Saleh Rahimi

  محيط‌هاي پيچيده دانشگاهي و حجم بالاي الزامات آموزشي، استرس تحصيلي را به يكي از موانع اصلي موفقيت دانشجويان تبديل كرده است. در اين راستا، هوش هيجاني به عنوان يك سپر محافظتي شناخته مي‌شود؛ اما مكانيسم دقيق اثرگذاري آن در عصر فناوري نيازمند تبيين است. به نظر مي‌رسد مهارت‌هاي شناختي-رفتاري همچون خودتنظيمي و قابليت‌هاي فناورانه نظير سواد ديجيتال، حلقه‌هاي مفقوده‌اي هستند كه مي‌توانند اثر هوش هيجاني بر كاهش استرس را تسهيل كنند. بر همين اساس، پژوهش حاضر با هدف اصلي مدل‌سازي و بررسي نقش ميانجي سواد ديجيتال و خودتنظيمي در رابطه ميان هوش هيجاني و استرس تحصيلي در بين دانشجويان دانشگاه رازي انجام شد. پژوهش حاضر كاربردي و از نوع توصيفي-همبستگي مبتني بر مدل‌سازي معادلات ساختاري (SEM) بود. جامعه آماري دانشجويان دانشگاه رازي در سال تحصيلي ????-???? بود. با روش نمونه‌گيري خوشه‌اي، ??? نفر انتخاب و پس از ريزش، داده‌هاي ??? نفر تحليل شد. ابزارهاي پژوهش شامل پرسشنامه‌هاي استاندارد هوش هيجاني (ساته و همكاران، ????)، استرس تحصيلي (بدوي، ????)، سواد ديجيتال (ودا و همكاران، ????) و خودتنظيمي (پينتريچ و همكاران، ????) بود. داده‌ها با نرم‌افزارهاي   -24 و AMOS-24تحليل گرديد. نتايج حاصل از مدل‌سازي معادلات ساختاري نشان داد كه اثر مستقيم هوش هيجاني بر استرس تحصيلي منفي و معنادار است (25/0-=?)، همچنين، هوش هيجاني اثر مثبت و معناداري بر سواد ديجيتال (17/0=?) و خودتنظيمي(40/0=?) دارد. از سوي ديگر، اثر مستقيم سواد ديجيتال (58/0-=?) و خودتنظيمي(28/0-=?) بر استرس تحصيلي منفي و معنادار به دست آمد. افزون بر اين، نتايج آزمون سوبل نقش ميانجي متغيرها را تأييد كرد؛ بدين‌گونه كه هوش هيجاني هم از طريق ارتقاي سواد ديجيتال (15/3=Z) و هم از طريق بهبود خودتنظيمي (29/2=Z) به طور غيرمستقيم موجب كاهش استرس تحصيلي دانشجويان مي‌شود. بر اساس يافته‌هاي پژوهش، هوش هيجاني به عنوان يك منبع روان‌شناختي مهم، نه تنها به صورت مستقيم، بلكه با فعال‌سازي توانمندي‌هاي فناورانه (سواد ديجيتال) و مهارت‌هاي مديريت شناختي-رفتاري (خودتنظيمي)، نقش مؤثري در مهار استرس تحصيلي ايفا مي‌كند. از اين رو، طراحي مداخلات آموزشي چندبعدي در دانشگاه‌ها جهت ارتقاي همزمان هوش هيجاني، سواد رسانه‌اي و مهارت‌هاي خودتنظيمي براي صيانت از سلامت روان دانشجويان پيشنهاد مي‌گردد.

  Learning can be considered as one of the most fundamental processes that enable individuals to evolve and grow into transformed individuals with enhanced cognitive abilities and thinking beyond predetermined boundaries. Meanwhile, specific learning disorder is one of the most significant childhood disorders, characterized as a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects the brain’s ability to receive, process, store, and respond to information. This disorder is also associated with behavioral problems and difficulties in memory performance and problem-solving. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of STEM-based education on working memory and problem-solving in students with learning disorders.The present study employed a quasi-experimental design with a pre-test-post-test and control group. The statistical population included all elementary school students with specific learning disorders in Kermanshah province during the 2024-2025 academic year. The sample size consisted of 30 students with learning disorders, selected through convenient sampling and based on the study’s inclusion criteria. They were randomly assigned to an experimental group(n=15) and a control group (n=15). The experimental group received STEM-based education tasks for eight sessions, two sessions per week, each lasting 45 minutes. The scales used in this study included the CLDQ Learning Disability Assessment (2011), the Shallice and Warrington’s (1982) London Tower Test, and the Kirchner’s (1958) n-back task. The collected data were analyzed using univariate covariance analysis and    version 24 software. the results showed that training based on project - based method (STEM) has effective on improving and improving working memory and solving problem of students with learning disorder ( p < 0/01). also there is a significant difference between the mean of 0.075 ( p = 075 , p = 150 ) and active memory ( p = 0.023 , 429 = 0.023 ) in the experimental and control groups in post - test . since students with learning problems are usually present in normal schools and their needs are ignored, considering the findings of this study , it is important to consider the findings of this study and it seems necessary to develop a program for early diagnosis and effective interventions for these students .also attention to executive functions such as solving problem and working memory as the main cognitive components should not be neglected

   Given the importance of upper secondary school as a critical and decisive stage in students’ academic trajectories, and considering the multiple challenges of this period—such as exam pressure, competition for university admission, and family expectations—identifying the factors influencing academic success and students’ psychological well-being has become increasingly important. Therefore, the present study aimed to examine the relationship between perceived academic support and academic engagement and academic achievement, with academic resilience as a mediator. This applied study employed a descriptive correlational design using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The statistical population consisted of upper secondary school students in Kermanshah, Iran, during the 2025–2026 academic year. A sample of 250 students was selected through multi-stage cluster sampling. Participants completed the Perceived Academic Support Questionnaire (Rees et al., 2022), the Academic Engagement Scale (Reeve & Tseng, 2011), the Academic Resilience Scale (Samuels, 2004), and the Academic Achievement Questionnaire (Pham & Taylor, 1990). Data were analyzed using   -26 and AMOS-24, with the significance level set at 0.05 for all tests. The results indicated that the proposed model demonstrated a good fit to the data. Findings showed that perceived academic support had a positive and significant relationship with academic engagement (? = 0.58, P < 0.001) and academic achievement (? = 0.44, P < 0.001). Moreover, perceived academic support significantly predicted academic resilience (? = 0.43, P < 0.001). In addition, academic resilience significantly predicted academic achievement (? = 0.35, P < 0.001) and academic engagement (? = 0.62, P < 0.001). The results of the Sobel test also indicated that academic resilience played a significant mediating role in the relationship between perceived academic support and academic achievement (Z = 1.98, P < 0.01), as well as between perceived academic support and academic engagement (Z = 6.64, P < 0.01). Overall, perceived academic support not only exerted a direct effect but also indirectly enhanced students’ academic engagement and achievement through increasing academic resilience. Given the importance of improving educational quality and students’ mental health during secondary education, the findings highlight the necessity of designing intervention programs aimed at strengthening academic support and fostering resilience skills in schools.

   Abstract Purpose: This study aims to assess the effectiveness of social media literacy training on cognitive warfare among students at Razi University. Method: This study is an applied research in terms of its objective. It employs a quasi-experimental design, specifically a pre-test/post-test control group design. The participants were selected using a convenience sampling method. A total of 32 students were chosen during the 2024-2025 academic year and were randomly assigned to either a control group (n=16) or an experimental group (n=16). For data analysis, both descriptive and inferential statistical tests were utilized. Findings: The findings indicate that social media literacy training has a significant positive effect on enhancing students' ability to counter cognitive warfare. However, a more detailed analysis revealed a more complex picture. The educational intervention did not have a significant impact on five (Navigation, Curation, Appraisal, Comprehension and Creation) of the six components of social media literacy. In contrast, the only component significantly affected by the training was the interaction dimension, suggesting a change in users' social behavior in the virtual space. Conclusion: The findings of this study indicate that social media literacy training positively and significantly enhanced students' ability to counter cognitive warfare. However, a more detailed analysis of the components revealed that this overall effect did not stem from an improvement in cognitive skills such as Navigation, Appraisal, or content comprehension, as the educational intervention had no significant impact on these dimensions. Conversely, the interaction component was the only one that showed significant improvement. This key finding suggests that the students' increased resistance to cognitive warfare is rooted not in the enhancement of critical content analysis abilities, but rather in a shift in their behavioral patterns and social interactions within the Social Media. Keywords: Cognitive Warfare, Social Media Literacy, Media Literacy Education, Creation, Razi University Students. Abstract Purpose: This study aims to assess the effectiveness of social media literacy training on cognitive warfare among students at Razi University. Method: This study is an applied research in terms of its objective. It employs a quasi-experimental design, specifically a pre-test/post-test control group design. The participants were selected using a convenience sampling method. A total of 32 students were chosen during the 2024-2025 academic year and were randomly assigned to either a control group (n=16) or an experimental group (n=16). For data analysis, both descriptive and inferential statistical tests were utilized. Findings: The findings indicate that social media literacy training has a significant positive effect on enhancing students' ability to counter cognitive warfare. However, a more detailed analysis revealed a more complex picture. The educational intervention did not have a significant impact on five (Navigation, Curation, Appraisal, Comprehension and Creation) of the six components of social media literacy. In contrast, the only component significantly affected by the training was the interaction dimension, suggesting a change in users' social behavior in the virtual space. Conclusio

   Abstract The present study aimed to investigate the mediating role of academic self-efficacy and future time perspective in the relationship between cognitive control and academic grit among college students. Based on a post-positivist paradigm, a quantitative approach was employed within the framework of a correlational design using structural equation modeling. From the students of universities in Kermanshah city during the academic year 2023-2024, 600 participants were selected using a convenience sampling method. The Behavioral Rating Inventory of Executive Function – Adult Version (BRIEF-A; Roth et al., 2005), the Future Time Perspective Scale (FT   Brothers et al., 2014), the Academic Self-Efficacy Scale (McIlroy et al., 2000), and the Short Academic Grit Scale (Duckworth & Quinn, 2009) were used to collect data. The findings were analyzed using structural equation modeling with   27 and SmartPLS 4 software’s. Results indicated that the research model had a good fit with the data, and the validity and reliability indicators of the measurement model met the necessary standards for structural equation modeling. Additionally, the results obtained from Structural model indicated a direct and significant relationship between inhibitory control and academic grit (? = 0.188, t = 3.194, p < 0.001), working memory and academic grit (? = 0.231, t = 4.120, p < 0.001), inhibitory control and academic self-efficacy (? = 0.272, t = 4.914, p < 0.001), cognitive flexibility and academic self-efficacy (? = 0.272, t = 4.497, p < 0.001), working memory and academic self-efficacy (? = 0.329, t = 6.267, p < 0.001, inhibitory control and future time perspective (? = 0.381, t = 7.241, p < 0.001), cognitive flexibility and future time perspective (? = 0.561, t =2.687, p < 0.001), working memory and future time perspective   (?= 0.342, t = 7.004, p = 0.001), future time perspective and academic grit (?= 0.200, t = 3.912, p < 0.001) and academic self-efficacy and academic grit (?= 0.201, t = 3.755, p < 0.001). It is noteworthy that no significant relationship was reported between cognitive flexibility and academic grit (?= 0.082, t = 1.365, p = 0.173). Overall, the results suggest that part of the indirect effect of cognitive flexibility, inhibition, and working memory on academic grit among college students can be predicted and explained through the level of academic self-efficacy and future time perspective. Furthermore, the results indicated that the variables of the conceptual model of the present study collectively explain 61% of the variance in academic grit among students.    Keywords: Cognitive Flexibility, Inhibitory control, Working Memory, Academic Self-efficacy, Future Time Perspective, Academic Grit, college students, Structural Equation Modeling.   

   Abstract In the contemporary world where career constitutes an important part of people’s lives, career identity is considered a vital subset of an individual’s overall identity. This concept refers to an individual’s sense of their place and role in society through career and career path. The aim of the present study was to investigate the psychometric properties (validity and reliability) of the Career Identity Development Scale in Kermanshah students. This study was descriptive-correlational in nature and its statistical population consisted of all Kermanshah students in the academic year 1403-1404, which was conducted using multi-stage cluster sampling. In order to collect data, the Career Identity Development Scale of Wendling and Sagas (2022), the Job Self-Efficacy Decision-Making Questionnaire of Betts et al. (1996), and the Job Distress Inventory of Creed et al. (2015) were used. Descriptive and inferential statistical methods were used to analyze the data, including Cronbach's alpha coefficient, confirmatory, content and criterion factor analysis, and Pearson correlation coefficients. The findings showed that the career identity development scale has acceptable construct validity. Also, the Laveshe coefficient of all items was above the acceptable limit (0.6). The results of confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the two-factor structure of the scale including "career exploration" and "career commitment" and showed that this model has a good fit with the data. Also, a positive and significant correlation with job decision-making self-efficacy (as convergent validity) of 0.42 at a significance level of 0.01 and a negative and significant correlation with job distress (as divergent validity) with a coefficient of -0.59 at a significance level of 0.01 were also obtained. In terms of reliability, Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.93 for the entire scale and subscales was at a very desirable level. Overall, the results of this study show that the Career Identity Development Scale is a valid and reliable tool for assessing the process of occupational identification in the Kermanshah student community and can be used by counselors and psychologists to plan occupational interventions.    Keywords: Identity, Career Identity, Career Development, Career Identity Development

  Objective:The primary objective of the present study was to investigate the relationship between artificial intelligence (AI) literacy and job performance among librarians working in public libraries of Kurdistan Province. In this regard, different aspects of job performance—including task performance, contextual performance, and counterproductive work behavior—were taken into consideration.Method:This research is applied in purpose and descriptive–correlational in nature. The statistical population consisted of 215 librarians employed in public libraries of Kurdistan Province in 2025. Based on Morgan’s table, 140 participants were selected through simple random sampling. Data collection instruments included Kennedy’s (2023) standardized AI Literacy Questionnaire and Koopmans et al.’s (2014) standardized Job Performance Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using regression analysis and one-sample  t-tests.Findings:The results indicated a significant positive relationship between AI literacy and librarians’ task performance (  ? 0.05). Moreover, a significant relationship was observed between AI literacy and counterproductive work behavior: certain dimensions of AI literacy, such as “data, information, and problem-solving literacy” and “job-related competencies,” predicted an increase in counterproductive behaviors, whereas the “problem-solving” dimension predicted their decrease. In contrast, no significant relationship was found between AI literacy and contextual performance. Results of the one-sample  t-test further revealed that both AI literacy and job performance levels among librarians were above average.Conclusion:Based on the findings, it can be concluded that enhancing AI literacy—particularly in areas such as data literacy, information literacy, and problem-solving skills—plays a vital role in improving librarians’ task performance while reducing counterproductive behaviors. This, in turn, can enhance the quality of public library services in the digital transformation era. Therefore, investing in AI-related specialized training programs for librarians is essential and will contribute to improving the quality of services in public libraries.Keywords:  AI literacy, problem-solving skills, data literacy, job performance, librarians of public libraries in Kurdistan Province

   Abstract This study aimed to examine the mediating role of psychological flexibility and self-regulation in the relationship between academic emotions and academic achievement among high school students in Qasr-e Shirin. The research was descriptive and correlational, with data collected quantitatively. The statistical population consisted of 1,420 male and female high school students in Qasr-e Shirin, from which a sample of 300 students was selected using a cluster random sampling method. Data collection tools included standardized questionnaires: Pintrich and De Groot’s (1990) self-regulation questionnaire, Bond et al.’s (2011) psychological flexibility scale, academic achievement based on students’ previous semester GPA, and Pekrun et al.’s (2005) academic emotions questionnaire. Data analysis was conducted at descriptive and inferential levels using    version 26 and Smart PLS version 3, employing Pearson’s correlation test and structural equation modeling. The results showed that the direct relationship between psychological flexibility and academic achievement (0.011) and the direct relationship between negative emotions and academic achievement (0.056) were not significant at the 0.05 level. However, the direct relationship between self-regulation and academic achievement (0.169), positive emotions and psychological flexibility (0.296), and positive emotions and self-regulation (0.297) were significant. Moreover, the direct relationships between negative emotions and psychological flexibility (-0.172), negative emotions and self-regulation (-0.236), and negative emotions and academic achievement (-0.147) were negative, significant, and weak. According to the findings, self-regulation plays an important role in academic achievement and has a positive direct relationship with students’ positive emotions. Enhancing students’ self-regulation skills and positive emotions can improve their academic performance. Additionally, reducing negative emotions effectively increases psychological flexibility and academic success. Keywords: psychological flexibility, self-regulation, academic emotions, academic achievement, students, Qasr-e Shirin County

  One of the most common cardiac diseases is congenital heart defects, which threaten children's health. The prevalence rate in Iran is slightly higher than the global rate. According to global statistics, 8-9 out of every thousand newborns worldwide suffer from congenital heart diseases ranging from mild to severe. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between perceived social support and cognitive emotion regulation strategies with treatment adherence in cyanotic heart patients, with resilience playing a mediating role. The study population included all cyanotic heart patients visiting Imam Ali Hospital in Kermanshah, with a sample of 223 patients selected through convenience sampling. The data collection tools included the Perceived Social Support Questionnaire by Zimet et al. (1988), the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Strategies Questionnaire by Garnefski et al. (2001), the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (2003), and the Treatment Adherence Questionnaire by Medanlou (2013). Data were analyzed using    version 25 and Amos version 24 software, employing structural equation modeling (SEM) at a significance level of 0.05. The calculated goodness-of-fit indices indicated that resilience mediates the relationship between adaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies and treatment adherence (? = 0.033). Additionally, resilience mediates the relationship between maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies and treatment adherence (? = 0.004). Overall, the results of this study suggest that cognitive emotion regulation strategies (both adaptive and maladaptive) with resilience as a mediator can provide an effective model for explaining treatment adherence. These findings can lead to better interventions and support programs in medical centers for children with congenital heart diseases.

   Abstract Research Objective: The aim of this study is to determine the status of smartness in Kermanshah academic libraries from the perspective of library staff. Research Method: This study is descriptive in nature and conducted using a survey method. Data was collected using the Jadhav and Shenoy (2020) questionnaire. The statistical population consists of 50 academic staff and librarians who were working in the year 2024 and were surveyed. Research Findings: The average score for the smart technology component is reported as 2.47, the smart building component as 2.55, the smart services component as 2.75, the smart people component as 2.98, and the smart smart governance component as 2.71. The average scores for smart components, including smart services, smart regulations, smart technology, smart building, and smart people, are statistically the same across groups of men and women, fields of study (library science, information science, and other fields), job positions (librarian and non-librarian), and educational levels (bachelor’s and master’s degrees). There is no significant difference in the variance of smart library components across different age groups. Additionally, the smart people component is the same between the age groups of 20-30 years and 41-50 years, with no significant difference between them. However, the smart people component in the age group of 20-30 years and 41-50 years is significantly lower than in the age group of 31-40 years. Conclusion: Since the average scores for smart technology, smart building, smart services, and smart governance in academic libraries in Kermanshah Province are below average, efforts should be made to improve them. In today’s world, smartness and the utilization of modern technologies are of great importance, especially in academic libraries, which are considered among the most important information centers.    Keywords: Smart library, library smartness, smart technology, academic library staff, Kermanshah.   

  ديابت يك بيماري مزمن و خطرناك است كه به رفتارهاي خودمراقبتي خاص تا پايان عمر نياز دارد و نياز بيماران ديابتي تنها به كنترل قند خون محدود نمي شود، بلكه پيشگيري از عوارض و توانبخشي جسمي و رواني نيز ضروري است. عوامل روانشناختي متعددي مانند خودپنداره و خود مديريتي وجود دارد كه با اين بيماري در ارتباط است. لذا اين پژوهش با هدف آزمون مدل ارتباط خودمراقبتي مبتني بر خود مديريتي و خودپنداره از طريق تنظيم هيجان در بيماران ديابتي انجام شده است. روش پژوهش حاضر همبستگي از نوع مدلسازي معادلات ساختاري بود كه جامعه آماري شامل كليه بيماران ديابتي مراجعه كننده به كلينك غدد تهران در سال1403 مي باشد كه از بين آنها 250 نفر به روش نمونه گيري در دسترس انتخاب و از آنها خواسته شد به پرسشنامه هاي خودمراقبتي ، تنظيم هيجان، خود مديريتي، خودپنداره و ديابت پاسخ دهند. براي تجزيه و تحليل داده ها از آمار توصيفي و استنباطي استفاده شده است. ضريب همبستگي پيرسون و تحليل رگرسيون سلسله مراتبي با استفاده از نرم افزار و AMoSS-24,   -28 انجام شده است. نتايج نشان داد كه خودمراقبتي بيماران ديابتي بر اساسخودمديريتي و خودپنداره با ميانجي گري تنظيم هيجان پيش بيني مي شود. از نظر آماري و در سطح اطمينان حداقل 95 درصد تاثير خودمديريتي بر خودمراقبتي تاييد شد (05/0>p). جهت تاثير مثبت بود و بيانگر اين بود كه افزايش خودمديريتي با افزايش خودمراقبتي همراه است. تاثير خودپنداره نيز بر خودمراقبتي تاييد شد (05/0>p). نقش ميانجي گر راهبرد ارزيابي مجدد در رابطه بين خودمديريتي و خودمراقبتي تاييد شد (05/0>p). همچنين يافته ها نشان داد نقش ميانجي گري بازداري تاييد نشده است و با توجه به سطح معني داري كه برابر با 186/0 بود مي توان نتيجه گرفت كه راهبرد بازداري نقش ميانجي گر در رابطه بين خودمديريتي و خودمراقبتي نداشت (05/0<p). همچنين راهبردهاي ارزيابي مجدد و بازداري نقش ميانجي گري معني داري ندارند و نتوانسته اند بين خودپنداره و خودمراقبتي نقش واسطه گري خود را به طور معني داري ايفا كند (05/0<p). سطح معني داري نقش ميانجي گر ارزيابي مجدد برابر با 351/0 و سطح معني داري بازداري برابر با 280/0 بود كه اين مقادير بيشتر از 05/0 بود و نشان از رد نقش ميانجي داشت.

The general aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between cognitive bias (attention) and social anxiety symptoms in students with the mediating role of emotional and cognitive empathy. In terms of the fundamental research objective and in terms of the method, this research was a correlational research of the structural equation modeling type. The statistical population included all first and second semester students of Razi University in Kermanshah city in the academic year of 1402-1403. Therefore, the total sample selected in this research according to the protocol of Klein (2023) and taking into account the possibility of the sample falling or not answering the questionnaires correctly, was estimated to be 250 people, which were selected using a simple random sampling method. To collect information from social anxiety questionnaires for adults (SAQ-A30); Empathy Scale (BES) and Cognitive Bias Questionnaire (CBS) were used. In this study,   -27 software was used to show the zero-order correlation between variables in the form of a correlation matrix, and structural equation modeling method using AMOS-24 software was used to check the research hypotheses. Data analysis showed that cognitive bias (attention) is related to social anxiety, emotional empathy, cognitive empathy in students and also cognitive bias through emotional empathy is related to social anxiety in students and cognitive bias through cognitive empathy is related to social anxiety in students. has a relationship As a result, universities can use the insights of this study to improve their counseling and psychology services.  

   Abstract Objectives: This research aims to map the scientific structure of thalassemia-related outputs indexed in the Web of Science database, utilizing scientometric analyses. Methodology: This applied study employs methods such as network co-authorship analysis, quantitative content analysis - term co-occurrence analysis, and co-citation analysis to comprehensively address the research questions. The required data, spanning from 2001 to 2023 and comprising 113,000 records, were extracted from the Web of Science citation database. The research population encompasses all documents related to thalassemia indexed in this database, with a focus on articles, review papers, and conference papers in the specified subject field. The analysis was conducted using VOSviewer and Excel software. Findings: The results demonstrate that thalassemia, as a global health challenge, has garnered extensive attention in the scientific community. Prominent keywords in thalassemia research include "anemia," "iron," "children," "risk," "hematology," "disease," "prevention," and "treatment." Leading figures such as "Zhang Yi" and "Wang Yi," "Li, Yi," and prominent institutions like Harvard University, Mayo Clinic, and Johns Hopkins University are identified as key contributors in this domain. Nations like the USA, China, and Italy emerge as frontrunners in thalassemia research. Highly cited works by authors like "Weiss, J." and "Nemt, A." and influential journals such as "Blood Journal," "The New England Journal of Medicine," and "British Journal of Haematology" are highlighted. Esteemed authors like the "World Health Organization," "Ganz, T.," and "McDougall, I.C." are recognized for their significant impact on thalassemia research. These analyses aid in pinpointing scientific leaders, research foci, and collaborative networks, significantly influencing future policy and research strategy development. Conclusion: The thorough scientometric analysis in the thalassemia domain underscores the disease's status as a significant global health concern, attracting ongoing and widespread attention from the scientific community. The in-depth examination of data has revealed key researchers, institutions, and countries, indicating distinct global collaboration patterns and research focuses. Furthermore, the analysis of highly cited articles and authors emphasizes their critical role in advancing and disseminating knowledge in thalassemia research. These insights not only enhance the understanding of scientific trajectories in the thalassemia field but also prove invaluable in shaping and guiding future research policies and strategies.

The present study was conducted with the aim of the relationship between psychological flexibility and mental well-being with the mediation of satisfaction of basic needs and self-compassion in students of Razi University of Kermanshah. This study was applied in terms of purpose and descriptive in terms of correlation type. The statistical population of this research included all the students of Razi University of Kermanshah in the academic year of 1402-1403. In this research, 350 male and female students were selected based on the entry and exit criteria. The tools used in this research are the standard questionnaires of Riff's psychological well-being scale (1989), Oxford happiness scale (Argyle and Hills, 2002), Keys' social well-being scale (1998), Desi and Ryan's basic needs satisfaction scale (2000), self-compassion scale. Varzi, Reis, Pamir, Neff, and Vengachet (2011) and Bund et al.'s psychological flexibility scale (2011). To check the normality of the data distribution using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test; Pearson's correlation test and structural equation model hypotheses test were used to investigate the correlation between variables. The software used was    26 and Mplus 8. The results showed that the path coefficient of psychological flexibility and satisfaction of basic needs in customers is equal to -0.68; The value of the path coefficient of psychological flexibility and self-compassion equals -0.85; The path coefficient of psychological flexibility and mental well-being is not significant. Also, the value of the path coefficient of satisfaction of basic needs and mental well-being was equal to 0.75. The path coefficient of self-compassion and mental well-being is also not significant. Other results showed that satisfaction of basic needs can mediate the relationship between psychological flexibility and mental well-being to the extent of -0.66. Also, self-compassion cannot mediate the relationship between psychological flexibility and subjective well-being. A person who individually improves his mental state and benefits from psychological flexibility, self-compassion and satisfaction of basic needs, can contribute to social structures more effectively.   

   Abstract    The present study examines the mediating role of the self-regulation in the relationship between cognitive control, academic procrastination and cognitive test anxiety in students. In the form of positivism paradigm, with a quantitative approach and in the framework of a correlational design of the structural equation model 452 students were selected from among students aged 16 to 18 in Khorramabad city and completed Persian Version of the ADEXI (Parhoon et al. 2022), Cognitive Flexibility Inventory (CFI; Dennis, & Vander Wal, 2010), Academic Procrastination Scale  (A  McCloskey,  2011), Cognitive Test Anxiety Scale (CTAS; Cassady& Johnson, 2002), and Self regulatio  cale:  ouffard  et al. (1995) were used to collect findings. The findings were analyzed in the framework of structural equation modeling using   26 and SmartPLS 4 software. The results obtained from structural equation modeling indicate a significant effect of cognitive control on academic procrastination (?=0.429; T=8.62; P<.001), cognitive control on cognitive test anxiety (?=0.480; T=9.72; P<.001), cognitive control on self-regulation (?=0.341; T=6.60; P<.001), self-regulation on academic procrastination (?=-0.245; T=5.89; P<.001) and self-regulation on cognitive test anxiety (?=-0.102; T=2.123; P=.034). generally, from the obtained results, it can be concluded that the predictive effect of cognitive control on academic procrastination and cognitive test anxiety increased significantly with the increase in the level of self-regulation. Self-regulation in adolescent students is a protective factor between cognitive control, academic procrastination and cognitive test anxiety. Keywords: cognitive control, academic procrastination, cognitive test anxiety, self-regulation, structural equation modeling.   

  Abstract purpose: The research goal is to determine the relationship between data literacy and academic motivation for students at Razi University. method: The present.research is of applied type and has been carried out by survey method The statistical population of the research is all the students of Razi University in the academic year in the number of 11080 people 1401-1402. According to the Kerjcie and Morgan table, the sample size has been chosen to be 371 individuals. A stratified random sampling method was used to determine the sample size. In this research, in order to collect the required data from the data literacy questionnaire of Wiley, Cinnamon and Kopak (2022) based on five components (understanding data, finding data, reading, interpreting and evaluating data, managing data and using data) and Harter's academic achievement motivation questionnaire (1980) based on two components (intrinsic motivation and extrinsic motivation) were used. Statistical inference and descriptive statistical tests have been used for data analysis in this research. Findings: The findings indicate that the data literacy level of Razi University students is lower than average (24.896) less than 39. Among the dimensions of data literacy, students have the most skill in the component of using data and the least skill in the component of data management. Among the individual characteristics, educational level and age have a significant relationship with the variable of data literacy, and people with higher education have more data literacy. Also, people in the age range of 31 to 35 years have a higher level of data literacy than other ages. But, there is no significant relationship between gender, academic semester, field of study and faculty of the place of study with the variable of data literacy. The findings show that there is a direct and significant relationship between data literacy and the total score of academic achievement motivation and the internal motivation component. But there is a negative and significant relationship between data literacy and external motivation. Also, the findings indicate that all components of data literacy have a direct and significant relationship with the component of internal motivation. According to the findings, the highest correlation value of data literacy components with the total score of educational achievement motivation is related to the data understanding component (0.193). Conclusion: The results of this research showed that the data literacy of students is not at an acceptable level and they have not benefited much from data literacy skills. Also, there is a significant relationship between data literacy and the motivation of students' academic progress. Therefore, the university officials should pay more attention to improving the data literacy level of students and motivating their academic progress, and also students should try to strengthen their data literacy skills. Keywords: Data Literacy, Data Management, Use of Data, Academic Achievement Motivation, Students of Razi University

چكيده تراژدي هاي جمعي، به ويژه مواردي كه شامل بيماري هاي عفوني مي شوند، غالباً موج هايي از ترس و اضطراب را در ميان جامعه افزايش مي دهند كه مي توانند باعث ايجاد اختلال گسترده در فرايندهاي روانشناختي افراد شوند. از زمان شيوع ويروس كرونا كه به عنوان يك بحران سلامت عمومي شناخته شده، شاهد شيوع چشمگير اختلالات اضطرابي در جوامع مختلف بوديم. پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسي نقش ميانجي نشخوار فكري در رابطه ي بين عدم تحمل ابهام و تنظيم شناختي هيجان با اضطراب كرونا در دانشجويان دانشگاه رازي شهر كرمانشاه انجام شد. با استفاده از روش نمونه گيري در دسترس تعداد 370 نفر انتخاب شدند. براي گردآوري داده ها از پرسشنامه هاي تحمـل ابهام مكلين (1993)، تنظيم شناختي هيجانگراتز (2004)، نشخوار فكري نولن هوكسما (1991) و اضطراب كرونا استفاده شد. افراد نمونه مورد بررسي به علت شرايط بيماري كرونا به صورت آنلاين به پرسشنامه هاي طراحي شده در فرم نگار سايت گوگل به سوالات پاسخ دادند. براي بررسي نرمال بودن و همبستگي ميان متغيرهاي پژوهش، به ترتيب از آزمون كلموگروف-اسميرنوف و آزمون همبستگي پيرسون استفاده شد. همچنين براي آزمون فرضيه هاي پژوهش از مدل معادلات ساختاري در فضاي نرم افزاري AMOS 24 استفاده شد. نتايج نشان داد عدم تحمل ابهام و تنظيم هيجان به صورت مستقيم با اضطراب كرونا رابطه معنادار دارند (05/0?p). ديگر يافته ي پژوهش نشان داد نشخوار فكري در رابطه بين عدم تحمل ابهام و تنظيم هيجان با اضطراب كرونا نقش ميانجي ايفا مي كند (05/0?p). بر اين اساس مي توان نتيجه گرفت كه فرايند شناختي نشخوار فكري مي تواند رابطه ي بين عدم تحمل ابهام و تنظيم هيجاني را با اضطراب ميانجي گري مي كند و در برنامه هاي مقابله با اضطراب بر اين مبنا، پيشنهاد مي شود كه اين رابطه مورد توجه قرار گيرد. كليد واژه ها: اضطراب كرونا، تنظيم شناختي هيجان، عدم تحمل ابهام، نشخوار فكري، دانشجويان، دانشگاه رازي.  

   Abstract: In today's world, information literacy has an important and influential role in most people's activities, especially in the field of their employment and entrepreneurship. Therefore, since entrepreneurship requires initiative and innovation, information literacy can have an important and effective role on entrepreneurship and employment in a society.       Aim: Considering the importance and special place that information literacy has in today's world and also the effect that entrepreneurship has on the growth and increase of new and innovative products in the society; The purpose of this research is to identify and analyze the variable effect of information literacy on entrepreneurial capabilities among technological units located in Science and Technology Park of Kermanshah.          Metodology: The present research is theoretical and applied in terms of type, which will be done by documentary-analytical and survey method. The statistical population in this research includes the number of 285 technological units in the science and technology park of Kermanshah, of which 164 units were considered as samples based on Morgan's table. To collect research data, a questionnaire tool was used, which includes two standard information literacy questionnaires and a questionnaire of entrepreneurial abilities. In this research, descriptive statistics and inferential statistics were used to analyze the research data.          Findings The findings showed that all the components of information literacy had a positive and significant effect on the entrepreneurial abilities of the entrepreneurs of the technological units of Kermanshah Science and Technology Park, but among all the components of information literacy, the Effective use of information, effective access to information and critical evaluation of information are the strongest predictive variables for entrepreneurial capabilities.          Conclusion: The results of the findings indicated that according to the significant role of the three components of effective use of information, effective access to information and critical evaluation of information in predicting entrepreneurial capabilities, it is necessary to expand entrepreneurial capabilities in Science and technology parks should pay special attention to these three components.             Keywords: Information literacy, entrepreneurship, Science and Technology Park, Kermanshah

 the aim of this study was to determine the role of social and islamic lifestyle

   يكي از مؤثرترين عوامل ارتقاي جامعه­ي بشري در سطوح مختلف، توليد علم و دانش است. با نگاهي به كشورهاي پيشرفته پي خواهيم برد كه علوم، تنها از راه آموزش توليد نمي­شوند و در اين زمينه پژوهش نيزاز اهميت ويژه‌اي برخوردار است. توانايي بشر معاصر در حل معضلات جامعه، حاصل پژوهش بوده و هر اندازه مسائل پيچيده­تر مي­شوند ضرورت برنامه‌ريزي براي فعاليت­هاي آن بيشتراحساس مي‌شود. افزون بر رسالت آموزش، پژوهش نيزاغلب برعهده­ي دانشگاه­ها و مراكز آموزش عالي است. دانشگاه به عنوان برجسته­ترين سازمان علمي، با عمل به مسئوليت­هاي خاصي كه دارد مي­تواند جايگاه مهمي درپيشرفت و تعالي جامعه داشته   باشد. دوره­ي تحصيلات تكميلي بخشي از نظام آموزش عالي است و مشخصه­ي اصلي و فعاليت بارز يك دانشجوي مقطع تحصيلات تكميلي در تمامي رشته­ها، نگارش پايان­نامه است. پايان­نامه گزارشي است كامل از فرايند يافتن پاسخ يك پرسش يا يافتن راه­حل يك مسئله كه پژوهشگري آن را برعهده گرفته و به پايان رسانده است، مشروط بر اين­كه همه­ي مراحل پژوهش را از زماني كه به شكل پرسش يا مسئله بوده، تا وقتي­كه به شكل نتايج مدون و مرتب كه با تجزيه و تحليل اعداد مستدل شده است، را در برگيرد (نايب­پور و بريري، 1387). علم اطلاعات و دانش­شناسي به عنوان يكي از رشته­هاي دانشگاهي حوزه­ي علوم انساني در راستاي تحقق محورهاي پژوهشي خود، لازم مي­داند كه به­طور مرتب به بازنگري و ارزيابي انواع منابع اطلاعاتي بپردازد. ارزيابي فرايندي است كه به­وسيله­ي آن درباره­ي يك رويداد، يك فرد، يا يك شيء بر­اساس يك يا چند معيار قضاوت مي‌شود (علوي‌زاده، 1395). اين منابع به صورت­هاي متنوع چاپي و الكترونيكي و در قالب­هاي طرح پژوهشي، گزارش، مقاله ومانند آن ارائه مي­شوند. از زمره­ي دستاوردهاي اطلاعاتي با­ارزش دانشگاهي در هر رشته­اي كه بعد از طي فرآيندهاي بررسي­ و ارائه­ي نتايج مبتني بر علوم، مي‌توانند نقش قابل‌توجهي درشناخت نيازها و مشكلات جامعه و پاسخگويي به آن­ها داشته باشد، پايان­نامه­ها هستند.

   Abstract Purpose: The purpose of this study is to determine the role of the public library in the social and economic development of society, from the perspective of users of public libraries. Methodology: The present study is applied-developmental and descriptive-survey. The statistical population of the present study is all members of Kermanshah public libraries (26933 people by the end of December 1398). According to the Cochran's formula, 379 people were selected as the sample. The sampling method used in this study was simple random. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect data. The reliability of the questionnaires was calculated using Cronbach's alpha coefficient and was equal to 0.83, which indicates that the questionnaire has a good reliability. Then, to analyze the data and test the research questions from descriptive indicators (frequency distribution table, mean and standard deviation), T-sample test, independent t-test and two-way analysis of variance in    software S was used Findings: The results show that there is a significant difference between the average social and economic development of the community with the average value and the average obtained is larger. In other words, public libraries play an important role in the social and economic development of society. Conclusion:   The results of data analysis showed that public libraries have an effective role in social and economic development and have the greatest impact on the welfare index, purchasing power parity, social justice, quality of life and per capita income, respectively. In different genders and different levels of education, there is no significant difference between the average respondents' opinions about the role of public libraries on the social and economic development of society, but 10 married respondents acknowledge the role of public libraries more than single people. Keywords: Economic Development, Social Development, Public Library, Public Library Users, Kermanshah

  The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between early maladaptive schemas, knowledge and sexual attitude with attitudes toward extramarital relationships in married men in Kermanshah. The method of the present study is descriptive-correlational. The statistical population of the study included all married men in Kermanshah in 1399. From the statistical population, 5,260 people were selected as the research sample by multi-stage cluster sampling method. For data collection, extramarital relationships questionnaires, short form of Yang early maladaptive schemas, knowledge and sexual attitude questionnaire were used. Pearson correlation and regression analysis were used to analyze the data. The findings showed that there is a significant relationship between. The correlation between sexual attitude and sexual knowledge of married men with extramarital relationships is 0.34 and there is no significant relationship between early maladaptive schemas with extramarital relationships and the average attitude to extramarital relationships in married men is not equal to the average (3) but more than 3 is.

Purpose:   Different people may have different perceptions of the same images, the digital images guide, which is a method of teaching in the field of visual literacy, has been created to read images with deep meanings. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of digital image guide on improving intercultural communication competence in Iranian intermediate level EFL Learners.    Method: The method of the present study is a mixed of quantitative and qualitative stages, the first stage was done by quasi-experimental method and using a pre-test design with a control group. The statistical population of the present study consists of incoming students in the field of information science and science at Razi University of Kermanshah in 1399, from which 22 (experimental group 11 and control 11) were selected by convenience sampling. This method consists of two groups of subjects who were given version one of both Oxford Test version 1 groups. Then, both groups were measured twice. In this design, pre-test and post-test are visual literacy and intercultural communication competence questionnaire. After performing a pre-test for both groups (experimental and control), the researcher taught intercultural communication competence to the experimental group through 9 sessions 30-minute through images. The images used in this study were selected from Getty Images and Flickr sites and then post-test was performed for both groups. The instruments of this study were Oxford Test version 1 with 82% reliability and intercultural communication knowledge questionnaire and visual literacy questionnaire with 87% reliability. Their validity was also confirmed by 5 faculty members of Razi University and Shahid Beheshti University. In order to analyze the data, descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and analytical statistics (Shapiro-Wilk Test, Leven’s Test, analysis of covariance and Pearson correlation coefficient) were used using    software version 22. In the second stage, semi-structured interviews were used to collect data, and the qualitative method presented by Broun and Clarke (2006) was used to analyze the collected data.       Finding: Based on the findings, the mean scores in the post-test of the experimental group have increased. The results of analysis of covariance showed that using the digital images guide, the level of intercultural communication competence and visual literacy increased and the results of Pearson correlation coefficient showed that there is a strong and significant positive relationship between visual literacy and intercultural communication competence. Findings in the qualitative section also showed that learners have a positive opinion about the digital images guide and believe that this method has increased their level of visual literacy and intercultural communication competence and can better recognize the cultural features reflected in the images.      Conclusion: The results of this study showed that using digital images guide can increase the level of visual literacy and intercultural communication competence, also there is a strong positive relationship between visual literacy and intercultural communication competence, so that by increasing the level of visual literacy can it also increased the level of intercultural communication competence. As a result, efforts should be made to change the education system, which is based on traditional methods, and to teach students visual literacy and intercultural communication competence so that they can understand the concepts and increase their learning.   

  Purpose: The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between information literacy and the ability to spot fake news among Kermanshah public library users.  Method: The research method is descriptive correlational and the type of applied target. The statistical population of this research includes all of public library users of Kermanshah city, which According to the statistics and resources department of the public librareis of Kermanshah province at the end of August 2018, there are 22,787 people who are members of 18 public libraries. Using Morgan table and cluster sampling, 377 people were selected as sample size. To collect data, a researcher-made questionnaire designed to detect fake news based on eight IFLA informational components and the Qassemi information literacy questionnaire (2006) were used. In this research, data analysis was done in two sections: descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. In the descriptive statistics section, information abundance distribution tables were summarized. In the inferential statistics section, to test the hypotheses and find the relationships between variables, the structural equation modeling in Lisrel software and Pearson correlation coefficient test, One-way analysis of variance and multiple comparisons tests have been used in    software.Findings: Findings indicate that the level of information literacy as well as the ability to detect fake news (excluding the questionnaire of experts (librarians)) among users of public libraries in Kermanshah is slightly above average. The highest value belongs to the "consider the source" component and the smallest amount belongs to the "ask of experts" component. In general, the average of the variables of the ability to detect fake news among users of public libraries in Kermanshah is equal to 3.522 and about 58%, and the information literacy variable is equal to 3.251 and is about 54%. The findings indicate that there is a relationship between information literacy and the ability to detect fake news as a whole, as well as information literacy through the ability to detect fake news components. The results also indicate that among the demographic variables, only the level of education and field of study with the variable of information literacy and the level of education and age are associated with the variable of the ability to detect fake news.  Conclusions: Given the fact that there is a positive relationship between information literacy and the ability to detect false news among users of public libraries in Kermanshah, public libraries should consider technology education such as information literacy to detect and combat fake news.  Keywords: information literacy, fake news, public library users  

The role of Knowledge-based Economy in controlling inflation and improving productivity in Iran

  Abstract:Purpose: The aim of this study was determining the use of electronic and print resources and its effective factors among students of Razi university and Islamic Azad university of Kermanshah.Methodology: The research method was descriptive survey and data gathering tool is a questionnaire. The population of the study is students studying at all grades at Razi university and Islamic Azad university of Kermanshah in the academic year 2017-2018. The research sample was estimated using the Cochran sample size formula of 380 people, and was used volume-proportional random sampling method. Content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by masters. To determine the reliability of the questionnaire, Cronbachs alpha coefficient was used and its reliability was equal to 0.80. The    software ver. 21 was used to analyze data.Findings: Among students in both universities, 63.2% preferred electronic resources to print sources. The databases and the research reports had the highest usage and compact discs (CD) and newspapers had the lowest usage among electronic and print sources. The usage rate of the electronic resources and print resources was too much and modest, respectively. The databases and the printed books had the highest, and compact discs and patent permits, had the lowest responsiveness to information needs. The satisfaction level of information needs of both universities was moderate by electronic resources and print resources. The most skill of using related to the Internet and search facilities in it, and the least rate related to the compact discs. Access to information in the shortest time, the most important incentive factor, and destructive effects on the eyes and brain, was the most important deterrent the use of electronic resources. Correct and valid information, the most important incentive factor, and time-consuming process of search and lending, was the most important deterrent the use of print resources. There was a significant difference between the average use of electronic and print resources based on demographic factors (gender, age, income level, educational level) only in different educational levels. There was no significant difference between universities and colleges regarding to the use of electronic and printed resources.Conclusion: The results show, although using electronic resources, is more than print resources, due to their benefits, but print sources still are being used significantly. and that means that electronic resources can not replace of the print sources completely, but electronic and print resources used by students as complement each other. Due to the importance of both templates of information resources for students, authorities should pay attention to reinforcement of Library collection.Keywords: Usage, Electronic Resources, Print Resources, Students, Effective Factors, Razi University, Azad University, Kermanshah

Aim: The main purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between skills of multilingualism and information behavior of graduate students at Razi University.Methodology: The present research in term of type is an applied research;but in terms of method it is a survey method. It can also be considered as correlation research.In general all these are href="https://golestan.razi.ac.ir/TextArea/Em.htm?name=F29541& Max=5000& Cap=چكيده لاتين&Lan=2&arg=0#_ftn1" name=_ftnref1>[1] students at Razi University who were studying in the second half of the academic year 1395-1396.The research population was 6972. Sample size365 people with cochran formula and error level 0/05 was obtained.and a multi-stagerandom probability sampling method was used.for data analysis.mean test,one way ANOVA and independent T-teat were used.Results: The finding showed no significant relationship between skills of multilingualism and information behavior of graduate students of Razi University. Also, there was no significant difference between the information behavior of graduate students of Razi University based on multilingualism skills.except for four skills of English plus the ability to speak Arabic other linguistic skills do not have   significant relationship with the information behavior of graduate students Razi University. Information behavior of students based on skills of multilingualism and the effect of gender and and level of education were used in the mean test and the efect of two layers of gender and education level; The findings showed that the three- tongue students of men MA(3/75) are more than others. Also Bilingual PHD men have higher average PHD leve(3/83) than others. But in general, the average behavior of women MA and PHD degrees is higher than men. This means that the female students of the multilingual in each of the two MA and PHD degrees have higher mean score.Conclusion: the results showed that language as a useful tool in the field of information behaviorhas been deeply embedded among incident students and according to research results, an individual who know a language and who speaks multiple languages doesnot differ in terms of information behavior. with regard to the choice of both Kurdish and English, it is recommended that universities consider this issue in providing resources and sharing databaces. The students also must pay more attention to language.   And they must try more to learning and using this useful tool in their ow   information activities.universities can also setup language footnote-list">[1] - MA and PHD degrees

  urpose: The main purpose of this study is to determine the information seeking behavior in the context of daily life of the users of public libraries in Sanandaj.Method: In this research, an information-seeking approach in everyday life of Ellis is used to investigate the information seeking behavior in the context of everyday life, and using a descriptive-analytic survey method. The participants in this study include all the users of public libraries in Sanandaj province under the supervision of the public libraries of the country; with more than 16 years old in 1395 with a total of 7071 people. The sample of the study was calculated based on Morgans 364-people curriculum. The data gathering tool was a questionnaire with 51 questions of M.A thesis (1394) of Rosaie, Pashuheshgary, Senar, Valence and Zero (2005). Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics have been used.Findings: The findings of this study showed that the most popular information channels for the users of public libraries in Sanandaj are personal resources, printed and electronic resources, respectively. Other findings from the research also suggest that women use printed resources more than men, so that this difference is meaningful, but there is no significant difference between different sexes in terms of using personal and electronic resources.; also married couples use printed resources more than single ones, and singles use personal resources more than married ones, and this difference is significant statistically, but there is no significant difference in terms of using electronic resources between singles and marrieds. There is no significant difference between respondents with different educational levels in the use of electronic resources. But there is a significant difference between the level of education in terms of using personal and printed resources. Moreover, the findings showed that most of the public libraries of Sanandaj have a positive attitude toward the role and presence of information in their daily lives. In addition, among the factors affecting respondents information behavior, proper computer skills and ease of access to the Internet, the highest average rating (95%) and distance to the general library, the lowest average rating (49%) are among the various factors.Conclusion: Managers and planners in the institution of public libraries related to user information behavior to identify their daily information behavior in their own organization can use this information in the best way to manage and control the organization in terms of different social, cultural and livelihoods of families, and by eliminating the needs of their users make the best decisions in the best way.Key words: information behavior, information in the context of everyday life, public library users, Sanandaj city

Review:Objective: This study aimed to identify the main sources of information seeking also to identify students at Razi University in Kermanshah is Health LiteracyMethods: This cross-sectional study among 323 students of Razi University in 1395 wasTo analyze the data, descriptive statistics such as frequency and percentage were used.All have expressed health literacy.Also referring to the national media to explore health literacy information showed that students of Razi University health literacy information through watching a program "TV" have put their first priority. The information referred to online resources to explore health literacy also showed that students of Razi University "website" as the most important online source stated. Referring to the social network to assess health literacy information showed that students at Razi University in "The Social Network telegrams" cited as the most important social network. showed that students of Razi University, "family members" as the most important source Andhmjnyn expressed about the impact of demographic variables findings showed that the search component of health literacy information by visiting doctors, print resources, media, internet, network social, satellite channels and going to parties there was no significant difference between men and women. But in searching for information purposes health literacy significant difference was observed between men and women. In fact, we can say that male students than female students to search for information on health literacy. The results showed that gender affects health literacy searching for information purposes only. The findings also showed that the impact of marital status to single students and married students learn more in search of health literacy. Find information on health education through the media. The results showed that significantly more students with lower family income level of health literacy through the people are in search of information. The results showed that the level of family income students search for information on health education through the media, the Internet and others indexes.

Review:Objective: This study aimed to identify the main sources of information seeking also to identify students at Razi University in Kermanshah is Health LiteracyMethods: This cross-sectional study among 323 students of Razi University in 1395 wasTo analyze the data, descriptive statistics such as frequency and percentage were used.All have expressed health literacy.Also referring to the national media to explore health literacy information showed that students of Razi University health literacy information through watching a program "TV" have put their first priority. The information referred to online resources to explore health literacy also showed that students of Razi University "website" as the most important online source stated. Referring to the social network to assess health literacy information showed that students at Razi University in "The Social Network telegrams" cited as the most important social network. showed that students of Razi University, "family members" as the most important source Andhmjnyn expressed about the impact of demographic variables findings showed that the search component of health literacy information by visiting doctors, print resources, media, internet, network social, satellite channels and going to parties there was no significant difference between men and women. But in searching for information purposes health literacy significant difference was observed between men and women. In fact, we can say that male students than female students to search for information on health literacy. The results showed that gender affects health literacy searching for information purposes only. The findings also showed that the impact of marital status to single students and married students learn more in search of health literacy. Find information on health education through the media. The results showed that significantly more students with lower family income level of health literacy through the people are in search of information. The results showed that the level of family income students search for information on health education through the media, the Internet and others indexes.

Review:Objective: This study aimed to identify the main sources of information seeking also to identify students at Razi University in Kermanshah is Health LiteracyMethods: This cross-sectional study among 323 students of Razi University in 1395 wasTo analyze the data, descriptive statistics such as frequency and percentage were used.All have expressed health literacy.Also referring to the national media to explore health literacy information showed that students of Razi University health literacy information through watching a program "TV" have put their first priority. The information referred to online resources to explore health literacy also showed that students of Razi University "website" as the most important online source stated. Referring to the social network to assess health literacy information showed that students at Razi University in "The Social Network telegrams" cited as the most important social network. showed that students of Razi University, "family members" as the most important source Andhmjnyn expressed about the impact of demographic variables findings showed that the search component of health literacy information by visiting doctors, print resources, media, internet, network social, satellite channels and going to parties there was no significant difference between men and women. But in searching for information purposes health literacy significant difference was observed between men and women. In fact, we can say that male students than female students to search for information on health literacy. The results showed that gender affects health literacy searching for information purposes only. The findings also showed that the impact of marital status to single students and married students learn more in search of health literacy. Find information on health education through the media. The results showed that significantly more students with lower family income level of health literacy through the people are in search of information. The results showed that the level of family income students search for information on health education through the media, the Internet and others indexes.

Review:Objective: This study aimed to identify the main sources of information seeking also to identify students at Razi University in Kermanshah is Health LiteracyMethods: This cross-sectional study among 323 students of Razi University in 1395 wasTo analyze the data, descriptive statistics such as frequency and percentage were used.All have expressed health literacy.Also referring to the national media to explore health literacy information showed that students of Razi University health literacy information through watching a program "TV" have put their first priority. The information referred to online resources to explore health literacy also showed that students of Razi University "website" as the most important online source stated. Referring to the social network to assess health literacy information showed that students at Razi University in "The Social Network telegrams" cited as the most important social network. showed that students of Razi University, "family members" as the most important source Andhmjnyn expressed about the impact of demographic variables findings showed that the search component of health literacy information by visiting doctors, print resources, media, internet, network social, satellite channels and going to parties there was no significant difference between men and women. But in searching for information purposes health literacy significant difference was observed between men and women. In fact, we can say that male students than female students to search for information on health literacy. The results showed that gender affects health literacy searching for information purposes only. The findings also showed that the impact of marital status to single students and married students learn more in search of health literacy. Find information on health education through the media. The results showed that significantly more students with lower family income level of health literacy through the people are in search of information. The results showed that the level of family income students search for information on health education through the media, the Internet and others indexes.

  Abstract Aim: The aim of this study is to survey the role of social networks in scientific exchanges among students of Razi University of Kermanshah.Methodology: The present study is an applied study which has been carried out using survey method. The study population consisted of graduate students of Razi University in the academic year 94-95. A sample using Morgan table, 357 individuals were determined. A questionnaire was used for data collection. Data analysis was done in two parts of data description and inferential analysis using    software.Findings: The results showed that all the students are using social networks. 70 percent of students more than an hour a day of these networks use. Among social networks telegram had the highest use. Mobile phone was the most important tools used for social networking. The majority of respondents from Persian to access social networks they use. Age, educational level and type of faculty on the use of social networks is not effective in scientific exchanges. Significantly more female students that male students use networks in scientific exchanges. The use of social networks is not effective in scientific exchanges among postgraduate students of Razi University. According to the results, the use of social networking can be effective in improving students knowledge. The most important advantage of the social networks pleasure and low internet speed was the main obstacle in the use of social networks. Conclusion: the use of social networks is common among students. But this is not effective in student exchange, given the importance and the role of social networks in introduction, communication, cooperative between researchers, as well as the exchange of information and scientific production should introduce effective functionality of these networks to increase the efficiency of these networks help.Keywords: Virtual social networks, scientific exchanges, scientific collaboration, scientific production, Graduate students, Razi University

  AbstractThe main objective of this research was the An Economic Valuation of Latin and Farsi Articles in Online Databases from the view point of Post Graduate Students in Razi University. Other objectives the study include the estimation of willingness to pay Post graduate students to use databases, To determine the factors affecting willingness to pay for them, And to identify their most valuable database of view. Is used, On Contingent Valuation Method and way of of willingness to pay That is part of procedure Stated Preferences Method (SPM). Population is all Post graduate students at Razi University, In the 95-94 the year with the number of 4145 people And research sample is calculated on the basis of Mitchell and Carson 523. A one-dimensional self-made questionnaire with 51 years. The statistical methods, such as descriptive statistics and logistic regression were used. The results showed that the average annual WTP Post graduate students To use the online databases of articles in Persian and Latin, Are about 17.505 and 248.566 Toma   And the monthly average willingness to pay Post graduate students To use the online databases of articles in Persian and Latin Are about 1.304 and 15.953 Tomans. In addition to willingness to pay for general services databases Persian and Latin, Willingness to pay for 7 out of 9 databases databases Persian and Latin is calculated. The results also showed that impact, marital status, Faculty, Number of family members and amount of use of Persian databases on the willingness to pay an annual Post graduate students in the use of databases Persian, Faculty variables and amount of use of Latin databases on the willingness to pay annual Latin bases, Faculty variables, income and use of databases Persian On the willingness to pay monthly for databases Persian And their age, marital status, college, amount of use of Persian databases and amount of the and Latin databases On the willingness to pay their monthly To use Latin databases. In addition to the factors influencing willingness to pay an annual And monthly articles in Persian and Latin databases, Factors affecting willingness to pay 7 of Persian databases and 9 of the Latin databases is studied; And finally is determined, the most valuable Farsi database Scientific Information Database (SID), With little difference magiran database in second place, But in Latin databases, Science Direct database by assigning the most frequent and By a wide margin Among the databases provided Was chosen as the most valuable database.Key words: Economic valuation, databases, contingent valuation, willingness to pay, graduate students, Razi University.

  Abstract Objective: The aim of this study is to identify the status of knowledge sharing to determine the attitude of librarians towards knowledge sharing, to identify the potential barriers and to put forward effective solutions to improve the knowledge sharing in the public libraries of Kermanshah province. Methodology: This study is as an applied study and in terms of data collection, it is a descriptive - survey research, it is also a quantitative study in terms of the type of data. For data collection, there was used a standardized questionnaire prepared by Chung, Yoon and John (2014). The statistical community of the study includes the librarians and managers of public libraries of Kermanshah province. In 1395, 69 public libraries with 181 librarians have been active in Kermanshah province. The number of samples were determined based on the census method and finally 135 questionnaires were collected. Data analysis was done in two parts of data description and inferential analysis using    software. Findings: The results showed that gender, marital status, major of study (except for the component of strategies of knowledge exchange improvement), education level, age and employment background of librarians have not been effective on the process of knowledge sharing and knowledge exchange in the public libraries of Kermanshah Province. Employment background is effective on the process of acquiring knowledge and strategies of knowledge exchange improvement; also, the librarians’ major of study is effective on the strategies of knowledge exchange improvement in the public libraries of Kermanshah Province. The city of employment has no effect on the process of knowledge sharing, but on the barriers of knowledge sharing instead. Regarding the different ways of knowledge exchange, the results showed that about 80 percent of librarians have reported informational and communicational technologies; about 54 percent, meeting with colleagues; 43 percent, social networks; about 24 percent, counseling method; about 15 percent, seminars or workshops and 0.7 percent have reported storytelling as the most common ways of knowledge exchange. 35.6 percent of librarians have used only one of the instruments of knowledge exchange; 26.7 percent have used two optio   25.9 percent, three optio   11.1 percent, four options and 0.7 percent of the librarians have used five options for knowledge exchange. Of the librarians who have used informational and communicational technologies for knowledge exchange, 45.2 percent have used telephone; 32.6 percent, e-mail; 23.7 percent, electronic discussion grou   07.23 percent, 14.08 percent, weblogs and 14.08 percent have used the organization’s portal for knowledge exchange. The   librarians have reported the followings as the main obstacles in the way of knowledge sharing: lack of a true rewarding system, lack of a system to introduce the individuals requiring knowledge sharing, also the weak verbal and written communications as well as weakness in interpersonal skills. From the view point of the librarians of Kermanshah province, the role of technology in the improvement of knowledge exchange and using newsletters and similar instruments in knowledge sharing are among the most significant strategies in promotion of knowledge exchange.Keywords: Knowledge management, knowledge sharing, knowledge aquiring, public libraries of kermanshah province.