ياه هنيمز ،ييارگ ور شيپ حرط اب هك يدنب ميسقت يرتشيب يكيدزن تشاد ، يارب تسا هدش هديزگرب همان ناياپ يحارط . نينچمه رب يدبلاك رصانع رد و تشادرب هنيمز زا زاين بسح .تسا هتفر راك هب يحارط هعلاطم نيا زا يرگيد تمسق زين يناديم تروص هب ماجنا ، يرادربسكع اب و اب يحطس هبحاصم .تفرگ تروص اهرازفا مرن زا هدافتسا و نينكاس نيا فده همان ناياپ هك تسا نآ ريثأت هنيمز يرامعم رد ارگ ينيرفآزاب شزرا تفر تسد زا ياه ي ه دنواهن بارت اقآ جاح هلحم ار يرامعم رد رهش نيا زورما دهد ناشن .دشاب يم لته كيتوب كي يحارط بلاق رد نآ دومن و   

Commercial complexes are considered important urban uses that, in addition to affecting the economic and social development of the city, can also be a unique design that gives the city its identity. Today, cities are faced with problems such as increased urbanization and, as a result, lack of space, traffic, and pollution due to the rapid advancement of technology and communications. Therefore, designers help the city and its users by creating multifunctional spaces in the optimal use of time and space and environmental protection. Creating a commercial and entertainment center creates a powerful urban core that can meet the needs of its users simultaneously. Using the biophilic approach, a reconnection between nature and humans is formed, and its positive psychological effects increase use and attract the audience. In addition to psychological and biological effects on individuals, biophilicity also has positive effects on the urban structure and, in addition to beauty, plays a fundamental role in preserving the environment. The purpose of this thesis is to design a commercial and recreational complex with a biophilic architectural approach, in the form of an urban German in the city of Kermanshah, creating a space not only for business but also for spending leisure and entertainment, where, while using the space appropriately, it is possible to take steps by recognizing the important foundations and principles in design and the stages of achieving effective design and describing and analyzing ecological and aesthetic factors to adapt the characteristics of the environment to architectural needs. In this research, the research method is the analytical-descriptive method and the data collection method is also based on library information, articles, written information, architectural magazines and other studies and methods previously carried out in the field of relevant research. In this research, an attempt has been made to form a place in combination with nature for shopping, recreation and creating joy and rest in order to fill the leisure time of citizens. Using a suitable site, easy access and proximity to nature has created a suitable environment for users to use. The results of this study show that multi-functional complexes can be effective in meeting the needs of space users and increase space utilization and user satisfaction. Using nature, along with easier access, reconnects humans and nature, and has a positive effect on people's morale and meeting their physical and mental needs. Considering the problems of human life today, creating a space for recreation and entertainment, meeting daily needs and shopping in the form of a space is also effective in easier access and increasing use and preventing traffic and air pollution because, in addition to meeting the needs of residents of those areas, it also reduces intracity travel. This green complex is a suitable space for communication and creates different cultural, social and economic experiences. This commercial and recreational complex is an area for the activities of various guilds, a place for interaction, leisure time, and is used by people of all ages, and causes people to be present in the space and enjoy the space and create psychological comfort, collective vitality and dynamism, and social growth of the city.  

   This research investigates the transient liquid phase bonding process assisted by electric current for joining thin sections. The simulation of this process was conducted using COMSOL software in two systems: copper-carbon steel-copper and copper-tin-copper, with varying layer thicknesses. The primary objective was to analyze temperature distribution and atomic diffusion during the bonding process. The results showed that in the copper-carbon steel-copper system, the temperature at the center of the piece reached approximately 1590°C, sufficient to melt the interlayer. It was also observed that increasing the base layer thickness from 1 mm to 5 mm resulted in a higher final bonding temperature. Atomic diffusion analysis revealed that the maximum diffusion depth occurred with a base layer thickness of 1 mm and an interlayer thickness of 0.02 mm, reaching a depth of 0.252 mm. In the copper-tin-copper system, the center temperature of the sample reached approximately 766°C, adequate for melting the tin layer. Modeling indicated that in both systems, the sample remained at the final bonding temperature for over 95% of the bonding time, highlighting a unique advantage of this method. The results were validated by comparing them with experimental data available in the literature, showing good agreement. This research's findings can contribute to the optimal design of transient liquid phase resistance bonding processes for industrial applications, particularly in microelectronics.

   Epilepsy is a common neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures. Research indicates that approximately 30% of epilepsy patients are resistant to pharmaceutical treatments or surgical interventions. Abnormal brain activity, known as the pre-ictal state, typically begins a few minutes before a seizure occurs. Electroencephalography (EEG) is a practical technique for recording brain electrical activity and aiding in the diagnosis of epilepsy. Seizure prediction and assistance for epilepsy patients remain significant challenges in preventing seizure-related complications and improving the quality of life for individuals affected by this condition. Accurate prediction of the onset of the pre-ictal state can help reduce the adverse effects of seizures for patients and their caregivers by providing timely care. The objective of this thesis is to develop a system that enhances evaluation metrics for seizure prediction using deep learning methods. In this study, the CHB-MIT dataset, comprising scalp EEG signals, has been utilized, and the proposed method was evaluated on 24 patients from this dataset. To predict seizures, deep learning-based models and knowledge distillation techniques were employed for model compression, aiming to reduce time and hardware costs and enable real-time application of the network. The teacher model, designed as a patient-independent framework with 22 channels and preprocessed mel-spectrogram inputs, employs a 3D convolutional neural network. This model achieved an accuracy of 87.52%, sensitivity of 88.82%, specificity of 85.97%, and an F1 score of 86.56%. Subsequently, the knowledge distillation technique was applied. By utilizing this approach and employing a single electrode, we identified two electrodes (Electrode 20 and Electrode 22) with superior performance compared to others. The proposed method, for Electrode 20, achieved accuracy84.56%, sensitivity86.76%, specificity82.77%, and F1-score values of 83.63%, and for Electrode 22, achieved accuracy84.30%, sensitivity86.45%, specificity82.93%, and F1-score values of 83.35%, enabling seizure prediction 30 minutes before onset. The results obtained from our proposed method were compared with advanced seizure prediction techniques. The proposed method demonstrated superior performance in terms of accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and F1 score, highlighting its effectiveness in seizure prediction.

  dar jameh kononi ranandegi baraye kar, zandegi ejtemaei, tafarih, tahsil, faalitenpehei egtesadi ve sayer jonbacpanteoja manpam est. ema tasadef vasail naghliyeh motori yeki az moteghirehaye mokharb, maloolit ve morg mohsub mi shod. bar asas motaleat enjam shodeh, chehar amel esli mosar dar vaghu havades ranandegi vojud dard keh shamel moteghirehaye ensani, jadeh, vasileh naghliyeh ve mohit mi bashod. tahlil tasadef jadegyi dar iran neshan midehad keh moteomtarin amel dar vaghu tasadefat ranandegi dar iran, amel ensani est. benabrain, yeki az moteghirehaye ravaneshenakhti mw?sar dar khatrat ranandegi, masoulitpaziri ranandegan est. npamchenin nezameh bavarehya ra mitavan yeki az moteghirehaye moteomi danst keh ertabat mosteghimi ba no raftar ranandegi dard. benabrain, tamrakz in pajoosh bar farayand masoulit paziri bar asas nezam etegadi dar bin ranandegan est. zira zehor khatrat ranandegi bah delil afzayesh raftarehaye ghiraadi ro bah afzayesh est. motaleh hazar bah rosh tosifi npambastegi bud. azmodninpehei pajoosh 3?0? nafar az ranandegan shehar ravansar bodand keh ba rosh nemonehgiri dar dasteres entekhab shodand. shiveh tajziyeh vatahlil dadegeya dar do bakhsh tosif dadegeya ve estanbat dadegeya bud. netaij neshan dad masoulitpaziri ve nezam bavarehya bar kanpash tasadefat ranandegi mosar est. dar tabiyn netaij bah dast amodeh bayad goft keh sistam masoulit paziri ve bavar naqsh mahvari dar kanpash tasadefat jadegyi dard. ba dark tasir in avamel mitavan esteratzhinpehei mw?sari baraye ertaghaye imni jadegeya ijad kard.

In linear projects with long paths, such as roads and railways, encountering unstable infrastructures such as sedimentary layers and soft soils is inevitable. This issue leads to problems such as excessive settlement, reduced load-bearing capacity, and the destruction of pavement layers. This research will examine the impact of implementing deep stone heel structures on the sides of existing pavement sections at various distances and geometric dimensions in reducing the amount of settlement. For this purpose, two-dimensional modeling was carried out using numerical modeling methods in the Midas GTX NX software. The results of various models were compared in three general scenarios: a section without the use of deep stone heel structures, a section with deep stone heel structures of variable dimensions, and a section with deep stone heel structures of variable dimensions combined with geosynthetic enclosures, under three different heights of soft layers of 2, 4, and 7 meters.  

در اين مطالعه هدف مدلسازي اثرات سختي لايه خاك ماسه اي شيب دار بر رفتار تغييرشكلي شيب و پي سطحي مجاور شيب است. سختي ارتجاعي خاك كه متناظر با تغييرات سرعت موج برشي و موج فشاري مصالح ماسه اي است در تحليل هاي عددي پارامتري مختلف منظور شده است. در اين پژوهش، حدود 10 مدل عددي با تغيير سختي ارتجاعي خاك ماسه اي كه معادل چهار نوع زمين مندرج در آيين نامه زلزله 2800 است گسترش داده شده است. مدل هاي عددي در قالب كرنش مسطح و در برنامه نرم افزاري تجاري-تحقيقاتي PLAXIS 2D ايجاد شده اند. ركورد زلزله نزديك-گسل شامل مولفه افقي طولي زلزله ازگله-سرپل ذهاب در ايستگاه لرزه نگاري شهر سرپل ذهاب به عنوان تحريك لرزه اي ورودي مدل هاي عددي منظور شده است. با مقايسه نتايج نسبت تنش هاي برشي دو نمودار خروجي كه اختلاف مدول ارتجاعي آنها 63/15 برابر است، نتيجه مي شود كه با افزايش ميزان سختي ارتجاعي مدل عددي، از ميزان تجمع و تمركز تنش هاي برشي نسبي زير پي در ناحيه گوه گسيختگي پي سطحي، كاسته مي شود و به توزيع تنش هاي برشي بخش ناپايدار شيب و قوس لغزش شيب افزوده مي شود. با افزايش مقادير سختي خاك، تغيير محل تنش هاي برشي تا آنجا پيش مي رود كه مقدار زيادي از تنش زير پي كاسته مي شود و علت آن نيز اثر همزمان وجود سربار استاتيكي (100 كيلوپاسكالي) روي پي سطحي (بار معادل ساختمان يا سازه) و سخت شدن ناشي از بارگذاري ديناميكي و وقوع كرنش هاي برشي سيكلي در مصالح ماسه اي است.   از طرفي، با مقايسه پاسخ جابه جايي جانبي براي نقاط چهارگانه در مدل با سختي ارتجاعي E=500MPa و در مدل با سختي ارتجاعي E=1000MPa، بازهم رفتار كلي مدل عددي، شاهد كاهش جابه جايي هاي نقطه C در بالادست تاج شيب است. در واقع نكته قابل برداشت از اين نتايج آن است، كه جابه جايي هاي لرزه اي جانبي شيب بيشتر از آن كه با افزايش سختي مصالح، كاهش پيدا كند، به طور غالب تحت تاثير دوري يا نزديكي نقاط به تاج شيب و قسمت شيب دار است. به گونه اي كه هر چه قدر نقاط مورد بررسي از تاج شيب فاصله بيشتري داشته باشند، بيشتر هم تحت تاثير افزايش سختي مصالح ماسه اي خشك قرار مي گيرند و از جابه جايي هاي لرزه اي وقوع يافته در آنها (به مقدار بيشتري) كاسته مي شود و هر چه قدر به تاج شيب و قسمت شيب دار نزديك تر باشند، تحت تاثير ناپايداري ذاتي هندسي شيب قرار مي گيرند و افزايش دو يا چند برابري سختي مصالح كمتر از موضوع اوليه ناپايداري شكل-هندسي شيب (در اثر رخداد بارگذاري لرزه اي جانبي) آنها را تحت تاثير قرار مي دهد. البته خاطرنشان مي گردد كه نكته مهم در خصوص تغيير سختي لايه خاك ماسه اي در حين بارگذاري هاي لرزه اي آنست كه با تغييرات سختي لايه خاك ماسه اي خشك در شيب، فركانس طبيعي ارتعاش آن نيز كه تاثير مستقيم بر بزرگنمايي يا تضعيف دامنه پاسخ هاي شتاب لرزه اي ناشي از امواج لرزه اي دارد، تغيير مي كند. به همين دليل است كه در زمان هاي آغاز و نزديك به پايان بارگذاري لرزه اي، اغلب مدل هاي عددي مختلف پاسخ هاي بزرگنمايي مختلفي بدست داده اند.   

   خاك‌هاي تورمي جزء خاك‌هاي مسئله‌دار هستند كه به‌طور وسيعي در سرتا سرجهان با آب‌وهواي مختلف از جمله ايران پراكنده ‌شده اند. در اينگونه از خاك‌ها تغييرات رطوبت، سبب تغييرحجم شديد و باعث آسيب و حتي خرابي سازه‌هاي واقع برروي آنها خواهد شد. يخبندان يكي از عوامل موثردر تغييرات رطوبت در مناطق سرد مي‌باشد و امروزه شناسايي و روش تثبيت جزء مسائل مهم در مهندسي ژئوتكنيك در مناطقي سرد (يخبندان فصلي) محسوب مي‌شود و همچنين در مناطق گرم خشك تغييرات رطوبت به‌علت تبخير در مناطق گرم بررسي رفتار خاك تورمي و روش تثبيت مناسب يك امر مهمي در دنيا مي‌باشد. به همين منظور هدف اصلي از تحقيق آزمايشگاهي مطالعه تأثير چرخه انجماد وذوب و سيكل تر و خشك بر روي چرخه انجماد وذوب بر خاك تورمي و خاك تورمي تبيت شده با سه ماده آهك، پودر متا و پودر آلفام مي‌باشد. و لذا براي دست يابي داده‌هاي اين تحقيق مجموعه از كار‌هاي آزمايشگاهي به شرح ذيل مد نظر مي‌باشد: 1- تثبيت خاك تورمي با آهك، پودر متا و پودر آلفا. 2- تاثير چرخه انجماد و ذوب بر پتانسيل تورم و پتانسيل فشار تورم و مقاومت فشار تك محوري (ucs) روي خاك تورمي تثبيت شده. 3-تاثير سيكل تر وخشك بر چرخه انجماد و ذوب روي خاك تورمي تثبيت‌شده.

In this study, aimed at improving the mechanical and rheological properties of pure bitumen (60-70), silicon oil (SO), which has suitable properties, and rice husk ash (RHA), an environmentally friendly waste material from rice production, were used. Different samples were prepared by mixing 2% silicone oil and 6%, 12%, 18%, and 24% rice husk ash with PG 22-64 bitumen. To evaluate the performance of the modified samples, tests such as penetration, softening point, ductility, rotational viscosity (RV), dynamic shear rheometer (DSR), and bending beam rheometer (BBR) were conducted on both modified and control samples.The results indicate that, with a constant 2% of silicone oil, increasing the percentage of rice husk ash raised the softening point and viscosity at temperatures of 120°C, 135°C, and 160°C. However, it also decreased the penetration and ductility compared to pure bitumen. According to the DSR results at high temperatures (58°C, 64°C, 70°C, and 76°C), all modified samples exhibited higher rutting resistance compared to pure bitumen, with the samples containing 18% and 24% ash and 2% silicone oil showing the highest increase in rutting resistance. DSR results at medium temperatures (16°C, 19°C, and 22°C) demonstrated that the samples with 6%, 12%, and 18% ash and 2% silicone oil had good resistance to cracking. Based on the BBR results at -22°C, all modified samples, except the one with 24% ash and 2% silicone oil, performed within the acceptable range and yielded satisfactory results.Summarizing the findings, the sample containing 2% silicone oil and 18% rice husk ash demonstrated good performance across high, medium, and low temperatures and is recommended as the optimal sample.

   This thesis presents the investigation, design, simulation, and fabrication of a compact Gysel power divider with a hybrid structure and wide pa  and. The primary objective of this research is to enhance the performance and reduce the size of the Gysel power divider by employing novel resonators and lumped elements. Rectangular and hairpin resonators were designed to create transmission zeros and improve impedance matching. These resonators are capable of generating six transmission zeros in their stopband, significantly improving filtering performance and unwanted frequency suppression. The circuit implementation utilized a substrate with the specifications of Rogers RT/Duroid 5880. The initial simulations of this circuit were conducted using the Advanced Design System (ADS) software. Simulation results indicated that the designed circuit exhibits very low return loss (S11) and adequate power transmission (S21) at the frequencies of 8.74 GHz and 9.23 GHz. Specifically, at these frequencies, S21 was measured to be -3.08 dB and -3.1 dB, respectively, while the return loss (S11) was -22.3 dB and -20.8 dB, respectively. Furthermore, the isolation (S32) was found to be less than -25 dB, demonstrating good signal separation between ports. These simulation and measurement results show good agreement and confirm the optimal performance of the circuit. Following the simulation phase, the designed Gysel power divider was practically fabricated and tested. The fabrication process included preparing the printed circuit board (PCB) mask, exposing and etching the board, and soldering the lumped elements. The practical measurement results closely matched the simulation results, validating the circuit's optimal performance in real-world conditions. One significant achievement of this research is the reduction of the circuit's size by 86% compared to the initial structure, highlighting a considerable advancement in circuit design and optimization. This dual-band power divider, with its optimized design and compact size, is suitable for various telecommunications, radar, and electronic systems that require precise and efficient power division. Recommendations for future work include further optimization of the pa  and width, the use of new materials with better dielectric properties, and examining the environmental and thermal effects on the circuit's performance. These advancements can further develop and enhance the technology of power dividers, improving the efficiency of telecommunications and radar systems. Given the results obtained, it is anticipated that these optimization and design methods will continue to be of interest and lead to further improvements in telecommunications and electronic equipment. This research offers an innovative and efficient solution, marking a significant step forward in developing advanced technologies in the field of telecommunications and electronics.

   Insert text here. Fatigue cracking is one of the main problems of asphalt pavements that affects the durability of the pavement. Self-healing ability is one of the factors that can lead to asphalt resistance against fatigue cracks caused by traffic loading and ultimately increase the fatigue life of asphalt pavement. Every year, a large part of road maintenance and repair costs are spent on fixing the damages caused by these cracks. Therefore, researchers are looking for ways to recognize and increase the use of self-healing capabilities to increase pavement life and reduce road maintenance costs. This research examines the effects of styrene-butadiene-styrene (  ) and carbon fibers (CF) on asphalt self-healing ability through the three-point bending test, and the effect of    and carbon fiber on the microwave heating process. Also, in this research, the temperature of the surface and inside of the asphalt samples has been investigated.   In line with this research, four types of asphalt samples were made, including asphalt without additives, asphalt with    additives, asphalt with CF additives, and asphalt with both    and CF additives. In this research, in order to evaluate and compare the self-healing in different asphalt samples, the ratio of secondary resistance to primary resistance is defined as healing index (HI). The results showed that carbon fibers cause a more uniform distribution of temperature and increase the heating speed of asphalt, but it has reduced the primary and secondary resistance of asphalt to a great extent compared to asphalt without additives.    improved the strength performance of asphalt samples to a great extent, so that the average initial flexural strength of samples made with    is about 180% of the average initial flexural strength of samples made without additives. Also,    decreased the average temperature of the surface and inside of the asphalt samples and made the temperature distribution weaker. These two additives did not increase the asphalt healing index compared to the asphalt without additives.   

Accordingly, in this research, 4% waste motor oil and 20, 15, 10, 5% calcium lignosulfonate were added to the bitumen. Then, in order to check the performance of the asphalt mixture at low temperatures, the fracture toughness test (at three temperatures), the middle temperature of the modulus of elasticity test and high temperature, a dynamic creep test was performed on asphalt samples. The results showed that the use of 15 and 20 percent calcium lignosulfonate along with 4 percent waste engine oil has the best performance at low and medium temperatures, and considering the results of the creep test Dynamically (high temperature), the best percentage of calcium lignosulfonate use was 15%.  

      Abstract Risky driving behavior is an important cause of physical, psychological, and financial injuries and is a major threat to public health. The present study aims to investigate the effects of psychological-social-economic pressures on risky driving behavior with the mediating role of resilience. This was a cross sectional design study, in which 219 male drivers aged 18-60 years were recruited from Khorramabad using sampling technique. The Socioeconomic status (SES) Questionnaire, DASS 21, CD-RISC-10, and Road Traffic Behaviours Questionnaire, were used. The analyses were performed using IBM    version 27 and SmartPLS 4 software. The model fit indices were good, SRMR = 0.05 and NFI = 95. The results obtained from structural equation modeling show a significant effect of socioeconomic status on risky driving behaviors (?=-0.199; T=3.04; P<.004), psychological status on risky driving behaviors (?=0.791; T=11.81; P<.001), psychological status on resilience (?=-0.255; T=2.26; P=.024), resilience on risky driving behaviors (?=-0.114; T=2.14; P<.033), and the non-significance of the effect of socioeconomic status on resilience (?=0.068; T=0.601; P=539) in the framework of the conceptual model of the present study.The findings of this study showed that resilience is a critical mechanism for improving residents’ sense of public health safety in drivers in Iran. Some certain guidance measures are provided to reduce public anxiety and fear while driving. Keywords

Purpose: Today, one of the most important problems of cities is the insufficiency of the tra  ortation system and urban traffic. With the expansion of the city of Ilam in the last few decades, the bus organization serves the citizens from the old stations with the same layout and number of buses, which has not been responsive and this has caused people to switch to private vehicles, which itself has led to traffic on the streets and There has been an increase in costs and waste of citizens' time, noise and air pollution, and an increase in fuel consumption, etc. According to the stated contents, in order to provide the best possible services to the citizens and save time and costs and to maximize the coverage of the public tra  ortation (bus) network, the placement of bus stations and the routing of inner-city buses are of special importance. The main purpose of the current research is to investigate and analyze the bus stations in the city and their proper location and routing based on the theory of the traveling salesman and the use of the genetic algorithm and the use of the SWOT technique (case example: Ilam city.( Research Methodology: This research is "applied" in terms of type and is descriptive-analytical in which library and field methods are used. In this research, first the information and data of the existing situation were examined, then Cochran's formula was used to obtain the size of the statistical population, and then the questionnaire was adjusted according to 5-point Likert and the validity and reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed through Cronbach's alpha and analyzed. An exploratory factor was carried out to obtain the factors, which had three output factors, then the questionnaires were analyzed through the SWOT technique, and using this technique, the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats were obtained and scored and weighted. The criteria for locating and routing bus stations have been achieved. Then, based on the theory of the traveling salesman, which is considered one of the NP-hard problems and is used for the vehicle routing problem, and while being the most difficult problem, it gives us the best answer, meta-heuristic algorithms have been used to solve it on a large scale. The genetic algorithm, which has a lower percentage of errors and has a better response, has been selected, and the appropriate routing of the bus stations in the city of Ilam has been done. Findings: The findings of this research showed that according to the exploratory factor analysis, there are three factors, and the findings showed that according to the SWOT technique, the inner city bus system of Ilam city has many weaknesses and threats, and the most important criteria that people have stated is that the stations Ilam's intra-city buses are not located in a suitable place and do not cover the entire city and routes, and the access of all people to the bus is not possible, and the routes on which the bus travels are not optimal and have maximum coverage. The waiting time of people is very long and the routes do not go back and forth at the same time and the number of buses is very few. Then the location of the stations was done, which was added to the number of existing stations, and finally based on the traveling salesman theory and new routing genetic algorithm, the number of buses was increased.

   The sharp decline in fossil fuels, as well as the increase in the emissions of harmful air pollutants and greenhouse gases from this burning, which also includes a large percentage of energy, have reduced the acceptance of these fuels. As a safe, renewable and non-toxic fuel, biodiesel is a good alternative to petroleum diesel. The study used cattle slaughterhouse fat waste as cheap raw materials to produce biodiesel fuel by homogeneous game Trans-sterification. From the design of experiments with the design expert software to the response level method (RSM) the effects related to temperature operating parameters, potassium hydroxide catalyst concentration and molecular ratio of methanol to oil were examined individually at three different levels. A total of 17 experiments were designed and conducted individually to investigate the effects of these parameters on reaction efficiency. The results obtained are confirmed by preparing the sample in the predicted conditions of the model. The highest yield related to the molecular ratio of methanol to oil was 6: 1, the catalyst concentration was 1.25% by weight of potassium hydroxide and the reaction temperature was 62 ° C with a reaction time of 1.5 hours of 8.97% by weight. There was a good match between the data from the experiments and the statistical model for the yield of biodiesel produced. The properties of biodiesel produced were determined by the quality in terms of fuel characteristics such as density, gravity, ignition point, sulfur value, humidity and combustion point, and were well matched by the use of EN and ASTM standards. The study shows that cattle slaughterhouse fat waste can be used as a raw material for the production of biodiesel by the Trans-sterification method with the catalyst of homogeneous play of potassium hydroxide and methanol solvent.

In recent decades, we have seen a rapid increase in population growth. For this reason, the high combination of social and economic activities in large urban areas has led to the emergence of different services and tra  ortation methods. Urban traffic congestion has become a challenge for cities around the world. Excessive delays, slow travel speeds, increased travel costs, increased driver anxiety and frustration, high fuel consumption, and air pollution are just a few of the consequences of traffic congestion. Traffic demand fluctuates significantly throughout the day, especially during peak traffic hours, which is one of the main causes of traffic congestion. The reduction of travel time when considered overall and at the network level shows very important results. One of the main ones is economic issues. Reducing travel time is a win-win equation for the user and the provider. The users are the passengers and users of the tra  ortation network of the cities, and this will reduce their costs for tra  ortation. On the other hand, when the travel time of the entire network is reduced and the number of traffic jams per day is reduced, the need to spend large amounts of money on improving road infrastructure and tra  ortation services will be reduced, which is economical. The savings will be enormous. This research was done with the aim of determining the impact of using the routing program on reducing the travel time of the entire network. For this purpose, Aimsun software was used and a part of Kermanshah city was modeled in this software. The percentage of 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 of the users who use the router program is defined and at the end the results for these five modes are compared. It has decreased by 25%.   

Currently, heavy machinery is used in the world to tra  ort and construct roads. To speed up the implementation of road construction, fabric concrete was investigated. One of the ways to speed up the implementation of asphalt is to use fabric concrete, which is easier to carry, higher transfer speed, and does not require a lot of time to gain strength, making fabric concrete more attractive than other methods and materials. In this research, using the software analysis method, it has been tried to investigate the effect of using fabric concrete on asphalt tensile strength and pavement strains. This research is expected to reduce the thickness of the asphalt layers, the base and sub-base and the use of fabric concrete, the cost and time of the projects will be reduced and it will also increase the tensile strength of the asphalt. On the other hand, this change will increase the pavement life and reduce Damages and settlement of the asphalt layer. Research methodology: In the current research, the analysis method is finite elements using ABAQUS software. Now we intend to reduce the thickness of the asphalt layer, base and sub-base by using fabric concrete reinforced with aramid fibers and adding it with asphalt. And increase the tensile strength of the asphalt pavement, which our modeling has been done using the available past articles and researches. In this research, we have made 8 pavement models, one without fabric concrete and four other models It is with fabric concrete with different thicknesses and three end models by reducing the thickness of the asphalt and removing one of the base and sub-base layers, and we compare the results and analyzes obtained from the Abaqus software with each other. Conclusion: According to the obtained results: with the addition of fabric concrete, the tensile strength of asphalt is increased and the thickness of the base and sub-base layers can be reduced, and the strains created in these layers experience a significant reduction. Reducing the strain and increasing the tensile strength of the layers has reduced the damage caused to the surface of the pavement and controls the settlement of the asphalt layer and has created roads with higher safety and less risk of accidents.   

   ABSTRACT    Since the nailed walls of the excavation are considered as permanent structures, its necessary to study and describe the creep behavior of the nailed wall. For this reason, it is necessary to investigate more the soils that have creep potential. Generally, soft clay soil or clay with a high plastic index show a greater tendency to creep than other soils, which has a negative effect on the stability of the excavated wall in the long term. For this reason, the use of nailing method in soft clay soils has certain sensitivities and the parameters of soft clay, the effect of various behavioral models and the effect of choosing the type of analysis (plastic or consolidation) should be investigated in order to have a correct understanding of the development of soil creep and long-term deformations.It should be mentioned that excavation stabilization by nailing method is one of the suitable and practical methods in most urban excavation , which can be effective as a scientific and practical method due to the lack of interference with the work environment (excavation area). It should be checked whether this method is effective in soft clay soils or not

   ريز شبكه يك شبكه محلي كوچك است كه   از چندين منابع توليد پراكنده و بار تشكيل شده است . از قابليت هاي ريز شبكه قابل كنترل بودن و تامين كننده توان الكتريكي مي باشد و به صورت اتصال به شبكه يا جدا از شبكه مورد استفاده قرار مي گيرد كه از مزايا ي اصلي آن افزايش كيفيت برق و قابليت اطمينان براي مصرف كنندگان مي باشد.يكي از مسائل مهمي كه در ريز شبكه ها از اهميت بالايي برخوردار است كيفيت ولتاژ به دليل افزايش بارهاي تكفاز كه از بارهاي نامتعادل هستند ميباشد.از عواملي كه در كيفيت ولتاژ متاثر است نامتعادلي ولتاژ مي باشد كه عوامل مختلف و متعددي دارد. دربخش اول اين پايان نامه عوامل ايجاد نامتعادلي ولتاژ و اثرات آن بر تجهيزات ريزشبكه شناسايي شده سپس به منظور بررسي ميزان نامتعادلي ولتاژ،استاندارد هاي پركاربرد وتعاريف متعددي از شاخص هاي نامتعادلي ولتاژ مورد توجه قرار مي گيرد.طرح پيشنهادي دراين پايان نامه به متعادل سازي ولتاژ وتحليل ريزشبكه هاي مبتني بر اينورتر مي پردازد.طرح كنترلي استفاده شده به منظور جبران سازي نامتعادلي ولتاژ ناشي از بارنامتعادل ،كنترل افتي مبتني بر فيلتر چند متغيره بهينه شده بوده كه مولفه ي مثبت ومنفي جريان را براي منابع ولتاژ مبتني بر اينورتر به هنگام بروز نامتعادلي در ريزشبكه استخراج مي كند. هدف اين طرح در واقع بهبود عملكرد سيستم كنترل افتي به عنوان قلب سيستم كنترل ريزشبكه جزيره اي تحت شرايط نامتعادلي ولتاژ مي باشد. بدين منظور فيلتر چند متغيره بهينه شده توسط الگوريتم هاي فراابتكاري بر روي سيستم كنترل افتي پياده سازي مي شود تا بتواند مولفه هاي مثبت و منفي حاصل از وجود نامتعادلي را به خوبي شناسايي و جدا سازي كند . با پياده سازي اين سيستم مي توان نوسانات ناشي از نامتعادلي ولتاژ را تا حد زيادي كاهش داد و پايداري سيستم را بهبود بخشيد. اين شبكه به منظور بررسي عملكرد سيستم كنترلي ارائه شده آن با وجود بار نامتعادل در فضاي سيمولينك نرم افزار متلب شبيه سازي شده است. در بخش دوم اين پايان نامه هارمونيك به عنوان مسئله اصلي كه بر كيفيت توان تأثير مي گذارد،مورد توجه قرار مي گيرد و طرح پيشنهادي به آشكارسازي هارمونيك مي پردازد.اين طرح كنترلي كوپل هاي نوساني ايجاد شده بين اجزاي هارمونيك را حذف ميكند.هدف اين طرح بهبودعملكرد كنترل كننده جريان و در نهايت بهبود عملكرد سيستم مي باشد.براي نشان دادن عملكرد موثر طرح پيشنهادي، در فضاي سيمولينك نرم افزار متلب شبيه سازي شده است. وازه هاي كليدي:ريزشبكه جزيره اي ، واحد هاي توليد پراكنده ، نامتعادلي ولتاژ، كنترل افتي ( دروپ) ، فيلتر چند متغيره ، آشكارسازي هارمونيك

Road accidents are considered as one of the most influential road hazards that have a direct and significant relationship with economy, culture and politics in any society. Road accidents in suburban roads depend on various factors, and accident reports and analyzes show the occurrence of severe accidents in two-lane roads, which, in addition to the severity of accidents, the number of accidents in such roads has been on the rise due to the increase in traffic. It is that this issue has been more tangible in mountainous and border areas. Therefore, considering the importance of accidents, the use of innovative and intelligent methods in the analysis of accidents can be the missing link in planning and paying attention to it in the studies of road construction and social culture for the benefit of each region. In this research, for prediction and 0.1526 and Kappa = 0.9093 for periodic decision tree algorithm, which was respectively the lowest error and the highest value among other used algorithms  

  In recent decades, the discussion regarding human activities in protecting or destroying the environment and preventing the phenomenon of global warming has caused the attention of scientists to be drawn towards technologies that are in this direction. Semi-warm asphalt is a technology that reduces the use of fossil fuels and the production of greenhouse gases by reducing the mixing temperature. It is also possible to protect the environment and reduce its pollution by reusing the wastes of other industries and recycled materials, while saving costs, by reducing industrial waste. Many studies have been conducted in the world to prevent the premature failure of the pavement system caused by moisture. In these studies, different materials were used to improve the functional properties of asphalt, and these materials can be used as bitumen additives or aggregate additives. Sometimes even some of these materials are added directly to the mixture being produced.In this research, it is focused on improving asphalt properties. Nowadays, due to the increase in the amount of traffic and the number of axles, the use of additives in asphalt concrete has become common. An effective additive in increasing the bearing capacity and improving the tensile strength of asphalt mixtures is the use of fibers. Fibers mainly contribute to the reinforcement of asphalt mixtures.Asphalt mixtures use fibers. Fibers mainly contribute to the reinforcement of asphalt mixtures.The results obtained from the Marshall resistance test showed that the addition of 0.3% of carpet fibers and 0.9% of 5-component fibers has the best results among the research samples. Also, the Marshall resistance value obtained for 5-component fibers is much higher than carpet fibers. According to the results of humidity sensitivity test and TSR parameter, it can be said that carpet fibers improve humidity sensitivity up to 0.6%. 5-component fibers also increase humidity sensitivity up to 0.9. According to the tensile modulus test, the use of 5-component fibers significantly increases the tensile modulus. The carpet fiber also increases up to 0.6% and after that it takes a steady and uniform trend. The results of the dynamic creep test showed that the use of more than 0.3% of carpet fibers reduces the dynamic creep and mental number. For 5-component fibers, due to the dissolution of the    part in the mixture, we have seen the growth of the mental number up to 0.9% of the fibers. The results of the indirect tensile test in wet and dry states showed that the addition of 5-component fibers increases the tensile strength in wet and dry conditions. Also, the addition of carpet fibers in the dry state increases tensile strength in all investigated percentages, but the indirect tensile strength increases up to 0.6 percent of carpet fibers and decreases from 0.6 to 0.9.

   پيشرفت در صنعت ساخت و افزايش ميل مردم به سكونت در مراكز متراكم شهري ، همواره مهندسين را به سمت ساخت     سازه هايي با حداكثر زير بناي مفيد سوق داده است كه اين كار تنها با افزايش طبقات روسازه و زير سازه امكان پذير خواهد شد . روش نوظهور ساخت سازه از بالا به پايين[1] به دو صورت متداول جهاني و رايج در ايران در حال توسعه مي باشد كه اختلاف عمده آن در شيوه اجراي ديوار حائل پيراموني است . در اين پايان نامه با مدل سازي يك سازه مناسب به دو شيوه نام برده شده به صورت محاسبات عددي و روش اجزاي محدود ، در برنامه پلكسيس سه بعدي[2] ، بررسي هاي لازم پيرامون ايمن بودن و اختلاف در مقدار تغيير شكل ديواره گود به دو روش رايج در ايران و متداول جهاني صورت گرفته است . از نتايج حاصل برداشت شد كه جابجايي ديواره گود در سازه هاي ساخته شده به روش   نام برده شده رايج در ايران بيشتر از سازه هاي ساخته شده به روش متداول جهاني مي باشد و اين اختلاف در همه مراحل گود برداري و تمام تراز هاي منفي ( زير سطح زمين ) پا برجاست . با تغيير نوع خاك از درشت دانه به ريز دانه تر مي توان متوجه اين نكته شد كه اين اختلاف براي خاك هاي ريز دانه كمتر و براي خاك هاي درشت دانه بيشتر مي باشد   . براي تمام مدل ها مي توان گفت جابجايي ديواره گودبرداري شده براي روش ايراني تقريبا در حدود مجاز آيين نامه هاي معتبر و مبحث هفتم مقررات ملي ساختمان مي باشد اما به دليل نزديك بودن به حدود مجاز مي توان جهت افزايش ايمني از تمهيداتي همچون افزايش ضخامت ديوار حائل اجرا شده استفاده كرد . لازم به ذكر است ساير تغيير شكل هاي محتمل نظير نشست در زمين هاي اطراف و نشست قائم ديوار حائل اجرا شده به روش رايج در ايران بيشتر از روش متداول جهاني بوده كه به دليل حاشيه امن و فاصله زيادي كه از مقادير مجاز ايين نامه اي خود دارند ، اين اختلاف قابل چشم پوشي و ناديده گرفتن است .    [1] Top-down construction [2] Plaxis 3D

  This research aimed to investigate the effect of graphene oxide on rheological properties of recycled vegetable oil-modified bitumen. Graphene oxide was added to pure bitumen PG 64-22 mixed with recycled vegetable oil in different concentrations of 0%, 0.3%, 0.6%, and 1%. Then, the rheological properties of the mixtures, including viscosity parameters, softening point, penetration, dynamic shear rheometer (DSR) test, direct tension test, and flexural beam rheometer (BBR) test were examined using laboratory tests. The results of the tests showed that adding graphene oxide to recycled vegetable oil-modified bitumen had a positive effect on its rheological properties. Based on the results, it can be concluded that graphene oxide can be used as an effective additive in improving the rheological properties of recycled vegetable oil-modified bitumen. Therefore, improving the rheological properties of recycled vegetable oil-modified bitumen using graphene oxide is proposed as a sustainable and economical method for improving the performance and durability of road paving.

   Due to the growing use of the tunnels and underground structures, and the high importance of these structures, the methods of supporting and maintaining the stability of them have also grown into a high importance subject. One of the usual methods for supporting tunnels is using shotcrete in the walls and crown of the tunnel in order to reduce the displacements which are caused by surrounding rocks. this study focuses on investigating plastic concrete as a flexible layer in the walls and crown of the tunnel. It is expected that using plastic concrete as a flexible layer could reduce some of the displacements caused by surrounding rocks and thus have a positive effect on the stability and seismic performance of the tunnel. This concentrates on the effects of using the plastic concrete as a flexible layer around the tunnel on the stability and seismic behavior of the tunnel by modelling a tunnel in the ABAQUS and comparison the results of the two different conditions, one with the plastic concrete and the other one without the plastic concrete. The results of this research shows 14.76 percent raise in bearing capacity of the tunnel when using plastic concrete and also a 17.76 percent raise in energy absorption. Studying the results from the dynamic analysis of the model shows that by using plastic concrete the displacement and acceleration of the tunnel will reduce by 33.48 and 19.75 percent respectively. By comparison the results of the stress produced in the body of tunnel in two conditions we can see that the plastic concrete layer causes a 36.91 percent reduction in stress level and also the strain will reduce by 22.14 percent as well. As it is illustrated by results, the plastic concrete causes a better performance in seismic behavior of the tunnel and also provides a better condition for its stability. Key words: tunnel, soft rock mass, flexible support, plastic concrete, seismic behavior

Abstract: The ever-increasing population growth in megacities has changed human lifestyle and the need to create high-rise buildings for optimal use of urban land has increased. Therefore, many deep and semi-deep excavations are carried out in these cities. In some areas, the presence of surface and subsurface water in the area of excavation operations causes issues and problems for the implementation of the project, each of which requires the investigation of all aspects affecting the stability and deformation of the pit. The most important forces that cause the instability of pit walls in urban areas with high groundwater levels are (1) gravitational force (2) water leakage force. The presence of water flow around the pit restrained by the nailing system can cause destruction of the pit or damage to nearby buildings. Therefore, one of the practical and economic solutions to create stability in the restrained pit wall is to lower the underground water level to the extent of the excavation stages. This is despite the fact that each excavation operation and reduction of the underground water level alone causes a change in the state of tensions in the soil and can lead to large deformations in the wall and subsidence of the ground around the pit. In this research, with Plexis, Midas and Geostudio software, the step-by-step excavation operation of a pit under the influence of underground water was modeled, and by using the finite element analysis of the stresses in the soil, the deformation of the wall, the bottom of the pit, and the soil affected by the excavation operation. And we have calculated and investigated the forces entering the Niles. According to the findings of the research, the higher the underground water level, the changes in the walls, bottom of the pit and the surrounding ground, the force acting on the Niles increases, the safety factor of the stability of the pit wall decreases. The output of Plexis software differs by up to 50% from Geostudio and Midas, but the process of groundwater impact on pit stability and deformations is the same. Using the hardening behavior and the small strain hardening behavior have almost the same output. The amount of output in Good simulation models with Mohr-Columb behavior pattern is 50% of the output of the same model with hardenable and small strain hardening behavior patterns. And the previous findings regarding the weakness of the Mohr-Columb behavior model were also proven in this research.   

  The main factors in accidents include three factors: human, vehicle and road. In all accidents, there is error and disorder in one of the three mentioned factors. Human factors play a very important role in accidents and are the most important factors in accidents. Personality traits can affect risky driving behavior and people's perception of health and risk. The current research is correlational with regard to the purpose, application and method of execution, with the general goal of investigating and explaining the predictive role of neurotic personality traits. , excitement seeking and self-esteem were conducted with the mediation of emotion regulation in risky driving behavior in drivers of passenger vehicles in Kermanshah city. The statistical population of the present study included all the drivers of passenger vehicles in the city of Kermanshah, using Cochran's formula, 384 drivers were selected as the sample of the study using the available sampling method, and using Zuckerman's sensation seeking questionnaires (1978), Rosenberg's self-esteem scale (1965), Neo's 5 personality factor test, Manchester driving behavior questionnaire (1990) and Gross emotion regulation questionnaire were measured, and the relationships between research variables were also measured using the structural equation model test and    and amos software. was investigated and the following results were obtained: there is a positive and significant relationship between excitement seeking and risky driving behaviors, there is a positive and significant relationship between neuroticism and risky driving behaviors, there is a significant relationship between self-esteem and risky driving behaviors It doesn't exist, and the emotion regulation component had a significant mediating role between the variables. In general, people with higher neuroticism and excitement showed more risky driving behaviors, but the self-esteem component did not have much effect on risky driving behaviors in people.

Abstract The term cryptocurrency is an emerging topic in today's world, which has created a revolution in our vision in the field of investment and has caused changes in the world's financial systems. Cryptocurrency is a digital currency that uses blockchain technology with secure encryption. Every change can have advantages and disadvantages, cryptocurrencies are no exception to this rule, and along with their advantages, they can also have disadvantages for the economy of any society, so that due to the decentralization of these currencies, traditional monetary systems and the capital market of each They can influence a society. Therefore, due to the importance of the issue, the need to understand public opinion and analyze people's opinions in this regard increases. To understand the opinions and views of people about different topics, you can take help from social networks because they are a rich source of opinions. The Twitter social network is one of the main platforms where users discuss various topics, therefore, in the shortest time and with the lowest cost, the opinion of the community can be measured on this social network. Twitter Sentiment Analysis (TSA) is a field that analyzes the sentiment expressed in tweets. Considering that most of TSA's research efforts on cryptocurrencies are focused on English language, the purpose of this research is to investigate the opinions of Iranian users on the Twitter social network about cryptocurrencies and provide the best model for >  

بيماري‌هاي ريه داراي آمار بالاي مرگ و مير در جهان هستند. دراين‌ميان آسم به عنوان شايع‌ترين بيماري شناخته‌مي‌شود و طبق گزارشات در سال ???? بيش از ?? ميليون نفر در آمريكا مبتلا به آسم بوده‌اند. بسياري از روش‌هاي درماني بيماري‌هاي ريوي و همچنين برخي بيماري‌ها، استنشاقي مي‌باشند، بنابراين شناخت رفتار ذرات استنشاقي (آلودگي‌ها و ذرات دارويي) همراه هوا درون مجاري تنفسي امري ضروري است. در مطالعه حاضر چهار نسل از ريه يك خانم ?? ساله سالم و غير سيگاري از تصاوير پزشكي سي تي اسكن استخراج شد. هندسه به 7 ناحيه تقسيم شد، سپس توسط شبكه بي‌سازمان با روش هموارسازي و با سلول‌هاي چندوجهي جهت حل عددي شبكه‌بندي گرديد. جهت شبكه‌بندي، ابتدا هندسه وارد محيط نرم‌افزار اسپيس‌كليم شده و در آن‌جا يكپارچه‌سازي هندسه انجام شد. سپس با استفاده از قابليت توپولوژي مجازي محيط انسيس مشينگ ، صفحات انتخاب شده و با گزينه تركيب سلول، تلفيق صفحات جهت ورود به محيط فلوئنت مشينگ انجام‌شد. سپس به وسيله استقلال حل از شبكه، شبكه مناسب انتخاب شد. از مدل آشفتگي k-?   براي شبيه‌سازي جريان آرام تا آشفته استفاده‌گرديد. ذرات با ديدگاه لاگرانژي و با استفاده از مدل فاز گسسته به ناحيه محاسباتي تزريق شد و مسيريابي و مدل‌سازي الگوي نشست در نواحي مختلف انجام شد. بر روي ساختار جريان در مجاري تنفسي براي نرخ‌هاي جريان مختلف و اثرات پديده‌هاي مختلف به‌وجودآمده در اين مجاري بر روي نشست ذرات بحث گرديد. الگوي نشست ذرات براي نرخ‌هاي مختلف جريان، به صورت منطقه‌اي و كلي به‌دست‌آمد و اثر نرخ جريان، اندازه و شكل ذرات بر ميزان نشست بررسي شد و در نهايت با استفاده از بهينه‌سازي و بهره‌گيري از روش پاسخ سطح و الگوريتم ژنتيك، حالت بهينه براي كمينه و بيشينه نشست ذرات در ناحيه درخت برونش به‌دست‌آمد. راندمان نشست بر حسب پارامتر برخورد نشان داد كه در تمامي نواحي مدل از جمله دهان- گلو، ناي و درخت برونشي، برخورد اينرسي نقش مهمي در نشست ذرات دارد. تحليل ساختار جريان سيال در مدل هندسه نشان داد كه جريان برگشتي، تشكيل گردابه و جت حنجره همگي بر ساختار جريان هوا و الگوي نشست ذرات اثرگذار هستند. ناحيه دهان-گلو داراي بيشترين كسر نشست به ازاي نرخ‌هاي جريان مختلف است. نتايج نشان داد كه تزريق به دو صورت تك ذره و استفاده از تابع توزيع بر ميزان نشست ذرات اثرگذار است. همچنين افزايش قطر ذرات باعث تغيير الگوي نشست ذرات شده و كسر نشست در ناحيه دهان-گلو افزايش يافت و شكل ذرات با اثرگذاري بر روي ضريب پسا، موجب تغيير الگوي نشست ذرات گرديد. از جمله نتايج ديگر اين بود كه بيشترين كسر نشست مربوط به ذرات كروي است. بررسي همزمان اثر قطر، شكل ذرات و سرعت ذرات و آناليز حساسيت نشان داد كه قطر با تاثير 60%، موثرترين پارامتر بر ميزان نشست ذرات است و پس از آن، ضريب شكل و سرعت قرار مي‌گيرند. در نهايت پيش‌بيني الگوريتم ژنتيك، بيشينه نشست ذرات در ناحيه درخت برونش را، 17% گزارش‌كرد، درحالي‌كه براساس نتايج عددي بيشينه نشست ذرات در ناحيه درخت برونش 20% گزارش شد. همچنين كمينه نشست ذرات توسط الگوريتم ژنتيك در ناحيه درخت برونش، 2/0 % گزارش گرديد، درحالي‌كه براساس نتايج عددي كمينه نشست ذرات در اين ناحيه، 24/0 % گزارش‌شد.   

Due to their favorable biocompatible properties, titanium and its alloys are used as popular raw materials for making all kinds of implants. Therefore, the efficiency of the implant is always being developed in order to better adapt to the biological tissue and increase its retention time in the place of cultivation, in different ways that lead to the creation of an oxide layer on the surface. The aim of this research is to investigate the biocompatibility of titanium in different morphologies obtained from anodizing in alkaline and acidic electrolytes.  

   In the process of additive manufacturing of metals, the ability to predict and control the microstructure can reduce the need for subsequent heat treatment. In this research, the numerical simulation of the additive manufacturing process of 316L stainless steel was studied. The ability to predict and control the microstructure of materials in selective laser melting (SLM) requires understanding the thermal conditions during the solidification process. In this research, process parameters were selected with transient thermal characteristics, i.e. temperature and cooling rate. The relationship between the cooling rate and the temperature gradient during local freezing, and the control parameters of the laser selective melting process were investigated, which were the control parameters of the laser scanning speed and the thickness of the powder layer. Also, solidification parameters, namely thermal gradient (G) and solidification rate (R) were investigated to predict the microstructure. In this project, the cooling rate and thermal gradient during solidification were calculated numerically by solving the relevant heat transfer equation using the finite element method in Comsol software, and then the results included the solidification parameters mentioned on the solidification map of 316L stainless steel alloy to predict the solidification microstructure. was imaged The results of this research (obtained using simulation) showed that the microstructure of 316L stainless steel produced by the selective laser melting (SLM) process will be columnar or cellular dendrites. Also, it was found that high laser scanning speed (i.e. speed of 1000 mm/s) leads to finer microstructure. Furthermore, the values of G × R increase from the bottom to the top of the melt pool geometry, leading to a finer structure in the top region. But the values of G/R decrease from the bottom to the top of the molten pool geometry. Also, in this research, it was found that the greater the thickness of the powder in each layer, the lower scanning speed should be used so that the laser heat flux can melt the powder and the sub-layer completely. By increasing the laser scanning speed from 200 to 1000 mm/s, the width decreases from 85 microns to 58 microns and the depth of the molten pool decreases from 23 to 13 microns, but the length of the pool increases from 93 to 97 microns.

   Abstract One of the global concerns is the increase in the temperature of the earth due to the increase in the distribution of greenhouse gases, carbon dioxide as one of the greenhouse gases has a major contribution to the increase in the temperature of the earth and due to its corrosive nature, especially in the presence of water vapor, it should be removed from the natural gases in the pipeline. and remove the output equipment from refineries, petrochemicals and/or factory chimneys. Among the different separation methods, membrane processes are suitable processes due to their low operating cost, compatibility with the environment, high efficiency, less area, less mechanical complexity, ease of construction/start-up of the continuous unit. In this research, Pebax 1657 polymer was used as a polymer matrix and graphene oxide as a base filler to deposit zinc metal cations to create a facilitated transfer mechanism to the base membrane mechanism for CO2 percolation over CH4. Pure polymer membranes and nanocomposite with a concentration of Wt. 8% and solution casting method were made and their gas transfer properties were evaluated. Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM) and EDX tests were used to check the morphological structure and also, Infrared Spectrometer (FTIR) test was used to check the type of bonding and functional groups that appeared in the structure. Inserting the oxide graphene sheets into the polymer matrix made the gas diffusion path longer and more tortuous and caused a decrease in permeability and an increase in the selectivity of gases in it. To compensate for the reduced permeability, polyethylene glycol was used to modify graphene oxide, but it did not have a significant effect on the passage of large gas molecules such as CH4. FESEM images showed the adhesion and dispersion of nanoparticles and the results of EDX test showed the weight percentage of zinc element in Pebax-DP-Zn2+ nanoparticles. Also, the FTIR test confirmed the successful bonding between polyethylene glycol and zinc chloride with graphene oxide. By modifying the surface of graphene oxide by dopamine and placing Zn2+ cations as an agent facilitating the transfer of CO2 molecules on graphene oxide, their transfer was improved by a facilitated transfer mechanism. The performance of membranes in gas separation was investigated using pure CO2 and CH4 gases at a pressure of 5 bar and a temperature of 25 ± 2°C. in Pebax-GO-PEG membrane with loading wt. 0.5% of graphene oxide nanosheets increased the permeability and selectivity by 5% and 9%, respectively, compared to the pure membrane. These changes for Pebax-GO-DP-Zn2+ membrane with wt. 1% filler increased the permeability and selectivity compared to pure membrane by 24% and 8%, respectively.    Key words: nanocomposite membrane, graphene oxide, facilitated tra  ort, permeability, carbon dioxide.

  چكيده :   با توجه به توسعه شهرها و افزايش تراكم جمعيت در ساليان اخير تعداد طبقات زير زمين و عمق گودبرداري افزايش يافته است.وبه دليل انجام گودبرداري هاي غيراصولي در موارد متعددي شاهد فروريختن ديواره هاي گود و يا ساختمان هاي جانبي مي باشيم بنابراين نيازمند پايداري ديوارهاي گودبرداري مي باشد.اما اين كار مشكلات ويژه اي دارد كه هزينه هاي بالاي اجراي سيستم هاي پايداري مهندسان را به سمت ميخ گذاري سوق داده است.در اكثر تحقيقات صورت گرفته بررسي و تحليل عنصرهاي پايدارسازي گود با فرض در نظر گرفتن لايه هاي افقي خاك بوده است اما در واقعيت لايه هاي خاك ممكن است مورب نيز باشند و همچنين خاك داراي چندين لايه مختلف باشد .هدف ازاين تحقيق بررسي تاثير شيب لايه بندي خاك بر روي عملكرد ميخ ها مي باشد كه سعي خواهد شد با در نظر گرفتن آرايش ميخ ها و وجود لايه بندي مختلف خاك و تاثير آن بر روي فاصله و زاويه ميخ ها و هم چنين تاثير مقاومت لايه ها بر روي ميخ ها بررسي گردد كه در نهايت منجر به كنترل تغيير شكل ديواره گود به طور بهينه خواهد شد و ضريب اطمينان مجاز براي اين نوع مسائل بدست خواهد آمد.  يكي از نرم افزارهاي پركاربرد جهت مدلسازي ديوارهاي ميخكوبي شده نرم افزار plaxis مي باشد. در اين نرم افزار   مـي توان از مدل هاي رفتاري متفاوتي از قبيلمدل موركولمب, خاك سـخت شـونده و خـاك سـخت شـونده بـا احتسـاب افزايش سختي در كرنش هاي كوچك استفاده نمود كه نمايان گـر رفتارهـاي متفـاوتي بـراي مصـالح خـاك محـيط مـي باشند. هدف اصلي اين پايان نامه بررسي و مقايسه اين مدل ها, مزايا و معايب آنها بـه نسـبت يكـديگر و همچنـين بررسـي تاثير پارامترهاي متفاوت اين مدل ها بر روي اط?عات خروجي حاصل از مدلسازي مي باشد.  در اين پايان نامه، در ابتداي امر تاريخچه كلي از اجراي سازه نگهبان گفته مي شود و پس از بررسـيكليـات روش مـيخ كوبي, چگونگي اجراي آن و همچنين انواع مدل هاي رفتاري خاك و آئيننامه FHWA پرداخته شده اسـت. در ادامـه به معرفي نرم افزار هاي PLAXIS و MIDAS GTS NX و همچنين به صحتسـنجي نـرم افـزار Plaxis پرداختـه شـده است. در اصلي ترين بخش اين پايان نامه به مدلسازي يك خاك مشخص با مدل هاي رفتاري متفاوتي پرداختـه شـده و بـه مقايسه اين مدل ها و در نهايت بررسي تاثير پارامترهاي مختلف مدل ها پرداخته مي شود.  واژگان كليـدي: ميخ كوبي خاك- پايدار سازي گود – لايه بندي خاك – مدلسازي عددي - گودبرداري

One of the most important challenges of the current century is the issue of energy and environmental changes caused by the use of fossil fuels. Also, nowadays, due to the excessive growth of the population and the consequent lack of land, the issue of high-rise construction in architecture is raised more and more. However, high-rise construction, in addition to responding to the lack of land, is also a factor in reducing green space and environmental pollution.  Therefore, the advancement of technology has led to the use of clean and renewable energies such as solar energy. which is a suitable solution to reduce energy in the building sector. The geographical location of Iran has also made it possible to receive significant solar energy. Therefore, in this thesis, in order to design a residential commercial garden tower with the aim of benefiting from solar radiation in Isfahan, the two-stage descriptive, analytical and energy simulation research method has been used.  First, the climate of Isfahan is analyzed and the climate design solutions are identified. In the next step, five forms and concepts are designed based on the preliminary analysis and after modeling, the amount of their radiation energy in different months of the year is calculated and analyzed. Then, based on that, the best form in terms of receiving optimal radiation is selected and designed and presented in the next steps.  

Unsaturated polyester resin is widely used in the composite industry. Addition of particles to unsaturated polyester resin improves thermal, physical-mechanical properties.The use of particles such as graphene, due to its special properties, is widely used in a variety of composites as a resisting and reinforcing agent. In this research, different particles such as graphene, graphene oxide and alumina in different weight percentages have been used to investigate the changes in thermal and physical-mechanical properties of polyunsaturated resin. According to studies, graphene, graphene oxide and alumina have had positive effects on the properties of resins.Thermal conductivity was obtained for samples with different weight percentages containing magnetic graphene oxide, magnetic graphene and alumina.The thermal conductivity of the samples in the cooked state and fully networked in different fluxes (1.024, 2.07, 3.024) watts has been investigated. It was observed that by adding a small amount of particles, the thermal conductivity increases compared to pure resin. It has also been shown that with the addition of magnetic oxide graphene, magnetic graphene and alumina, the thermal conductivity has also increased.The rate of increase in thermal conductivity varies depending on the amount of particles added to the resin. But the highest increase in thermal conductivity is related to magnetic graphene oxide 0.3%. The results obtained from DMA test showed that by adding particles to unsaturated polyester resin due to gravitational interactions between the resin surface functional group and OH functional group on the surface of magnetic graphene and magnetic graphene and thus creating a covalent bond. Strong modulus of storage increased compared to pure resin The first chapter introduces the structure of unsaturated polyester resin and the structure of the particles used and their properties.In the second chapter, according to previous studies, reports on mechanical and thermal properties are presented. Chapter 3 describes the synthesis of graphene oxide, how to convert graphene oxide to graphene, the synthesis of iron and how the particles are magnetized, as well as the tests performed. In the fourth chapter, the results of thermal test and DMA are analyzed in general.

  self-healing is related to the repair of cracks due to loading and it can be considered as a reversible fatigue phenomenon. Asphalt mix is ??a self-healing material and has the ability to automatically repair damage when exposed to rest periods. This phenomenon depends on various factors such as temperature, rest time, crack width and bitumen and asphalt properties. The rate of repair at ambient temperature, especially at low temperatures, is slow and the flow of traffic on the road can not be blocked to achieve sufficient repair. On the other hand, self-healing of asphalt concrete is significantly dependent on temperature and when the pavement is exposed to higher temperatures, the amount of repair also increases. Self-healing has been studied in two areas of rejuvenation and rapid heating Is. To investigate the effects of temperature on self-healing, we are looking for the best and most economical means and method for generating heat in the asphalt mixture. Among the heating methods, we can mention heating by electromagnetic waves and microwave. Microwaves raise the internal temperature of the asphalt in a short time, which helps in self-healing. There are several methods for evaluating the quality and quantity of self-healing, such as fatigue-based tests, rupture-based tests, and non-destructive tests. In this study, the behavior of graphite nitride carbon additives and polyaniline nanofibers on nanosilica-modified hot asphalt self-healing was investigated by three-point bending test. First, the flexural strength of the samples was obtained by a three-point bending device, then the samples were repaired by heating by a microwave device for 24 hours, then the degree of improvement was determined. In evaluating the self-healing process in the hot asphalt mixture modified with nanosilica, the analysis of the results showed that by adding nanosilica, the negative effect of zeolite on the self-healing asphalt used to produce hot asphalt is compensated and the self-healing rate of asphalt increases. On the other hand, two additives of graphite nitride carbon and polyanylene nanofibers have a positive effect on self-healing and even improve the self-healing of asphalt mixture up to 80%.

  The stabilization of the slope isone of the most important issues in geotechnical engineering. Theoccurrence of instability and slip in the natural and artificial slopes is oneof the phenomena that occur in many parts of the world in many cases. The slopefailure can occur due to natural factors such as soil mass weight and rainfalleffects or due to dynamic factors such as earthquakes. Stabilization of theslopes is done using various methods such as reinforcement with piles andanchors, and therefore the analysis of slope stability and determining the bestplace to install piles or anchors in it is one of the serious challenges ingeotechnical engineering. In this research, the optimal location for pileinstallation and the best anchor installation angle on soil slopes areinvestigated using strain field and shear stresses, which is a new work. Theamount of factor of safety is determined using the limit equilibrium method andthe strain field and shear stress are determined using the finite elementmethod. The benchmark used in the analyze is the Mohr Columb benchmark. Theresults showed that installing the pile in the field of zero strains or theminimum amount of strain results in the highest amount of factor of safety. Theresults also showed that the anchor installation in the field of minimum shearstresses and strains leads to the highest amount of factor of safety in theslope so that the anchor can use its maximum tensile capacity. The bestinstallation angle of the anchor relative to the horizon axis is about 5 to 15degrees. The results of this research are compared with the results of theprevious technical literature, which are in good agreement with each other.Considering the field of strains and shear stresses on soil slopes can providemore confidence for its stabilization.The stabilization of the slope isone of the most important issues in geotechnical engineering. Theoccurrence of instability and slip in the natural and artificial slopes is oneof the phenomena that occur in many parts of the world in many cases. The slopefailure can occur due to natural factors such as soil mass weight and rainfalleffects or due to dynamic factors such as earthquakes. Stabilization of theslopes is done using various methods such as reinforcement with piles andanchors, and therefore the analysis of slope stability and determining the bestplace to install piles or anchors in it is one of the serious challenges ingeotechnical engineering. In this research, the optimal location for pileinstallation and the best anchor installation angle on soil slopes areinvestigated using strain field and shear stresses, which is a new work. Theamount of factor of safety is determined using the limit equilibrium method andthe strain field and shear stress are determined using the finite elementmethod. The benchmark used in the analyze is the Mohr Columb benchmark. Theresults showed that installing the pile in the field of zero strains or theminimum amount of strain results in the highest amount of factor of safety. Theresults also showed that the anchor installation in the field of minimum shearstresses and strains leads to the highest amount of factor of safety in theslope so that the anchor can use its maximum tensile capacity. The bestinstallation angle of the anchor relative to the horizon axis is about 5 to 15degrees. The results of this research are compared with the results of theprevious technical literature, which are in good agreement with each other.Considering the field of strains and shear stresses on soil slopes can providemore confidence for its stabilization.

Today, due to the expansion of cities and the value of time, the need for quality tra  ortation is one of the most important human needs. Among the mandatory daily trips that are of great importance are business and study trips to university. Despite the impact of university trips on urban tra  ortation and traffic in the neighborhoods around the university, planning to improve its quality has received less attention from experts in the field of tra  ortation and traffic. Identifying the models of vehicle selection and the factors affecting it is one of the most important things that can help planners in this field to make appropriate decisions to improve the quality of traffic of citizens, especially the academic community. The main purpose of this study is to model the vehicle selection of Razi University members in Kermanshah in daily trips to the university. In addition, finding solutions to increase the tendency of university members to use non-motorized tra  ortation methods is one of the most important goals of the present study. For this purpose, the effect of different demographic, socio-economic variables of the means of travel on the travel method of university members was evaluated. Also, the attitude of individuals towards using a personal car and evaluating incentives and deterrents to change the way of traveling to public tra  ortation and dynamic tra  ortation were studied. In this regard, a questionnaire was used to collect the required data. In this questionnaire, which was provided to Razi University members online, the options of selected vehicles for traveling to the university, including private cars, buses, university services, taxis (line, telephone and internet), traveling with friends and family, motorcycles, It was cycling and walking. Due to the discretization of the dependent variable, the modeling of the device was performed using dual-logit, multiple-logit and backup vector discrete-selection models. According to the analysis for multiple mode, the most effective factors on the model of vehicle selection include available vehicle, distance from residence to university, being in Kermanshah and having a driver's license, and for the binary response variable, whether or not to use Public tra  ortation was defined, access to a private car, the use of buses in ideal conditions and the distance from the residence to the university were the most influential factors on the models of choosing the means of travel.   

  The amount of text that is produced every day increases dramatically. Therefore, efficient and effective techniques and algorithms are needed to discover useful patterns. With the pervasiveness of social networks in recent years, despite their positive applications, spreading rumors has become easier and more common. Rumors are a security challenge on social media, as a malicious node can easily discredit or isolate its goals by spreading a rumor. Therefore, detecting rumors is an important challenge in soft security mechanisms such as trust and reputation. In this study, we used the machine learning approach of the LSTM deep learning model and deep neural network to simplify feature extraction and create a strong ability to learn, and automatically detect features compared to traditional machine learning methods. LSTM neural network Due to its special architecture, it is very suitable for working with sequential data, especially textual data. But the performance of this network is highly dependent on the regulation of its hyperparameters, so a new approach to improve the result using a genetic algorithm to regulate the hyperparameters of the deep neural network is proposed. The standard genetic algorithm has its own problems, including the speed of convergence in this algorithm. In this study, we have solved this problem by adjusting and formulating the rate of algorithm processes based on two criteria of suitability and diversity, and we have reached a detection accuracy of 0.93%. ام.

In this research, the efficiency of simultaneous adsorption/photocatalyst system in the color decomposition and removal has been investigated. The composite from of MCM-22 zeolite, titanium dioxide and cerium metal nanoparticles and curcumin natural compound has been used. TiO2 nanoparticle has been layered by the reaction of the zeolite and titanium butoxide solution and then, the cerium metal was fixed on it using cerium nitrate salt. The photocatalyst reactor has been slurry type and the experiments were conducted in the presence of visible light using xenon lamp. Morphology and chemical analyses were investigated using FESEM, FT-IR, XRD, DRS, PL, Zeta potential and TGA. The efficiency of this system was evaluated by considering the operating conditions including cerium metal concentration, photocatalyst loading, initial contaminant concentration and pH of the contaminant solution on the contaminant degradation reaction rate of the contaminant and the total contaminant loading raduction of the solution, and basad on this result, the optimum conditions were obtained. Furthermore, the performance of the simultaneous process system in methylene blue dye removal was compared with the individual adsorption and photocatalytic process. By using the spectrophotometry method, the maximum dye removal was obtained in the feed concentration of 5 ppm, the photocatalyst concentration of   2.5 g / L and   H=11. Finally, the dye removal results were 11, 32 and 96%   in the photocatalyst   rocess, the adsorption process, and the simultaneous adsorption / photocatalyst system, respectively.

   In this study an experiment has been done for assessment of Mersad's park soil swelling and presenting a suitable method to settle it. According to the importance and profits of this project and external observations of the town's soil and reports related to crack, swelling during the absorption of humidity, soil shrinkage, created problems in access and substructural ways of this town we decided to recognize geotechnique specification of its soil by physical, mechanical, chemical and mineralogy experiments and quality predicting swelling methods (indirect such as chen,USBR and…)and standard method ASTM 04546 by A method with odometer machanism (direct method) to proceed swelling potential assessment, swelling pressure, settlement of soil. In this study in addition to the assessment of mentioned parameters, effects of humidity percent, special dry unit weight and disturbance of samples on swelling potential,swelling pressure and considering total settlements in samples have been a assessed. The following considering of different reclaim methods for this soil and propriety of lime and cement stabilization of these two matter in different pecents and their effect on quantitative parameters like; swelling potential, swelling pressure, settlement, atterberg limits and considering fabric of soil samples before and after the stabilization with electronic microscope(SEM) have been preceded. By using indirect methods, soil in death of 2 meters has the high and very high swelling intensity. Indirect assessment method, soil swelling intensity is affected by an initial humidity, dry unit weight and disturbance factor. By increasing initial humidity and decreasing dry unit weight the swelling potential and swelling pressure will decrease and so ever we have deduction of an initial humidity and accretion of dry unit weight in samples and soil get disturbanced we will have swelling potential intensity and swelling pressure. Disturbance in this soil causes double swelling potential stabilization with lime and cement was done on this soil (number 2 disturbanced sample,19% initial humidity,7.1gr/cm3 dry unit weight) with specifications Swelling potential and pressure potential respectively in number 2 disturbed sample have been 7/21 percent and 5/10kg/cm2 in which by adding 4 percent lime and 6 percent cement unit dry weight by 7 days maturing of swelling potential samples, swelling pressure and settlement about 98,98 and 95 percent.

   Abstract    In this study, the simulation of the effect of different surface buildings on the Kermanshah monorail tunnel has been studied. Numerical modeling of the present study has been performed in the form of two-dimensional finite element method and in plane-strain or two-dimensional strain logic. The software selected for modeling this study was the advanced commercial-research finite element code PLAXIS 2D V8.6. At least 16 different numerical models including the cross section of Kermanshah monorail tunnel and surcharge of buildings with different number of floors have been modeled. The soil model is assumed to be a Mohr-Coulomb elastic-perfect paste model. The parameters of the numerical model have been selected based on the results of the borehole logs studied by the esteemed project consultant. The cross section of the Kermanshah monorail tunnel is in the shape of a horseshoe and is based on the new Austrian tunneling method or NATM. Building surcharge load is simulated based on its equivalent stress at the soil surface and the physics of the buildings are not modeled. The 2 to 100 stories buildings have been applied as surcharge load to the numerical model of Kermanshah monorail tunnel. Also, a free field reference model without the effect of building surcharge load is included in the 2D modeling of the research. Logical relationships are obtained between the increase in surface building surcharge and the amount of deformation. The values ??of the settlements are about five times higher than the horizontal deformations. That is, the subsidence of the soil layer above the structure of the monorail tunnel is about 5 times more affected by the lateral deformation than the increase of the upper surcharge of the building. By simultaneously comparing the maximum shear strain of different parametric numerical models with different construction surcharges, the quantitative range of shear strains is up to about 4% of the maximum shear strain. Up to an surcharge of about 15 floors, which is equivalent to the overhead of existing buildings in Kermanshah, the shear stress of different cases is almost equal (about 300 kPa). This shows that increasing the maximum 100 floors of the building above ground level has increased the amount of axial force inside the tunnel cover by at least 3.5 times.       Keywords: Soil pressure, Kermanshah monorail, tunnel, peripheral structures, soil excavation, numerical modeling.

چكيده در حال حاضريكي از ايمن ترين روش حفاظت جانبي گود ها و ترانشه هاي خاكي يا سنگ سيستم نيلينگ يا معادل فارسي آن ميخكوبي مي باشد نيلينگ يكي از روش هاي تثبيت كننده موثر براي ترانشه ها وشيب ها وگودال ها درسرار جهان مي باشد نيلينگ در خاك بايد از نظر اقتصادي جذاب و از ديدگاه فني امكان پذير باشد .خاكها مناسب ونامناسب براي نيلينگ گذاري بايد مورد بررسي قرار گيرد همچنين درك رفتار دامنه خاك نيلينگ با خصوصيات آنها منجر به توصعه شناخت بهتر تغييرات در پارامترهاي شيب خاكي نيلينگ شده است . مقاومت برشي وچسبندگي در طول نيلينگ بين خاك وتزريق از فاكتور مهم تثبيت مي باشد. از آنجاكه هم اكنون ديوارهاي نيلينگ خاك به عنوان سازه هاي دائمي در نظر گرفته مي شوند نياز به مطالعه و توصيف رفتار خزش ديواره نيلينگ وجود دارد به همين دليل در ميان ديواره مورد استفاده براي نيلينگ گذاري نياز هست خاك هاي ريز دانه مورد بررسي بيشتري قرار بگيرد. خاك ريزدانه كه بخش مهمي از آن شامل رس سخت تا مقاوم .سيلت هاي رسي . رس هاي ماسه اي ومخلوطي از آنها مي باشند و رس ها تمايلي بيشتري نسب به خاك هاي ديگر براي خزش از خود نشان مي دهند كه تاثير منفي بر پايداري ديوار نگهدارنده در طولاني مدت دارد . به همين دليل استفاده از نيلينگ در خاك هاي رسي داراي حساسيت ويژه مي باشد كه بايد پارامترهاي خاك رسي برسي شود . تا درك درستي از توسعه خاك به خاطر آماس وفشار اضافي وتغيير شكل دراز مدت داشته باشيم. يكي از مهمترين پارامترهاي خاك هاي رسي شاخص خميري مي باشد كه بر رفتاره ديواره رسي تاثير مي گذارد كه نيازمند تحقيق ومطالعه بيشتري مي باشد. در اين مطالعه سعي مي شود شرايط مساعد خاك هاي ديواره رسي براي نيلينگ گذاري را بدست آوريم ومحدوده شاخص خميري مناسب براي نيلينگ گذاري را مشخص كنيم .Abstract Currently, one of the safest methods of lateral protection of earth pits and trenches or stone is nailing system or its Persian equivalent. Nailing is one of the most effective stabilization . methods for trenches, slopes and pits in the world. It is economically attractive and technically possible. Soils suitable and unsuitable for nailing should be examined. Also, understanding the behavior of nailing soil slope with their properties has led to the development of better understanding of changes in nail slope parameters. Shear strength and adhesion during nailing between soil and injection is an important stabilizing factor. Since soil nailing walls are now considered as permanent structures, there is a need to study and describe the creep behavior of nailing wall. Therefore, among the walls used for nailing, fine-grained soils need to be further studied. . Fine-grained soil, an important part of which includes hard to resistant clay. Clay slates. Sandy clays are a mixture of them and clays show a greater tendency to creep than other soils, which has a negative effect on the stability of the retaining wall in the long run. For this reason, the use of nailing in clay soils has a special sensitivity that the parameters of clay should be examined. To have a proper understanding of soil development due to inflammation and additional pressure and long-term deformation. One of the most important parameters of clay soils is the paste index, which affects the behavior of the clay wall, which requires more research and study. In this study, we try to obtain the favorable conditions of clay wall soils for nailing and determine the range of suitable paste index for nailing.  

   Abstract: An important part of traffic issues, including urban accidents, are related to the human factor and his driving culture. The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of driving culture and attitude on the number (amount) of driving violations among Internet taxi drivers. This research was conducted with a sociological approach and to answer the research questions, the theoretical literature related to social action and behavior, especially the theory of logical action and planned behavior has been used. The present study is a quantitative study and was conducted by survey method in the period of 2019-20. The data collection technique was a researcher-made questionnaire that was tested for validity and reliability. The statistical population included SNAP drivers (approximately 10,000 people) in Sanandaj city and according to Krejcie and Morgan table, 373 people were estimated as a sample and selected by simple random sampling. Someof the questionnaires were distributed face to face, and others were distributed and collected electronically on Google Form. Finally, the data of 366 questionnaires were processed and analyzed in    software version 25. To analyze the data Univariate statistics, Pearson correlation coefficient, enter method multivariate regression analysis and path analysis were used. The results showed that a weaker driving culture is associated with more traffic violations among SNAP drivers and vice versa. Also, a more positive driving attitude was associated with fewer driving offenses, and vice versa. In addition, the average number of driving offenses was higher for younger, single, and older drivers who had been licensed for less than a year. According to multivariate analysis, the variables of marital status, social responsibility, participation and role modeling have a significant relationship with driving violations and explain 25.5% of its changes. Also, social responsibility has been one of the most important and strongest variables affecting traffic violations. Finally, solutions to reduce driving violations based on elements of driving culture are presented. Keywords: Driving Violations, Driving Culture and Attitude, SNAP Drivers, Sociological Approach, Sanandaj.

   Bitumen as an adhesive in asphalt mixtures has many weaknesses in its structure, and although it forms a small amount of asphalt mixtures, it has a decisive effect on its properties. Weakness in the bitumen structure can accelerate the occurrence of various failures, including rutting in the passage of the wheels, asphalt bleeding and cracking. Thermal cracks are the main cause of pavement failure in cold regions, which leads to several problems, including reduced safety of road users and reduced service life of roads. Therefore, the need to modify the chemical properties of bitumen adhesives and the use of modifiers in these areas can be justified.FractureMechanics Quantitatively describe the failure process in a crack-containing specimen and its growth process, and generally examine the germination and crack growth in brittle materials. Research shows that the cause of these fractures is defects such as fine cracks, the presence of which causes structural failure at stresses less than the stresses designed for the material.Inthis study, the effect of two modifiers, GO and LDPE, on the fracture toughness of hot mix asphalt in mode II loading has been investigated by performing three-point bending test at temperatures of 0 and -10 ° C. Resistance and Marshall modulus experiments were performed on the optimal percentage of additives in the three-point bending test and the control sample, and the results of these two experiments were used for economic and environmental analysisBased on the obtained results, the use of GO and LDPE at both temperatures and for all percentages used, improves K??C   compared to the control sample. The economic analysis shows that LDPE is economical and GO is uneconomical. Reduction of emissions of environmental pollutants was also calculate for different stages of asphalt mixture production

RFID 

Abstract    In recent years, a new technology has been developed as Warm Mix asphalt (WMA) in the pavement industry. The main purpose of producing this type of mixture is to reduce emissions and reduce energy consumption in line with the Tokyo Agreement. In addition, other benefits such as the possibility of implementing pavement in cold weather, improve efficiency, faster return of traffic, reduce harmful pollutants for workers and reduce the likelihood of aging due to lower production temperatures. Although these benefits have encouraged pavement managers to use this technology, the various behavioral aspects of this technology have not been well understood. One of these behavioral aspects is the potential for rutting in the long-term performance of pavements made with Warm Mix asphalt (WMA) technology. Although asphalt concrete mixes are made Warm, the initial cost of making asphalt is lower due to making asphalt at a lower temperature than hot asphalt. Due to the fact that the Warm asphalt mixture is produced at low temperatures, relatively weak adhesion is created between the aggregate and bitumen materials in the mixture, and this phenomenon increases the moisture sensitivity of the Warm asphalt mixture and the occurrence of nudity on the pavement surface. It is one of the materials that can optimally improve the moisture sensitivity of this type of asphalt mixture by an optimal amount of 0.1% by weight of bitumen, but the use of nano-zycotherm not only does not help the hardness of Warm asphalt mixture at high temperatures, but also reduces the hardness of the mixture. Asphalt is exposed to dynamic loads, thus increasing the potential for rutting and permanent deformation of the Warm asphalt mixture. One way to improve the performance of a Warm asphalt mixture containing nano-zycotherm against dynamic applied loads is to use additives. The present study evaluates and analyzes the laboratory results of the effect of LDPE-film light polyethylene powder (LDPE-200) on improving the rutting strength of Warm asphalt mixtures containing the optimal percentage of nano-zycotherm. For this purpose, bitumen performance tests (penetration degree, softening point, tensile Flexibility and testing of rotating thin layer of bitumen in that RTFOT) and Sharp tests (rotational viscosity test, DSR dynamic cutting rheometer test, aging test of bitumen samples in a PAV pressure chamber, BBR bending beam rheometer test) on modified bitumens containing different percentages Light ethylene and experiments (Marshall strength and fluidity and resilience modulus test) were used on Warm Mix asphalt samples containing different percentages of light polyethylene.The results showed that the application of light polyethylene improves the functional and rheological properties of pure bitumen and bitumen hardness And reduces the thermal sensitivity of bitumen at high temperatures and significantly increases the rutting strength of semi-hot asphalt mixtures containing the optimal percentage of nano-zycotherm at high temperatures under dynamic loads per 7% of polyethylene. In addition, the modulus of resistance of Warm Mix asphalt containing light polyethylene is much higher than that of semi-hot asphalt mixture without this addition, which indicates an increase in stability and durability of the modified asphalt mixture against dynamic loads.          Keywords: Warm Mix asphalt (WMA), Rutting, Lightweight polyethylene, Nano-zycotherm     

ABSTRACT Today, several factors including increasing bitumen prices, traffic congestion, climate change and premature failure have made asphalt modification inevitable. Weakness in the bitumen structure can cause damage such as rutting in the passage of the wheels, cracking and asphalt bleeding. These failures not only reduce the useful life of the pavement but also the safety of the road users. In cold regions, thermal cracks are common and various reasons have played a role in the formation and growth of these cracks, which bitumen can be considered the most important factor. In this study, in order to improve the properties of bitumen and strengthen it against cracking use GO by 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2% and LDPE by 1, 3, 5, 7%. The general purpose of this study is to investigation the fracture toughness of HMA modified by GO and LDPE. In order to conduct this research, three-point bending test was performed by SCB sample at two temperatures of 0 and -10 ? with mentioned percentages of additives and control sample. Then marshall test and resilience module were performed for the optimal percentage of additives according to the results of SCB test and control sample. According to the results of Marshall stability test and resilience modulus, the amount of thickness changes of modified mixtures with each additive was calculated and economic analysis was performed by difference between the price of bitumen and additives used. Environmental analysis of pollutants released in asphalt production, damage to crude oil resources and pollutants that endanger human health, was calculated according to the amount of materials saved.   

  In recent years, due to the expansion of cities, today urban tra  ortation has become important and at the same time has many special complexities and cities are facing increasing population density and activities. This increase has various adverse effects and consequences, including air pollution, noise pollution and environmental pollution. Kermanshah, the ninth most populous city in Iran and the second most populous city in the west of the country, is after Tabriz. One million people will pass. Given the volume of intercity travel in the city of Kermanshah, the need to provide and review efficient forecasting methods for tra  ortation and the number of intercity trips and other influential parameters for the future has become increasingly apparent. In a way, this improves the conditions, including employment and economic and social investments, and increases the quality of life. The purpose of this research is descriptive, mathematical and innovative analysis using artificial intelligence, mlp neural network. The purpose of this study is to present a model using artificial intelligence to study and distribute population and urban employment and its relationship with the number of intra-city trips in different areas in Kermanshah. In such a way that according to these changes, necessary and appropriate management actions and planning are done. In this study, the independent variables are demographic information, employees, vehicles and number of students, while the dependent variables are tra  ortation and number of trips produced. Each of these parameters was examined in Kermanshah and then compared to the conventional model of exponential growth rate. Been paid. Finally, mlp neural network has been used to analyze the data using significant variables. The results show the appropriate efficiency of the neural network in analyzing and predicting the number of future city trips compared to other conventional methods.

Abstract: Purpose: Traffic accidents are a problem resulting from advances in technology and industrialization of societies And it causes a lot of physical, financial and emotional damage. Worldwide traffic accidents kill more than 1.3 million people annually.   It also injured more than 50 million people. Driving accidents are one of the most important public health challenges And in Iran, traffic accidents are much higher than in other countries, especially developed countries. Researchers see four factors as human, vehicle, road, and environment as major causes of the accident And the most effective factor in causing accidents is the human factor. Accordingly, efforts are needed to improve the safety of travel and to reduce traffic accidents by applying traffic safety. Experts in the field of psychology are interested in identifying the psychological factors affecting accidents. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of personality traits (anxiety, stress, depression and aggression) on the number of crashes in truck drivers.   Research Methodology: The statistical population in this study is 3600 drivers in the Lorestan province cargo association. 347 samples were selected using Cochran formula and questionnaires were distributed by random sampling method. The research tool is a questionnaire consisting of four parts, the first part includes demographic questions, the second part of the Manchester Driving Behavior Questionnaire, the third part of the Depression, Anxiety, Stress Questionnaire and the fourth part the Aggression Questionnaire. In this study, using multivariate regression to determine the predictive power of variables used in the study to predict the number of accidents, and Confirmatory factor analysis and structural equations have also been used to confirm the research hypotheses and questions.   Findings and Conclusion: With increasing depression, anxiety, stress, anger and aggression, the number of risky driving behaviors increases. Regression results show that the independent variables of depression and anger have the highest ability to predict the dependent variable of number of accidents. Keyword: Traffic Safety, Traffic Accidents, Truck Drivers, Psychology, Structural Equations, Regression   

طبقه­بندي كاني­ها بخش جدايي­ناپذيري از زمين­شناسي است. به‌صورت سنتي براي مطالعه­ كاني­هاي موجود در مقاطع نازك، مرز بين كاني­ها به‌صورت دستي جداشده، هر ناحيه برچسب­گذاري و درصد هر كاني محاسبه مي­شود. اين روش نيازمند دانش، تخصص و تجربه­ بالايي است. از سوي ديگر خطاي انساني ناشي از خستگي و بي­دقتي موجب كاهش دقت طبقه­بندي مي­شود. بنابراين به­كارگيري يك سامانه مبتني بر پردازش تصوير براي تشخيص خودكاركاني­هاي موجود در سنگ­ها امري ضروري است. ارائه چنين سامانه­اي مي­تواند باعث افزايش دقت، كاهش خطاهاي انساني، كاهش هزينه و كاهش زمان جهت تشخيص نوع كاني­ها مي­شود؛ بنابراين، هدف اين پژوهش، پيشنهاد يك سامانه تشخيص خودكار كاني است كه با استفاده از پردازش تصوير، كاني­هاي موجود در سنگ را شناسايي و طبقه­بندي كند. مرحله اول در انجام اين پژوهش ايجاد يك پايگاه داده از تصاوير مقاطع نازك سنگ است. اين مرحله يكي از چالش­برانگيزترين مراحل اين پژوهش بود، زيرا ايجاد يك پايگاه داده مناسب از تصاوير مقاطع نازك، فرآيندي سخت و وقت­گير است. از سوي ديگر، پايگاه داده مشترك و استانداردي در اين حوزه وجود ندارد و هر پژوهشي از پايگاه داده متفاوتي استفاده مي­كند. پس از ايجاد پايگاه داده و برچسب­گذاري تصاوير مقاطع نازك، چند روش­ قطعه­بندي بررسي و الگوريتم JSEG براي قطعه­بندي انتخاب شده است. پس از انجام قطعه­بندي، ويژگي­هاي مبتني بر رنگ و بافت از هر ناحيه استخراج شده­اند. ويژگي­هاي رنگي از هر دو فضاي رنگي RGB و HSI استخراج شده­اند. هم­چنين به دليل اينكه برخي كاني­هاي متفاوت داراي رنگ­هاي مشابه هستند، ويژگي­هاي بافت نيز از هر ناحيه استخراج شده­اند. ويژگي­هاي استخراج‌شده از هر ناحيه، براي طبقه­بندي به طبقه­بند فرستاده شده و طبقه­بند هر ناحيه را به‌عنوان يك كاني برچسب­گذاري كرده است. در اين پژوهش كارايي شش طبقه­بند Linear Discriminant، Su  ace Discriminant، Boosted Tree، Bagged Tree، Linear SVM و Weighted KNN بر اساس معيارهاي مختلف مورد ارزيابي قرار گرفته است. بر اساس نتايج تجربي به‌دست‌آمده، طبقه­بند Bagged Tree داراي بالاترين دقت به ميزان 5253/95 و همچنين كمترين ميزان خطاي MAE برابر با 0447/0 و خطاي RMSE برابر با 2115/0 مي­باشد. همچنين همه طبقه­بندها داراي دقت قابل قبول بالاي 93% هستند. اين نتايج نشان مي­دهد كه روش پيشنهادي داراي قابليت مناسبي جهت شناسايي خودكار كاني­هاست.  

   Numerous studies have shown that residential neighborhoods have a significant impact on people's travel behavior. However, in recent years the issue of self-selection has been the focus of attention. Residential self-selection is one's desire to choose a place of residence based on preferences. If people choose to live in specific neighborhoods based on their travel preferences, they will probably use the travel modes stimulated by the new neighborhood. But the extent to which the impact of the environment and people's preferences is still unclear. If the choice of accommodation is based on other elements - not travel-related, it is possible that people will find housing mismatches that are long-term and if not preferred location causes residential dissonance. It is possible for people to change their attitudes based on their new residential environment and travel patterns. So far, it is still unclear how the attitude and choice of travel mode after resettlement occurs. Most research on residential self-selection has been conducted in Europe and the US, and the results are not generalizable to Asian countries, particularly those with moderate to poor public tra  ort system, this study examines the role of residential preferences and environment in choosing a residential location.For this purpose, a questionnaire of people's preferences and environmental impacts was used to select a place of residence for Kermanshah citizens. Using confirmatory factor analysis, the most important preferences were identified and a two player game, non-cooperative and static game was played between the transit transition policy and the users with four distinct strategies. The results showed that for Kermanshah residents, four tra  ortation optimization options, shifting to station, price-based accommodation and TOD accommodation are the most important preferences for accommodation. The policy maker also has four strategies for doing nothing, light work (optimizing the current situation), building a mass transit system and creating sustainable development tra  ort services (TOD). Nash equilibrium in this game showed that the optimization of commuting and the policy of not doing the job according to the current conditions of Kermanshah is a good option.   

ذخيره آب هاي زير زميني وپيشنهاد راهكارهاي متنوع، يكي از مسائل مهم در علم مهندسي آب است. استفاده از سدهاي زير زميني يكي از راهكارهاي مفيد، اقتصادي وسازگار با محيط زيست است. هدف از اين پژوهش مدل سازي آزمايشگاهي وعددي سد زيرزميني با استفاده از خاك رس وبتن پلاستيك با ضخامتهاي مختلف است تا تاثير جنس سد بردبي عبوري ازآن بررسي شود. همچنين تاثير جنس مخزن بر دبي عبوري از سد نيز بررسي مي گردد. جنس مخزن مصالح ماسه رودخانه اي، شن ومخلوط شن وماسه در نظر گرفته شده است. در آزمايش هاي انجام شده بر سد بتن پلاستيك، جنس آبخوان تاثيري بر مقدار دبي عبوري از سد نداشته است و دبي عبوري براي هر سه نوع آبخوان برابر با صفر بوده است . اين امر نشان مي دهد كه سد بتن پلاستيك عملكرد بهتري نسبت به سد رسي دارد. درسدهاي بتن پلاستيك كاهش ضخامت تاثيري بر دبي عبوري از سد نداشته است. بيشترين دبي عبوري از سد رسي با آبخوان شني و به مقدار   (404× )اتفاق افتاده است. تمام مدل هاي آزمايشگاهي، توسط روش المان محدود دو بعدي نيز تحليل شده اند كه تطابق خوبي با يكديگر داشته اند

Among the various biopolymers, chitosan, besides having the highest absorption capacity, is of great importance because it is biodegradable, pH sensitive, natural, biocompatible and non-toxic. Has mucous membranes inside the body and delivering medicinal compounds to different parts of the body. It also has anti-fungal and antibacterial effects. There are different ways to prepare chitosan nanoparticles. Ionic crosslinking is one of these methods based on ion interactions between the positive charge of chitosan amine groups and the negative charge of the polyionic groups and forms a complex and the chitosan precipitates in the form of spherical particles. Advantages of this method include non-use of organic solvents, mild reaction conditions (ambient temperature), repeatability and high stability of nanoparticles.In this study, chitosan nanoparticles were produced by using a combination of atomizer and falling film based on ion bonding between chitosan amine groups with sodium tripolyphosphate anionic group. The purpose of the design of the falling film system was to increase the contact surface of the two solutions when synthesized to form suitable and highly stable nanoparticles. The order of the experiments was that first, the hydrodynamic study of the atomizer output droplets with different flow rates from the liquid and the gas was performed and the optimum flow rates for the liquid was determined and was considered constant in all tests. In the second experiment, the size, polydispersity index (PdI) and morphology of chitosan nanoparticles produced under different parametric conditions were investigated and the optimum conditions were determined. Parametric conditions included concentration of chitosan, concentration of sodium tripolyphosphate, atomizer distance to inclined plate, air flow rate and pH of chitosan solution. The inclined surface angle was also a parameter of the problem, but after some investigation, a constant value was considered. Finally, the results showed that the system is capable of producing nanoparticles in a spherical shape with appropriate size and uniform distribution.  

بررسي تاثير ويژگي هاي تسهيلات خياباني بر شاخص هاي ايمني در مناطق شهري ، مطالعه موردي : ايلام

  Due to increased energy consumption and

  The users and the common goals and objectives and put them in a batch, the proposed algorithm uses an distributed and interactive particle pooling algorithm. The distributed and interactive particle pool algorithm is a version of the PSO that can process each section of the database or each dimension of the target separately. Therefore, the proposed algorithm is well suited to distributed processing platforms such as Spark. The simulation results, while confirming the accuracy of the proposed method with the collaborative refinement, show that the proposed system for recommendation in the Kalandays is about 64 times faster than conventional processing platforms.

Human Identification Based on Ear Biometric Employing a Hybrid Approach  

Effects of bed stiffness on the seismic response of earthdams ,case study jamishan dam

Solar water splitting in the absence of sacrificial agent has been identified as a promising approach to produce green hydrogen. In this work, for the first time we report the photocatalytic activity of BiFeO3/g-C3N4 composite in hydrogen production. For this purpose we synthesized various BiFeO3/g-C3N4 composite samples with different mass ratio of g-C3N4 and investigated the as-prepared photocatalysts activity for hydrogen production during the overall water splitting reaction.The composite samples exhibits remarkably enhanced photocatalytic performance in comparison with the bare BiFeO3 and g-C3N4. The highest hydrogen production rate obtained is ? 160.75 µmol. h-1. g-1 under UV irradiation ( ? ? 250 nm) and ?23.31   µmol/h-1 g-1 under visible light irradiation ( ? ? 400 nm). This enhanced photocatalytic activity of BiFeO3/g-C3N4 heterojunction should be attributed to the synergistic effect of junction and the complementary advantages between BiFeO3 and g-C3N4, which can efficiently accelerate the separation of photogenerated electron-hole pairs and also capability to perform water reduction and oxidation reaction simultaneously.  

Mutual Coupling Reduction in Microstrip Patch Antenna Array  

  AbstractBitumen and asphalt self-healing is present as an intrinsic property in bitumen and asphalt, and asphalt and bituminous asphalt researchers seek to recognize, expand, and ultimately make practical use of this feature. Self-resiliency is different from thixotropy, and unlike thixotropy, it is related to the repair of crack cracks caused by the loading and it can be considered as a reversible fatigue phenomenon. Self-resurfacing depends on factors such as temperature, rest time, crack width and features of bitumen and asphalt, and is activated by temperature rises, so scientists are looking for the best and most economical way to create heat in asphalt, from The suggestion of these innovative methods can be found in the method of heating through electromagnetic waves and the heating method through microwave waves. Researchers have used various methods to assess the quality and quantity of self-defense, most notably fatigue-based tests, rupture tests, and non-destructive tests.In this dissertation, the ability to repair three types of modified asphalt with additives with a non-additive asphalt type (for comparison) was investigated through rupture-based experiments (three-point bending test), for which the semi-cylindrical samples The Marshall was repaired by a three-point bending device and then warmed up by microwave irradiation and after a 24-hour period. After repair, the samples were restored by three-point bending test to determine the degree of repair. On the other hand, the temperature created on the surface and in the asphalt samples was investigated and according to the results of the experiments, the asphalt made with two The additive of nanosecotherm and Fortah fibers has the highest initial resistance and secondary resistance to the other three types of asphalt, and the uniformity of temperature in this type of asphalt was more evident than other asphalt.

  در اكثر محاسبات مهندسي مكانيكبراي جريان­هاي در ابعاد معمول به­جاي تحليل پيچيده­ي اثرات واقعي ملكول­ها از يكفرض توزيع پيوسته ماده استفاده مي­شود و محاسبات جريان با اين فرض پيوستگي انجاممي­شود. اگرمتوسط مسير پويش آزاد ملكولي با كوچكترين طول مسأله هم­مرتبه باشد فرضپيوستگي ماده صادق نيست. براي تحليل اين جريان بايد از روش­هاي پايه­اي­تر مانندروش­هاي ملكولي استفاده كرد. در چندسال اخير با گسترش زمينه­هاي مكانيك سيالاتجريان در ابعاد ميكرو و نانو بيشتر مورد توجه محققين قرار گرفته است. جريان­هايگازي ميكرو و نانو به­واسطه­ي طول مشخصه كوچك­شان معمولا در محدوده­ي ناپيوستگيجريان قرار دارند. يكي از پركاربردترين روش­ها براي حل اين جريان­ها استفاده مي­شودروش ذره­مبناي شبيه­سازي مستقيم مونت­كارلو (DSMC) مي­باشد.اين روش در جريان­هاي با عدد نودسن بالا به­خوبي عمل مي­كند.اما مشكل اين روش در جريان­هاي كم­سرعت مشاهده مي­شود. نوسانات آماري موجود در روشDSMCمانع از شكل­گيري درست جريان در مواردي كه سرعت پايين است مي­شود. يكي از روش­هاييكه براي رفع اين مشكل ارائه شده است روش ذره­مبناي نگه­داري اطلاعات(IP) مي­باشد. در اين روش قوانين بقا (بقاي جرم، بقاي مومنتوم و بقايانرژي) مشابه تحليل­هاي ماكروسكوپي، در خصوص اطلاعات IPپياده مي­شود. در اين پايان­نامه اساس روش­ DSMC-IPبه­عنوان ابزار عددي و ذره­مبنا براي حل جريان­هاي گازي رقيق­شده ارائه شده است.كد DSMC2 توسعه داده شده و روش IP بهآن اضافه شده است. هندسه­ي مورد مطالعه ميكرومحفظه­ي مربعي با ديواره­ي متحرك مي­باشد.اين جريان به واسطه­ي گردابه­هاي موجود در آن جرياني پيچيده است.برهم­كنش بينملكولي با استفاده از مدل كره­ي سخت متغير مدل­سازي شده و همچنين از طرح برخورد SBT براي انتخاب جفت برخوردي استفاده شده است. جريان دما ثابت است وگاز تك اتمي آرگون به­عنوان سيال مدل­سازي شده است. نتايج به­دست آمده موفقيت روش IP را در رفع نوسانات چگالي، سرعت، تنش برشي و... را نشان مي­دهد.همچنين علاوه­بر رفع نوسانات موجود در جريان­هاي سرعت پايين، نوساناتي كه در جريان­هايبا نودسن كوچك ايجاد مي­شود را نيز برطرف مي­كند. روش IPعلاوه­بر رفع نوسانات، در كاهش هزينه­ي محاسباتي نيز بسيار مؤثر است. نتايج حاصلاز حل IP نشان مي­دهد كه موقعيت مركز گردابه­ي اصلي با افزايش سرعت ديوارهدر جهت حركت ديواره جابه­جا مي­شود و همچنين با كاهش عدد نودسن جريان مركز گردابهبه سمت بالا جابجا مي­شود.

Overpopulation in metro-polices has led to a space reduction in the cities and a tendency to use underground spaces. Underground structures, especially in cities with large populations, are built for various needs. Different solutions have been proposed for traffic problems; some of the most important of these solutions include the building subways, intersections, urban trains, and etc. Contrary to popular belief that the earthquake impacts on underground structures and tunnels are trivial, there are many cases in science research in recent years that show the significance of earthquake destruction effects on these structures. With the disclosure of the importance of the presence of underground spaces on the seismic response at the Earths surface in this regard, the researchers paid attention to studying analytical, numerical and physical modeling. Considering with seismicity of the Kermanshah city, I have tried to by using finite element ABAQUS software study the effect of earthquake on the site condition of Kermanshah metro tunnel by defining the suitable nonlinear behavior for materials used in modeling. Each one of BH-7, BH-8 and BH-9 bore holes have been analyzed in 3 different steps: first, Frequency analysis, then free field analysis (without tunnel), and finally the main model. The results derived from the time historical analysis of the three BH-7, BH-8 and BH-9 bore holes show that the maximum amplification occurs in the BH-9 borehole which is the most critical borehole in terms of amplification received waveforms on the earth surface. Although the maximum amplification occurs in the BH-9 borehole, the highest maximum stress occurs in the tunnel cover at the site of the BH-8 borehole due to the location of this borehole which is near the bedrock. On the all, the amount of damage on the dependent tunnels depends on the geotechnical characteristics of the layers, the content and intensity of the earthquake record, the amplification that occur in the soil profile, the amount of tunnel overhead, the strength of the forming materials covering the tunnel with concrete and the type and the distance from the bedrock.

پيش بيني سيل با استفاده از تلفيق تصاوير ماهواره اي و مدل بارش-رواناب در مناطق فاقد آمار

<  gt;بررسي عددي ظرفيت باربري ديناميكي شالوده هاي نواري واقع بر روي شيب مسلح </P>

راه‌ها به منظور دسترسي يا حمل ونقل احداث مي‌گردند. نظر به اين كه شرايط محيطي همچون كوه، تپه، دره، تقاطع، تغيير مسير به نقاط موردنظر و ... در راه اعمال مي‌شود، بنابراين راه ديگر نمي‌تواند فقط يك مسير مستقيم باشد، بلكه به شكل‌هاي هندسي متفاوتي درمي‌آيد. به همين دليل است كه نياز به يك طرح هندسي مطلوب احساس مي‌شود. امروزه افزايش ايمني راه ها به يكي از معضلات مهم كشورهاي در حال توسعه در بخش حمل و نقل و اقتصاد تبديل شده است و از اين رو در سال هاي اخير تحقيقات قابل توجهي در سراسر دنيا براي درك ارتباط بين تعداد تصادفات، حجم ترافيك عبوري، مشخصات هندسي مسير و عوامل محيطي در قالب مدل هاي پيش بيني تعداد تصادفات انجام پذيرفته است. اين مدل ها ابزاري قوي در تحليل تصادفات محسوب مي‌گردند كه در شناسايي و تحليل نقاط حادثه خيز در جاده هاي برون شهري به كار گرفته مي شوند. استفاده از مدل هاي پيش بيني كه بر اساس روش هاي دقيق آماري و اطلاعات راه ها و تصادفات بدست مي‌آيند، نه تنها در ارزيابي اصلاحات هندسي و مديريتي راه موثر واقع مي شوند بلكه شناسايي نقاط حادثه خيز را آسان و قابل بررسي مي نمايد. كمربندي شهرستان ايلام همه ساله مسيري اصلي براي تردد زائران حسيني به سمت مرز مهران واقع شده كه بر اهميت مطالعات بر روي مسير كمربندي شرقي مي افزايد. در اين تحقيق تلاش شده است با استفاده از بانك اطلاعاتي شهرستان ايلام، داده‌ها جمع آوري و مدلي ارائه شود، تا ميزان تاثير پارامتر هاي موثر طرح هندسي و همچنين كاربري هاي اطراف مسير بر ايمني جاده هاي برون شهري بررسي شود. در كنار جاده ها زمين‌هايي كه وجود دارند با كاربري‌هاي متفاوت مي‌باشند كه تأثير آن بر ايمني بررسي خواهد شد. در اطراف جاده ها مي‌تواند مكان هاي متفاوت با كاربري‌هاي مختلف وجود داشته باشد كه باعث تعامل و رفت و آمد مراجعان مي شود. اين رفت و آمد مراجعين سبب بروز عواملي چون ترافيك شده كه با توجه به راه طراحي شده و ويژگي هاي طرح هندسي راه مي‌تواند سبب ايمن بودن طرح يا بروز تصادفات رانندگي شود كه بايد براي مسيرهاي خطرناك يا پرتردد تعابير مهندسي لازم را در نظر داشت. بدين منظور متغيرهاي تاثير گذار و وابسته كه ايمني جاده مي باشد جهت پردازش آناليزهاي لازم انتخاب خواهد شد و بررسي هاي لازم و شرح ارتباط ميان ايمني جاده يا متغير وابست? تحقيق حاضر با ويژگي هاي طرح هندسي راه و كاربري هاي زمين هاي اطراف جاده صورت مي‌پذيرد سپس در ادام? بررسي حاضر به ارائه مدلي با بسط موارد ايمني راه، كاربري اطراف جاده و طرح هندسي پرداخته خواهد شد بطوريكه بصورت موازن? سه پارامتر را دربرگيرد. سپس بر اساس آمارگيري و برداشت‌هاي ميداني در محورهاي كمربندي شرقي ايلام و تكميل اطلاعات لازم، مدل كاليبره و ارائه خواهد شد.  

جداسازي سيگنال قلب جنين با استفاده از جداسازي كور منابع بر اساس آناليزهاي زمان فركانس

  Tunneling, tunnel excavation, and the use of underground spaces as one of the most important and widely used tools today are rapidly increasing. Due to the importance of the safety of these spaces, it is essential to have sufficient knowledge and awareness at all stages of the construction and preparation of underground spaces. Selection of a suitable maintenance system for tunnels to achieve a sustainable and safe environment over time is one of the important issues in tunneling. After establishing that the tunnel requires installation of a maintenance system based on sustainability methods, the design phase of the maintenance system should begin. After designing a maintenance system and choosing the right system, by implementation of maintenance system, sustainability is provided. Tunnel maintenance system design methods are divided into three categories: analytical methods, numerical methods, and empirical methods. One of the methods for determining the required buffer of a tunnel is by the Q system method. In this research, it has been tried to determine a suitable maintenance system for tunneling in Q method by using some artificial intelligence methods. For this purpose, firstly, using Pearson analysis methods and Principle Component Analysis (PCA) by    software and then the gamma test method by WinGamma software, the effective parameters have been identified in the Q system and three different models have been selected for obtaining the value of Q. The first and second models have three input parameters and one output parameter, and the third model has four input parameters and one output parameter. Then, using some artificial intelligence methods including neural networks, fuzzy logic, gene expression programming, genetic algorithm and multivariable regressions, the amount of Q is calculated using different models individually. Finally, with respect to the amount of Q obtained from each of the models and the equivalent dimension parameter, the equivalent maintenance system is predicted using the software provided.   The software provides all the parameters required for tunnel buffer, including bolt lengths, bolt distance, and shotcrete thickness for operator. In this study, by using the parameters that have the greatest impact on rock mass index (Q), the value of Q is predicted. In this way, the effect of less important parameters or parameters that are not available or access to them is either costly or time consuming will be eliminated which reduces costs and saves time. After calculating and comparing different results obtained from artificial intelligence methods, it was determined that in the first model, the GRNN type neural network with RMSE value of 0.1 and R2 value of 0.99 is more capable of predicting rock quality index. And then the gene expression planning method with RMSE value of 2.16 and R2 value of 0.90 has more positive outcomes. Also in the second model, the GRNN type neural network with RMSE value of 1.01 and R2 value of 0.97 Has the best performance and then the methods of gene expression planning, genetic algorithm and MLP neural network have nearly similar results. in the third model, the GRNN type neural network with RMSE value of 0.31 and R2 value of 0.99 Has more satisfying results and then gene expression programming with RMSE value of 1.38 and R2 value of 0.95 showed more acceptable outcomes.

gain scheduling control design of switch reluctance motor via lmi approach

gain scheduling control design of permanent magnet synchronous motor via lmi approach 

  Choosing an appropriate Appropriate Retaining Structures is a key for successful completion of the each project. However, such an evaluation involves a complex decision-making process associated with numerous uncertainty factors, imprecise information and judgments. The Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and TOPSIS widely applied to evaluate alternatives related to multiple decision criteria. Nevertheless, the AHP and TOPSIS are incapable of dealing with the inherent subjectivity and ambiguity existing in the mapping of the decision-maker’s judgment to exact numerical values.in this Research , using FAHP and FTOPSIS trying to be an appropriate Appropriate Retaining Structures to be determined. . A case study about the use of these methods is also provided. The results demonstrate the applicability of the methods that can be used for effectively evaluating alternatives

An Evaluation of Enterprise Architecture Frameworks for E-government

  Abstract:  It is obvious that there is a strong relationship between tra  ortation and land use،   each notable change in tra  ortation system has influence in pattern of urbanization،   although changes in land use have direct effects on travel pattern،   y increasing tra  ortation infrastructure the accessibility levels of different places will change and it can caused the changes in land use pattern. Changes in land use pattern make new activity and demand،   also it will then effect on tra  ortation planning and this recursive cycle will continuous this relationship indicated land use and tra  ort cycle،   we can investigate this relation with some variables for example geographical characteristics and location of the activity،   demographic and economic characteristics،   characteristics of urban demand mobility. This research is looking for Investigation of the relationship between urban density indices and vehicles kilometers travel and travel modes with recursive neural networks model. In this research the urban density indices and vehicles kilometers used as the independent variable and travel modes as the dependent variable. Four travels mode between seven cities surveyed considered that include passenger car، commercial vehicles، rail، bus. The overall objective of this research is investigation of the relationship between urban density indices and vehicles kilometers travel and travel modes. In this study the information contained seven major cities in Australia during certain times، the cities were Sydney، Melbourne، Brisbane، Adelaide، Perth، Hobart، Darwin. This research method is the use of sample. Some of the results have shown that the vehicle kilometer travel and travel modes had a strong relation which by using recursive model we are able to predict values according different policies.

  Speed is one of the main causes of taking place of driving crashes and the increase of their severity and also the cause of more than thirty percent of traffic fatalities .Researches have shown that drivers choose their speed based on road geometry and environmental conditions and the design speed is not more than the speed chosen by a group of drivers. So it can be said, predicting the safety level of the highway, depends on the operating speed rather than design speed. In this study, the effect of the geometry features, Environmental conditions and speed limits on the operating speed in tangents and horizontal curves of suburban four-lane roads regarding the free-flow conditions was examined. Three four-lane suburban tracks in Lorestan province were considered as the physical range of this study and the vehicle speed in 201 pieces was recorded and their data were collected. statistical analysis showed that eighty five-percent speed in the former horizontal curve,   longitudinal slope of the road, side markings and speed limitations are factors affecting the operating speed in the tangents and eighty five-percent speed in the former tangent, horizontal curve radius, longitudinal slope of the road and speed limitations are factors affecting   the operating speed in the horizontal curve. The results indicate that only in 95 and 110 km/h speed limitations vehicle drivers in tangents and horizontal curves follow the law and in other speed limitations the operating speed differences reach up to 2 times more than the defined speed limitation. Another finding of this study is that vehicle drivers in the tangents got affected only by three post speed limits out of 8 and the rate of effectiveness for the 60 km/h speed limitation is equal to 6/373 and for 50km/h is 6/581 and for 40km/h is 8/831 respectively.   And also, vehicle drivers in the horizontal curves got affected only by two post speed limits out of 8 and the rate of effectiveness for the 60 km/h speed limitation is equal to 5/466and for 50km/h is 3/980 respectively.

  Nowadays,it has been proven that improvement of   pavement surface texture charactristics and surface drainage condition is an important matter in safety improvement and decreasing of accidents rate specially in wet weather condition. Researches on the relationship between pavement surface charactristics and accidents rate date back to the 1960s, but there is no research done in the field of surface drainage.     This research has proposed a system that has the ability to simulate the saturated situation and assessing of pavement surface drainage with a high speed and precision.To do so, an innovative device is presented to simulate the saturation condition of pavement surface and acquire photo from drainage process of pavement surface after saturation.The proposed system is based on image processing methods.     The preprocessing and enhancement of images was performed using image processing techniques.Then the Morphological features of the images were extracted and the rate of surface drainage progress was evaluated by three indices extracted from the images. Finally, pavements were ltr">The results of the pavement surface drainage system as the first system in this field can be used in safety assessment systems in both project and network level to enhance road safety specially in wet weather condition.