Farzad Rostami

  The rapid expansion of communication technologies and excessive dependence on smartphones have brought about emerging psychological challenges, such as nomophobia (no mobile phone phobia). The present study aimed to develop and test a structural model of the relationship between fear of missing out (FoMO) and cognitive emotion regulation strategies (adaptive and maladaptive) with nomophobia among university students, considering the mediating role of loneliness. The research design was descriptive-correlational based on structural equation modeling (SEM). The statistical population comprised students of Razi University of Kermanshah during the 2025–2026 academic year, from whom a sample of 212 students was selected using convenience sampling. Participants completed the Nomophobia Questionnaire (Yildirim & Correia, 2015), the Fear of Missing Out Scale (Przybylski et al., 2013), the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire - Short Form (Garnefski & Kraaij, 2006), and the UCLA Loneliness Scale (Russell, 1996). Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling in   -26 and Amos-24. The structural model findings revealed that fear of missing out (0.32), maladaptive emotion regulation strategies (0.26), and loneliness (0.24) exerted significant direct positive effects on nomophobia, whereas adaptive emotion regulation strategies (-0.28) exerted a significant direct negative effect on nomophobia. Furthermore, the indirect path analysis using the bootstrapping method indicated that loneliness significantly mediated the relationships between fear of missing out and nomophobia (0.12), adaptive strategies and nomophobia (-0.09), and maladaptive strategies and nomophobia (0.07). Goodness-of-fit indices confirmed an optimal fit between the structural model and the empirical data. These findings demonstrate that fear of missing out and the adoption of maladaptive cognitive strategies exacerbate students’ vulnerability to nomophobia by intensifying psychological isolation and loneliness. Consequently, designing and implementing psycho-educational interventions focused on enhancing adaptive emotion regulation skills and alleviating loneliness can play a pivotal role in mitigating problematic smartphone dependence.

The developments in the international system over recent decades and the increasing role of subnational units in economic and cross-border affairs have contributed to the growing importance of economic paradiplomacy in analyzing relations between border regions. This study aims to explain and analyze the capacities and barriers of economic paradiplomacy in the formation of the Kermanshah–Diyala trade corridor within the framework of Iran–Iraq relations. The main research question is: What capacities does the economic paradiplomacy of Kermanshah and Diyala possess for establishing a trade corridor between the two provinces, and what barriers limit the realization of these capacities?The study is applied in terms of purpose and qualitative in nature, employing a descriptive–analytical approach. Data were collected and analyzed through documentary and library research using scholarly sources, official documents and legislation, economic and trade reports, customs statistics, documents related to border crossings and tra  ortation networks, and information provided by official institutions in Iran and Iraq. The theoretical framework of the study is based on economic paradiplomacy, with particular attention to the role of subnational units as active agents and facilitators in linking local capacities with national structures.The findings indicate that geographical proximity, the geo-economic position of the two provinces, their production and trade capacities, the existence of the Somar–Mandali route, tra  ortation capabilities, and the potential for interaction among provincial governments, chambers of commerce, and the private sector provide a suitable initial basis for developing a cross-border economic axis. However, weak institutional coordination, administrative and customs constraints, infrastructural and logistical deficiencies, economic and financial limitations, centralization in decision-making, and political and security considerations constitute the main barriers to transforming this potential into a sustainable and institutionalized trade corridor.The results further show that, under current conditions, the Somar–Mandali axis is not yet a fully developed trade corridor; rather, it constitutes the potential spatial core of the Kermanshah–Diyala corridor. The overall conclusion of the study is that the formation of this corridor requires a transition from geographical proximity to economic connectivity, from ad hoc interactions to institutional cooperation, and from merely having a route to establishing coherent corridor governance. In this process, economic paradiplomacy can play an effective role in narrowing the gap between existing capacities and institutionalized economic cooperation through networking, institutional coordination, support for the private sector, and the transmission of local issues to national levels.  

  Abstract Changes in the global distribution of power, together with China’s emergence as the United States’ principal economic, technological, and military competitor, have compelled Washington to reassess its security priorities, resource allocation, and geopolitical commitments across different regions of the world. In this context, the withdrawal of U.S. forces from Afghanistan in 2021 generated considerable debate regarding the declining strategic importance of the Middle East, the retrenchment of the United States, and the possible weakening of its regional security commitments. The central problem addressed in this study is whether the reduction of the United States’ direct military and ground presence signifies its withdrawal from the Middle East and an overall diminution of its commitments, or whether it reflects a transformation in the instruments, mechanisms, and methods through which American power is exercised. This study aims to provide a neorealist explanation of how and why the United States has redistributed its geopolitical commitments in the Middle East following its withdrawal from Afghanistan. It examines this process in the context of intensifying structural competition with China and evaluates the role of regional threats in modifying, constraining, or temporarily reversing it. The theoretical framework is primarily grounded in structural realism, while balance-of-threat theory is employed as a complementary framework to explain the influence of regional threats on U.S. behavior. In terms of purpose, the study is both basic and applied; in terms of approach, it is qualitative; and methodologically, it adopts a descriptive–analytical design. Data were collected through library-based and documentary research, including the examination of U.S. national security and defense documents, official reports, statements by political and military officials, think-tank publications, and scholarly sources. The data were analyzed through qualitative content analysis, causal explanation, and process tracing. The temporal scope of the study covers the period from 2021 to 2026, while its geographical focus is the Middle East, particularly the Persian Gulf. The findings indicate that strategic competition with China and the growing need to concentrate resources and attention on the Indo-Pacific have encouraged the United States to reduce large-scale ground interventions, reallocate strategic resources, and transfer a greater share of the regional security burden to its allies. Nevertheless, this transformation does not constitute a complete U.S. withdrawal from the Middle East. By maintaining strategic bases, air and naval capabilities, intelligence and cyber capacities, alliance networks, and rapid-response capabilities, Washington has transformed its regional presence into a more limited, network-based, technology-driven, and flexible model. The case study of the 2026 Iran–U.S. conflict further demonstrates that the intensification of regional threats and the insufficient capabilities of U.S. allies may halt or temporarily reverse the reduction of America’s direct regional presence. The study therefore concludes that the emerging U.S. strategy should be understood neither as straightforward retrenchment nor as withdrawal, but rather as a conditional redistribution of geopolitical commitments and a recalibration of hegemony. Within this framework, the reduction of the costs associated with direct military presence is accompanied by the continuation of strategic influence and the preservation of the capability to return to direct intervention when vital interests or the regional balance of power are seriously threatened.

Iraq’s Foreign Policy in the Context of U.S.–China Geopolitical Competition in West Asia (2013–2025) Abstract Geopolitical and geoeconomic competition between the United States and China has become one of the most significant features of the evolving international order, with far-reaching consequences for the foreign-policy behavior of regional states, particularly those located in strategically important regions such as West Asia. Owing to its sensitive geopolitical position, vast energy resources, distinctive role in regional security equations, and simultaneous security and development needs, Iraq is among the countries most profoundly affected by the rivalry between these two major powers. The present study aims to examine how Iraqi foreign policy was formulated within the context of U.S.–China geopolitical and geoeconomic competition during the period from 2013 to 2025. The central research problem is to determine how Iraq has sought to balance the security imperatives arising from its relations with the United States against the economic opportunities generated by cooperation with China, and which strategy it has adopted to manage this competition. Drawing on the theoretical framework of structural realism and the concept of hedging, this study analyzes Iraq’s foreign-policy behavior under conditions of great-power competition. The main hypothesis is that the intensification of geopolitical and geoeconomic rivalry between the United States and China has pushed Iraq toward the adoption of a hedging strategy. Accordingly, by maintaining security cooperation with the United States while expanding its economic and infrastructural relations with China, Baghdad has attempted to reduce its vulnerability and increase its foreign-policy room for maneuver. The study employs a qualitative, descriptive-analytical method. The required data were collected through the examination of library sources, documents, official reports, and the analysis of relevant political and economic developments. The findings indicate that Iraqi foreign policy during the period under review was shaped neither by complete alignment with a foreign power nor by hard balancing. Instead, Iraq pursued a hybrid pattern based on the management of dependencies and strategic hedging. The United States remained Iraq’s most important security partner in areas such as military training, intelligence cooperation, and counterterrorism, whereas China assumed an increasingly prominent role in energy, trade, investment, and infrastructure development. Iraq therefore sought to manage its relations with the two powers across different sectors and to benefit from their rivalry in order to advance its security and economic interests. Nevertheless, the findings also demonstrate that Iraq’s hedging strategy has faced significant constraints. Weak state institutional capacity, domestic political divisions, the economy’s heavy dependence on oil, the fragmentation of decision-making centers, and the influence of regional actors have prevented this strategy from producing sustainable strategic autonomy. Accordingly, Iraqi hedging should be understood primarily as an instrument for managing vulnerability and expanding external room for maneuver rather than as evidence of full foreign-policy independence. The study concludes that, within the competitive order shaped by the United States and China, Iraq has pursued a strategy of limited balancing and hedging. However, the long-term success of this strategy will depend on strengthening domestic capacities, reforming governance structures, reducing economic dependency, and enhancing Baghdad’s ability to transform Iraq’s geopolitical position into a strategic advantage. Keywords: Iraqi Foreign Policy; U.S.–China Competition; Hedging; Structural Realism; Geoeconomics; West Asia   

With the expansion of inclusive education and increased attention to students with special needs, the role of special education teachers has become more critical than ever. These teachers require not only specialized knowledge but also a set of cognitive, emotional, and behavioral capabilities. To be able to face the complex challenges of the align="right" dir="RTL" >   Keywords: Job competence, Teachers, Exceptional schools, Khorramabad city.   

  The present study was

  Today, Iran faces several obstacles in the path of internationalizing knowledge, some of which are external and structural in nature, and others are due to internal challenges. In other words, these obstacles include economic sanctions and technological restrictions that have made access to global knowledge networks difficult. Also, inequality in diplomatic relations with great powers has placed Iran in a marginal position and made the internationalization process more complicated. However, an important part of the challenges and obstacles arise from the structure of the international system and security perceptions of Iran's role. In this regard, the aim of the present study is to examine the impact of science and technology sanctions on the process of internationalizing knowledge in Iran and to identify strategic solutions to reduce the negative effects of these sanctions. The main question is based on this: what are the structural obstacles to the internationalization of knowledge in Iran, with an emphasis on the location of sanctions and unilateral international pressures, and what impact does it have on the country's scientific development? In order to answer this question, the hypothesis has been put forward that sanctions and international pressures, through restrictions on access to resources and cooperation, disrupt the process of internationalization of knowledge and slow down Iran's scientific development. In this study, considering the use of library resources and articles and considering the collection of data in line with the theoretical framework, the research method is descriptive-analytical.

  Technological developments have always played a decisive role in changing the nature of war and the evolution of military doctrines, but the emergence and maturity of artificial intelligence in recent decades has elevated this trend from the level of gradual changes to a paradigmatic level. Artificial intelligence, as a doctrine-making technology, has penetrated command and control systems, military decision-making, electronic and cyber warfare, space and satellite systems, and autonomous smart weapons, fundamentally transforming the logic of human-centered wars and classic models of deterrence. Hence, theoretical and strategic rethinking of military doctrines and the paradigm of future wars has become an analytical necessity

      The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between family functioning and parental attachment with the tendency towards risky behavior in adolescents through the mediation of self-efficacy. The research method was a descriptive correlational type and applied research in terms of purpose; the statistical population included all female students in the second year of high school in the city of Rosen in the academic year 1403-1404, whose statistics from the education and training of the said city were 3467 people. The multi-stage cluster sampling method was used and to collect information, the Iranian Adolescent Risk Behavior Scale (IARS) by Zadehmohammadi, Ahmadabadi and Heidari (2011), the Family Functioning Questionnaire (FAD), the Parker Parental Attachment Questionnaire (PBI), and the General Self-Efficacy Scale were used. The mean and standard deviation were used to analyze the data at the descriptive level, and the Pearson correlation coefficient and structural equation modeling were used at the inferential level. Regarding family functioning, the findings showed that this variable has a bidirectional effect on risky behaviors. On the one hand, poor family functioning was directly associated with increased risk behaviors (?=0.18). This finding is consistent with previous studies showing that a dysfunctional family environment is one of the strongest predictors of risk behaviors. On the other hand, family functioning had an indirect, reducing effect on risk behaviors by enhancing adolescents' self-efficacy (?=-0.14). This dual pattern suggests that although poorly functioning families directly contribute to risk behaviors, they can counteract this negative effect by enhancing adolescents' sense of competence and competence. The findings of this study clearly support the main hypothesis of the study that there is a relationship between family functioning and parental attachment with a tendency to risk behaviors mediated by self-efficacy. The results of the path analysis showed that these relationships follow complex mechanisms that require multidimensional interpretation. Keywords: Family functioning, parental attachment, risk behavior, self-efficacy.

One of the challenges of post-Saddam Iraq has been the differences between the Kurdistan Regional Government and the central government of Iraq. These differences began with the drafting of the constitution and have now manifested themselves in political, economic, and geopolitical areas. The purpose of writing this thesis is to analyze the effects of these differences on the political security of the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. Therefore, the question has been raised: what effect have the tensions and differences between Erbil and Baghdad had on the political security of the Kurdistan Region? In this thesis, using a descriptive-analytical method and using the Copenhagen School theory, the hypothesis has been put forward that these differences have led to a series of consequences, such as the reduction of the powers of the Kurdistan Regional Government, the interference of the Iraqi central government in the political and administrative organs and institutions of the region, the independent relationship of some institutions with the Iraqi central government, and the gap between the people and the Kurdistan Regional Government, such that the Kurdistan Regional Government has reduced its powers in the field of oil and energy and the supervision of regional elections by the Iraqi Federal Court. Regarding the interference of the central government in the institutions of the Kurdistan Region, we can refer to the dissolution of the Kurdistan Regional Parliament and Provincial Council by the Federal Court. Regarding the independent relationship of institutions, we can refer to its inclusion in the 2024 Iraqi budget law and the direct relationship of the administrative institutions of Sulaymaniyah province with the central government. Regarding the gap between the people and the Kurdistan Regional Government, we can refer to demonstrations and unrest in the provinces of the Kurdistan Region.  

  The formation of the international system after the Second World War led to the drawing of the structures of this system by the conquering powers after the war. After the Cold War, various countries entered the arena of the international system. After independence and freedom from colonialism, India tried to adopt the path of growth and progress. India, as one of the countries that is called as an emerging power in the present era, has a lot of potential in various fields to enter the world's top powers, this country uses new and different methods in its foreign policy and relations. It is balancing its relations with other governments and securing its national interests (national power). The main goal of this research is the strategic model that governs India's international activism and the recognition of its goals. Accordingly, the main question of this research is proposed as follows: What is the strategic goal of India's international activism? In response to this question, the hypothesis is proposed that; The strategic goals of India's international activism in the context of categories such as soft management of international crises, soft and balanced foreign policy and the introduction of political and normative values ??as well as following international rules have been able to create national power from the frameworks of international activism. In this research, an attempt has been made to use the descriptive analytical method of data processing by using library resources. Keywords: India, international relations, strategic goals, foreign policy, soft power

  Migration is a multifaceted phenomenon influenced by economic, political, cultural, and social factors. These factors collectively compel individuals to leave their unique historical and geographical contexts, impacting their cultural, political, and social identities. This research investigates the causes of Iranian migration to Turkey and the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and analyzes its dual impact on Iran's national development based on Ernst Georg Ravenstein's push and pull theory of migration dynamics. The primary identified causes include economic inequalities, political instability, and social factors in Iran. Utilizing the push and pull theoretical framework, this study examines how these factors contribute to attracting and repelling Iranian migrants to Turkey and the UAE. By focusing on the reasons for Iranian migration to Turkey and the UAE and exploring its consequences on Iran's national development, the study aims to investigate how various aspects of Iran's development are affected by the migration of elites and professionals. Migration can be discussed and examined from psychological, political, social, economic, and cultural dimensions. The research seeks to examine the various components of the Islamic Republic of Iran's development and its susceptibility to the phenomenon of migration, while also addressing the question: What causes and factors drive Iranians to migrate to Turkey and the UAE, and what are the consequences for national development?

  Considering the effects of perceived discrimination on the mental and physical health of people, this research was conducted with the aim of investigating the relationship between perceived discrimination and self-esteem and mental health in different ethnicities of Kermanshah. The present research method was a descriptive correlational type. The statistical population of this research included all young people aged 20 to 40 living in Kermanshah city in 2019, and 200 of them were selected as a research sample using available sampling method. Sample members responded to Coakley et al.'s Perceived Ethnic Discrimination, Eysenck's Self-Esteem, and Goldberg's General Health Questionnaires. Finally, the data obtained from the research were analyzed through   _21 software. The results showed that perceived ethnic discrimination is related to self-esteem and general health; Thus, the higher the perceived discrimination, the higher the probability of suffering from mental disorders and lower self-esteem

   The family, in terms of quantity and quality, can be the main concern of the thinker and seeker and nurture the spirit of the idea of ??the people in it. While the algorithm is efficient and searchable in the field of work and production in the society, the positive actions of the non-performers motivate the child towards the direction and direction of the activity so that the mind can be integrated and fruitful. Such individual availability of non-economic resources is considered to be of value in capturing new airspace. The role of parents in caring for their parents in the world is how to embody social values ??for their children, shaping their future personal lives and paving the way for a healthy economy. Therefore, the atmosphere within the family, especially the parental guidelines, gives this possibility to the children to pass on the habits and beliefs of the past to the other members of the family, to reconcile the new way of doing business and self-regulation. In this regard, the purpose of this research is to examine the effect of parents' research on the purpose of entrepreneurship (active study of entrepreneurs in Kermanshah tourism). The Entrepreneurial Society of Kermanshah is active in tourism. The sampling method is randomly simple and is used to determine the sample size of the Cochrane formula which has a sample volume of 330 mm. The library's research tools are standardized research libraries and testimonials that are credited with the Alfie Kronbach method 770/0. In this research, we have examined the effect of parents' observation on the purpose of entrepreneurial rotation (active study of entrepreneurial rotation in Kermanshah). Analysis and analysis. The results of this study indicate that various factors affect parents' intentional entrepreneurial activity (active study of entrepreneurial activities in Kermanshah). The family, in terms of quantity and quality, can be the main concern of the thinker and seeker and nurture the spirit of the idea of ??the people in it. While the algorithm is efficient and searchable in the field of work and production in the society, the positive actions of the non-performers motivate the child towards the direction and direction of the activity so that the mind can be integrated and fruitful. Such individual availability of non-economic resources is considered to be of value in capturing new airspace. The role of parents in caring for their parents in the world is how to embody social values ??for their children, shaping their future personal lives and paving the way for a healthy economy. Therefore, the atmosphere within the family, especially the parental guidelines, gives this possibility to the children to pass on the habits and beliefs of the past to the other members of the family, to reconcile the new way of doing business and self-regulation. In this regard, the purpose of this research is to examine the effect of parents' research on the purpose of entrepreneurship (active study of entrepreneurs in Kermanshah tourism). The Entrepreneurial Society of Kermanshah is active in tourism. The sampling method is randomly simple and is used to determine the sample size of the Cochrane formula which has a sample volume of 330 mm. The library's research tools are standardized research libraries and testimonials that are credited with the Alfie Kronbach method 770/0. In this research, we have examined the effect of parents' observation on the purpose of entrepreneurial rotation (active study of entrepreneurial rotation in Kermanshah). Analysis and analysis. The results of this study indicate that various factors affect parents' intentional entrepreneurial activity (active study of entrepreneurial activities in Kermanshah). Keywords: Entrepreneurial Entrepreneurship Entrepreneurship Entrepreneurship Parents

Artificial intelligence is a game changer in global politics, artificial intelligence has long been a topic of discussion in scientific and academic circles and security political systems, and it has come out of the form of science fiction and has grown in the world of reality and its development in The world has deepened, artificial intelligence can have destructive as well as beneficial consequences for countries, the use of new technologies in military, economic, cultural, security-espionage and psychological warfare has been growing exponentially. And this importance can fuel the destructive effects on the regional security of the Middle East and the intensification of the competition between the powers in the region and Iraq. Also, artificial intelligence can create positive and effective consequences for the future of humanity and security in the fields related to health, hygiene, environment, welfare, etc. Based on this, it seems that just as in the current situation, various issues such as economy, culture, environment and security issues affect politics, in the future, artificial intelligence will affect all these areas; Therefore, under the influence of these changes, various social, political, economic, value, cultural, military, security and even legal aspects of our life will change.  

  The Shanghai Cooperation Organization is a regional and international organization with many capabilities and potentials, and Iran's membership in it is considered an important advantage in foreign policy. But in recent years, with the nuclear conflict and being on the FATF blacklist becoming the main issue of Iran's foreign policy, this issue has affected the national advantage and interests of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Therefore, it is important to address the issue that the mere membership in a regional organization as long as it is affected by security issues and other international powers cannot be considered as an expression of benefiting from all the benefits of membership. Therefore, the main question that makes the current research strategic is what effect do the nuclear case and the special financial action group have on Iran-Shanghai relations? The hypothesis that is designed and evaluated using the combination of historical analytical-descriptive method is that; It seems that under various regional and international conditions and factors, Iran has tended towards Shanghai in order to benefit from geopolitical, geostrategic and geoeconomic interests. However, benefiting from the benefits of membership for Iran in Shanghai, affected by the nuclear conflict, the special financial action group, and in other words, it faces a kind of limitation created by the institution-based order. Therefore, the purpose of the present study; Analyzing the consequences of the nuclear case and the special financial action group on Iran-Shanghai relations is within the framework of neoliberal institutionalism.

  The aim of the current research is to analyze phenomenologically successful adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The research is of an applied type and in terms of the method of data collection, a qualitative method was used, in which in-depth interviews were used to analyze the experiences of academically successful adults with ADHD. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder has been used. The statistical population of this research includes all academically successful adults suffering from attention deficit hyperactivity disorder who have managed to obtain a certificate of completion of education from a day university by the end of 2014. The sampling method in this research is purposeful, so that 17 people were identified from relatives, friends and acquaintances of the researcher, who were diagnosed with hyperactivity disorder and attention deficit disorder by a doctor in their childhood, then 10 people were identified among them who managed to had obtained degrees from daily universities, an in-depth unstructured interview was conducted, and no new information was obtained in the last three interviews, and the data reached saturation. The relationship with the experiences of academically successful adults suffering from Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) was obtained, which were classified into 12 major categories and finally their experiences were classified into two general sections under the title of individual-oriented strategies and community-oriented strategies. The results of the research showed that if people with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and their families use the mentioned strategies in relation to themselves and society, they will join the ranks of academically successful people.

  This research aims to investigate the relationship between emotional ataxia and job demotivation and lack of work effort among elementary school teachers in Kermanshah. This type of descriptive research is correlational. In this research, the statistical population includes all the primary teachers of Kermanshah city in 1401, whose number is about 3000. The sample of this research consists of 300 primary teachers who will be selected using a multi-stage cluster sampling method according to Morgan's table. became. The questionnaires used in this research will be the Toronto scale of emotional dyslexia (2002), career motivation of Utrecht (2002) and work effort by Patterson (1986) and Pearson's correlation and multivariate regression tests will be used to infer the data.

   يكي از مؤثرترين عوامل ارتقاي جامعه­ي بشري در سطوح مختلف، توليد علم و دانش است. با نگاهي به كشورهاي پيشرفته پي خواهيم برد كه علوم، تنها از راه آموزش توليد نمي­شوند و در اين زمينه پژوهش نيزاز اهميت ويژه‌اي برخوردار است. توانايي بشر معاصر در حل معضلات جامعه، حاصل پژوهش بوده و هر اندازه مسائل پيچيده­تر مي­شوند ضرورت برنامه‌ريزي براي فعاليت­هاي آن بيشتراحساس مي‌شود. افزون بر رسالت آموزش، پژوهش نيزاغلب برعهده­ي دانشگاه­ها و مراكز آموزش عالي است. دانشگاه به عنوان برجسته­ترين سازمان علمي، با عمل به مسئوليت­هاي خاصي كه دارد مي­تواند جايگاه مهمي درپيشرفت و تعالي جامعه داشته   باشد. دوره­ي تحصيلات تكميلي بخشي از نظام آموزش عالي است و مشخصه­ي اصلي و فعاليت بارز يك دانشجوي مقطع تحصيلات تكميلي در تمامي رشته­ها، نگارش پايان­نامه است. پايان­نامه گزارشي است كامل از فرايند يافتن پاسخ يك پرسش يا يافتن راه­حل يك مسئله كه پژوهشگري آن را برعهده گرفته و به پايان رسانده است، مشروط بر اين­كه همه­ي مراحل پژوهش را از زماني كه به شكل پرسش يا مسئله بوده، تا وقتي­كه به شكل نتايج مدون و مرتب كه با تجزيه و تحليل اعداد مستدل شده است، را در برگيرد (نايب­پور و بريري، 1387). علم اطلاعات و دانش­شناسي به عنوان يكي از رشته­هاي دانشگاهي حوزه­ي علوم انساني در راستاي تحقق محورهاي پژوهشي خود، لازم مي­داند كه به­طور مرتب به بازنگري و ارزيابي انواع منابع اطلاعاتي بپردازد. ارزيابي فرايندي است كه به­وسيله­ي آن درباره­ي يك رويداد، يك فرد، يا يك شيء بر­اساس يك يا چند معيار قضاوت مي‌شود (علوي‌زاده، 1395). اين منابع به صورت­هاي متنوع چاپي و الكترونيكي و در قالب­هاي طرح پژوهشي، گزارش، مقاله ومانند آن ارائه مي­شوند. از زمره­ي دستاوردهاي اطلاعاتي با­ارزش دانشگاهي در هر رشته­اي كه بعد از طي فرآيندهاي بررسي­ و ارائه­ي نتايج مبتني بر علوم، مي‌توانند نقش قابل‌توجهي درشناخت نيازها و مشكلات جامعه و پاسخگويي به آن­ها داشته باشد، پايان­نامه­ها هستند.

   Crisis management is something that has received a great deal of attention over the past decades because with the spread of environmental problems on the one hand and the increase of human crises on the other, it seems necessary to build control of these crises, crisis management, both natural and man-made, should be based on factors that increase the effectiveness of crisis management in which managers can play an important role in controlling or not controlling the crisis, the purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of crisis management software dimensions on crisis control and the focus of this study was on Kermanshah earthquake crisis management and the role of managers and software dimensions on crisis control has been investigated and the question has been raised what was the position of crisis management software dimensions in the November 2017 Kermanshah earthquake? To answer the above question, the method of directional qualitative content analysis was used and the target population of the study was 9 senior managers of Kermanshah province and Sarpol-e Zahab city who have played a role in controlling the above crisis. The findings of the study, which are based on McCarthy's information theory and the analysis of managers' interviews, have been that the role of Kermanshah in the November 2017 earthquake crisis and the position of managers in crisis control in the form of software dimensions such as increasing hope, expanding empathy, accountability of managers, expanding communication, planning in crisis situations and increasing information has been very important and the software dimensions are at a higher level than the hardware dimensions.

   t    the referendum held on june 23in which voted to leave the eu, finally ended on january 312020, and the country officially left the eu. the relationship betweenat present, britains withdrawel from the european union has led tomuch debate about the future of thise economic_ political   bloc. the eu isnow smaller and weakerwithout britain, and its political and economic influence in the international arena will diminish if in eu officials cannot find a viable alternative to britians membership. given the wide range   of issues and the effects and consequencec that this event has in various fields on britain and the europea   union, in thise study we do not have the oppotunity to examine all aspects of this event and discuss the future of the eu,s common foriegn and security policy. we will focus on the title of one the three main pillars of this economic_ political institution. in the following, using the descriptive_ analytical; method, we intend to answer the question : what effect does the brexit have on the common foriegn and security policy of the european union? asbritain, the eu,s second largest economic power, has a vrto power and is one of the most. importantplayeers in the european and international arena. withdrawel from the eu cloud reduse   the weight and security policy. the european union, as well as an apportunity for france and germany to work for greater cooperation.

Abstract The importance of the media isn’t hidden from anyone these days. The media is referred to as the fourth pillar of democracy, in addition to the print, audio-visual media that are influential social networks have a great impact on things in the new era. The reason is that social network are wider and more accessible and they are always exchanging information. So, they are influential in most social issues. The purpose of this study is to examine the position of social networks and especially the Instagram platform in terms of environmental security. Because, as mentioned, social media has a great impact on social issues and as Buzan says “the environment is a category of security and security is created in the context of society. The main question in this research is: How can Instagram be effective in managing environmental challenges and thus preventing them from turning into political and security threats? To answer this question, the framework chosen is Carson’ view in the book Silent Spring, that as an effective media , increased environmental knowledge and made significant global changes in the direction environmental protection. This research wants to explain this hypothesis by content analysis method: Instagram can be effective in managing environmental challenges by increasing environmental knowledge by producing environmental content such as photos, videos and text and prevents it from becoming a security issue. The data of this study include an analysis of 02 Instagram pages and shows that the pages of environmentalists have played an important role in creating environmental knowledge and awareness and in some cases, they have made serious and positive changes in the field of environmental protection. Non-specialist pages have also been effective with a lower percentage. Keywords: Media, Environmental challenge, Environmental knowledge, Environmental security, Instagram  

با توجه به اهميت متغير اتحاد والديني در خانواده و اثر آن بر تربيت فرزندان و همچنين استرس و كيفيت روابط زناشويي در   تا كنون پژوهشي مدون و منسجم كه توانسته باشد متغيرهاي فوق الذكر را در قالب يك مدل على تبيين و توصيف كند صورت نگرفته است در اين حوزه خلأ پژوهشي وجود دارد. بنابراين سوال پژوهش حاضر عبارت است از اين كه آيا شوخي و فراغت خانواده مي توانند در ابطه بين اتحاد والديني با استرس والگري نقشي واسطه اي ايفا كند؟

This research intends to examine the return to ancient Iran as an issue that is related to the social totality of contemporary Iran. The purpose of this study is to investigate concretely and empirically this issue in relation to the socioeconomic status of the society. The theoretical framework of the research, i  ired by Bakhtin on the epic and the novel, is obtained. The method of this research is dialectical materialism, which combines everything in one totality. This research was conducted in the Kermanshah city of 1396 solar time.

  ISIS (Daesh) as a force Salafi and suicide, and disrupted the regional geo-political order and is working with an ideology of internationalism, based Sais-Picot borders fade and the new government is established. Emerging and man-made crisis that precedes the wisdom and knowledge sees and quotes the superficial and selective interpretation of the Koran, denies any discretion and interpretation. This multinational organization exclusivist reading of the fundamental concepts of Islamic extremism, believes that Islam should be in accordance with the understandings leaders first three centuries of Islam as a religious justification for all times and places and get implemented. Activism and Mounting hostile sentiments in the multinational group can not ignore the role of non-ideological, regional and trans-regional. However, for the establishment of the caliphate showed behavior inhuman, heinous crimes, ritual, history, classic, naked, direct, u  eakable and reduplicate violence. This idea opposed to with peace as a moral principle and is eager of genocide. In this regard provide the narrow semantic of Islam and a very broad concept of heresy and with the criminal religion has become a source of tension, extreme violence and unique identification of the region and some parts of the world. Believes that all over the world and the pagan heresy and straying saved violent ways. Takfiri terrorist groups, according to verse 123 of Surah Taobe from the Koran, Sunni hard-liners in the world towards combating non-Wahhabi Muslims, both Sunnis and Shiites as "near enemy" and his main priority calls. Accordingly managed to attract many people from the Middle East, North Africa and around the world, and the religious justifications for their behavior, they tried to Their own introduce Sunni savior. But at least a large part of the Sunni scholars rejected the group or because of intense action and violence of the Islamic State had to abandon it. So-the growing trend   the emergence of   terrorist Takfiri in the region and around the world, everyone has been realized the danger of their widespread and Considering the positions and actions anti Iranian of ISIS, Salafi-Takfiri-terrorist Performance Review will be of particular importance and to formulate appropriate strategies for maintain unity among Muslims and also cope with extreme currents and make/providing more and effective choices and more, will help to control and inhibition of ISIS On behalf of the Islamic Republic of Iran.   Therefore, aim of this research seeks to/ answer these questions/ ask /will be followed by the question that the intellectual Basics ISIS violence, What relation with foundations of knowledge and belief of the four Sunni sects? To answer this question, and the uses library based resources is descriptive and analytical analysis.

تاريخ نشان دهنده روابط مناسب ايران و كشور‏‏هاي اروپايي مي باشد. اين رابطه قبل از پيروزي انقلاب اسلامي ايران روابطي مناسب و پر رونق بود. حجم بالايي مناسبات اقتصادي و سياسي نشان از روابط مناسب و در خور طرفين بود. حضور ايران در اردوگاه غرب و به عنوان متحد استراتژيك امريكا در منطقه بدون شك عامل اصلي رونق روابط ايران و اتحاديه اروپا بود. با فروپاشي شوروي و پايان جنگ سرد فضا براي بازگيري بيشتر و فعال تر اتحاديه اروپا فراهم شد. و روابط ايران و اتحاديه اروپا در سطح مناسبي قرارگرفت. بعد از پيروزي انقلاب و سياست خارجي نه شرقي و نه غربي جمهوري اسلامي ايران و ايجاد اختلافاتي بين ايران و اتحاديه اروپا   تحت تاثير امريكا روابط ايران واتحاديه اروپا دچار ركود و تنزلي چشمگير شد كه به حجم پايين مراودات اقتصادي و سياسي منجر شد. طرح مسائلي چون حقوق بشر و نوع ديدگاه طرفين به بحث تروريسم و... در پاره اي از مواقع حتي به قطع ارتباط طرفين هم انجاميد. با طرح مساله هسته‏اي ايران اين اختلافات عميق تر شد. با مذاكرات چند ساله نهايتا موضوع هسته‏اي ايران   به سرانجام رسيد و طرفين ايران و قدرت‏‏هاي جهاني مساله هسته‏اي ايران را از موضوعي امنيتي به موضوعي فني تغيير دادند. پژوهش   با طرح اين سوال كه برجام چه تاثيري   بر روابط ايران و اتحاديه اروپا خواهد گذاشت با استفاده از روش تحليلي-توصيفي برجام را باعث رونق روابط اقتصادي-سياسي ايران و اتحاديه اروپا مي داند.

  THE POSITION OF PUBLIC DIPLOMACY IN THE MIDDLE EASTERN FOREIGN POLICY OF UNITED STATES AFTER SEPTEMBER 11  Abstract:The United States of America is taken to account as the most effective trans regional political player in the Middle East, during recent 50 years. The U.S. foreign policy in the Middle East has experienced different models from direct military intervention to indirect and secret support from events and regional crisis in the recent decades from the other side and as a result of direct and indirect presence of the U.S. in the Middle east the wave of objection and resistance against this country has been intensified, This fact has resulted in gradual policy shift toward utilizing new and more complicated tools and methods in Middle East foreign policy by the U.S. one of this methods, specially after September 11th is public diplomacy. This research is to clarify employing public diplomacy in the United states foreign policy in the Middle East. Thus basis of thesis is this strategic question that: Whats the role of public diplomacy in the U.S. Middle Eastern foreign policy of 9/11. The hypothesis which is processed in the framework of institutional Liberalism is that: public diplomacy has changed to the U.S. most important foreign policy approach toward Middle East.   ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــKeywords: The U.S, foreign policy, Middle East, Soft power.  Institutional liberalism.     

  Abstract  With Obama?s administation, we are witness to the adjustment in the foreign policy of United states incomparison with Bush period. Obama has created this changing through rotation the strategy and emphasizing on distance of soft power and prioritizing diplomacy with goal of accomplishment of Iran?s nuchear issue. His approach, based on changing policy in the from of the smart power, is considered as one of important pivotes in the United stste?s foreign policy.So foreign policy of this country in face with Iran?s nuclear dossier has been accompanimented by 2 mutual of formal diplomatic campaign on the one hand, and applying encouraging and punitive policies in form of sanctions, on the other hand. Following this policy from America made Iran adopt a realistic approach in its foreign policy against America?s new strategy. Hence, Iran?s new approach has followed the negotiations based on the flexible and diplomatic view not merely based on the security view. We want to answer this question: What is the effect of America?s smart power on the flow of negotiations between Iran?s and west (5+1 group)? It is concluded that United state?s policy that it?s based on the smart power, leads into changing   the style of negotiations between Iran and 5+1 group.This revolution has been applied through interaction in form of heroics flexibility, wich has been originated from our country?s foreign policy system. Prominence of diplomatic tools against Iran?s nuclear program, has changed the form of negotiations and Iran?s strategic action in front of America?s new approach was in the atmosphere of applying heroic   suppleness in during negotiations.      Key words: Iran?s nuclear dossier, Foreign policy of Obama?s state, Smart power, Heroic suppleness.    

    Abstract:After the end of the Cold War and the collapse of the Soviet UnionType text or a website address or translate a document.Cancel  a issue was clear to everyone and that is security not Summarized only to military dimension. In here scientists paid to redefine of security and its dimensions. One of the security dimensions in new form related to environmental topics. Environment has branches and various dimensions including soil, forest, and air and so on. Including this dimensions that will be named as the modern problem of humanity and underlie of future wars is «water shortage ». The aim of this study was to identify one of the most fundamental challenges facing the Islamic Republic of Iran in the 21st century the " water shortage " and then examine the role of this situation at the national security in Iran in order to analyze the data to understand why the importance of water shortage. The water shortage in the world today that is whatever reason has a feature and that water is not merely an economic good to resolving the daily needs and can take form of security. Nowadays water shortage is a global phenomenon and concerns for most countries have created. In here the main research question is that what is the impact of the water shortage on national security of the Islamic Republic of Iran?And probable responses researcher that the water shortage has the ability of threatening the national security of the Islamic Republic of Iran.  Keywords: Environmental crisis, water crisis, national security, Copenhagen School, the Islamic Republic of Iran.